Breakup of finite-size liquid filaments: Transition from no-breakup to breakup including substrate effects⋆.

This work studies the breakup of finite-size liquid filaments, when also including substrate effects, using direct numerical simulations. The study focuses on the effects of three parameters: Ohnesorge number, the ratio of the viscous forces to inertial and surface tension forces, the liquid filament aspect ratio, and where there is a substrate, a measure of the fluid slip on the substrate, i.e. slip length. Through these parameters, it is determined whether a liquid filament breaks up during the evolution toward its final equilibrium state. Three scenarios are identified: a collapse into a single droplet, the breakup into one or multiple droplets, and recoalescence into a single droplet after the breakup (or even possibly another breakup after recoalescence). The results are compared with the ones available in the literature for free-standing liquid filaments. The findings show that the presence of the substrate promotes the breakup of the filament. The effect of the degree of slip on the breakup is also discussed. The parameter domain regions are comprehensively explored when including the slip effects. An experimental case is also carried out to illustrate the collapse and breakup of a finite-size silicon oil filament supported on a substrate, showcasing a critical length of the breakup in a physical configuration. Finally, direct numerical simulations reveal striking new details into the breakup pattern for low Ohnesorge numbers, where the dynamics are fast and the experimental imaging is not available; our results therefore significantly extend the range of Ohnesorge number over which filament breakup has been considered.

Giant visible and infrared light attenuation effect in nanostructured narrow-bandgap glasses.

A unique effect of Bi on the optical and electrical properties of mixed Ga-containing Ge-Se and Ge-Te glasses is discovered. It is shown that glass with a low Bi content is completely transparent in a 3-16 µm spectral range, while the glass with a slightly higher Bi content possesses a large (>10 db/mm) attenuation coefficient, making a ∼millimeter thick glass sample fully opaque to VIS-IR radiation. Despite this contrast, both types of glass are found to retain their semiconducting properties, the DC conductivity at room temperature, σDC∼10-3 S/m, being comparable to that of silicon.

Nanoscale Inhomogeneities Mapping in Ga-Modified Arsenic Selenide Glasses.

Nanoscale inhomogeneities mapping in Ga-modified As2Se3 glass was utilized exploring possibilities of nanoindentation technique using a Berkovitch-type diamond tip. Structural inhomogeneities were detected in Gax(As0.40Se0.60)100-x alloys with more than 3 at.% of Ga. The appeared Ga2Se3 nanocrystallites were visualized in Ga-modified arsenic selenide glasses using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The Ga additions are shown to increase nanohardness and Young's modulus, this effect attaining an obvious bifurcation trend in crystallization-decomposed Ga5(As0.40Se0.60)95 alloy.

Free-Volume Nanostructurization in Ga-Modified As2Se3 Glass.

Different stages of intrinsic nanostructurization related to evolution of free-volume voids, including phase separation, crystalline nuclei precipitation, and growth, were studied in glassy As2Se3 doped with Ga up to 5 at. %, using complementary techniques of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Positron lifetime spectra reconstructed in terms of a two-state trapping model testified in favor of a native void structure of g-As2Se3 modified by Ga additions. Under small Ga content (below 3 at. %), the positron trapping in glassy alloys was dominated by voids associated with bond-free solid angles of bridging As2Se4/2 units. This void agglomeration trend was changed on fragmentation with further Ga doping due to crystalline Ga2Se3 nuclei precipitation and growth, these changes being activated by employing free volume from just attached As-rich glassy matrix with higher content of As2Se4/2 clusters. Respectively, the positron trapping on free-volume voids related to pyramidal AsSe3/2 units (like in parent As2Se3 glass) was in obvious preference in such glassy crystalline alloys.

[Use of filgrastim (RHU G-CSF) in supplemental treatment of non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in children]. / Zastosowanie filgrastimu (rHu G-CSF) w leczeniu uzupelnijaçym nieziarniczych chloniaków zlosliwych (NHL) u dzieci.

Clinical application of glycoproteins stimulating the growth (G-CSF), differentiation and activity of the cells of granulocyte line has become a landmark in the treatment of patients with neutropenia. It has been proved that filgrastim (rHU G-CSF) applied after intensive chemotherapy shortens the duration of neutropenia and decreases the frequency of occurrence of infections. The paper discusses the efficiency and tolerance of filgrastim in children treated for NHL. Filgrastim was applied in children with NHL T cell and B cell treated according to BFM 86 protocols. It was given in a dose of 5 micrograms/kg daily i.v. The duration of therapy ranged from 5-20 days. Altogether 47 cycles were performed. 25 cycles were performed in 12 children during granulocytopenia (< 1 x 10(9)/l). The median time of neutropenia recovery, the frequency of severe infection and chemotherapy retardation were significantly lower in the examined than in the control group (p < 0.05). In 6 children 22 courses of filgrastim were given prophylactically after the cycles of intensive chemotherapy of NHL. Only during two courses due to neutropenia the chemotherapy retardation was necessary. Toleration of filgrastim was good. Application of filgrastim right after the intensive chemotherapy in children with NHL has considerably improved persistent realization of treatment programmes. Tolerance of the drug was good.

[Shape acoustical recognition and characteristics of sonar signals by the dolphin T. truncatus]. / Reconnaissance acoustique des formes et caractéristiques des signaux sonars chez Tursiops truncatus, famille des Delphinidés.

During the shape acoustical recognition process, the signal processing reveals two phases in the T. truncatus sonar emission. In the course of the first phase, the wide-band signals are invariant, during the second phase, near the end of the approach, their temporal and spectral characteristics change along with the shape of the objects to identify.