Cath lab costs in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty - detailed analysis of consecutive procedures.

BACKGROUND: Costs of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) have an important impact on health care expenditures. Despite the present stress upon the cost-effectiveness issues in medicine, few comprehensive data exist on costs and resource use in different clinical settings. AIM: To assess catheterisation laboratory costs related to use of drugs and single-use devices in patients undergoing PCI due to coronary artery disease. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 1500 consecutive PCIs (radial approach, n = 1103; femoral approach, n = 397) performed due to ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI; n = 345) and non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI; n = 426) as well as unstable angina (UA; n = 489) and stable angina (SA; n = 241) was undertaken. Comparative cost analysis was performed and shown in local currency units (PLN). RESULTS: The cath lab costs were higher in STEMI (4295.01 ± 2384.54PLN, p < 0.001) compared to NSTEMI (3493.40 ± 1907.43 PLN, p < 0.001), UA (3206.31 ± 1692.82 PLN, p < 0.001) and SA patients (3138.91 ± 1427.62 PLN, p < 0.001). They were higher in males than in females (3668.9 ± 2095.2 vs. 3292.0 ± 1656.0 PLN, p < 0.05). In females PCIs performed via radial approach were more expensive than via femoral approach (3360.4 ± 1540.1 vs. 3135.5 ± 1890.3 PLN, p < 0.01). In all subgroups analysed, costs were positively correlated with X-ray dose, fluoroscopy, and total procedure times. Patients' age negatively correlated with cath lab costs in STEMI/NSTEMI patients. CONCLUSIONS: Cath lab costs were higher in STEMI patients compared to other groups. In STEMI/NSTEMI they were lower in older patients. In all analysed groups costs were related to the level of procedural difficulty. In female patients, the costs of PCI performed via radial approach were higher compared to femoral approach. Despite younger age, male patients underwent more expensive procedures.

Evaluation of radiological risk during coronary angioplasty procedures: comparison of transradial and transfemoral approaches.

Increasing operator experience and newer available interventional cardiology devices require reassessment of radiological risk related to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). We aimed at comparison of radiological risk and procedural data of PCIs performed by radial (RA) and femoral (FA) approach in real life patients. Detailed retrospective analysis of 1500 consecutive PCIs with the use of radial or femoral access was performed. Comparison between RA and FA groups included procedural time (PT), fluoroscopy time (FT), radiation dose and contrast volume usage. There was no significant differences between RA and FA procedures in FT (12.6 ± 13.5 vs. 11.7 ± 9.5 min), X-ray dose generated during PCI (805.9 ± 615.9 vs. 792.2 ± 633.9 mGy) and use of contrast medium (145.2 ± 62.2 vs. 152.5 ± 64.2 ml). Mean total PT was shorter in RA (43.7 ± 24.5 min) than in FA group (47.2 ± 30.13 min, p < 0.02). Patients' age positively correlated with FT (r = 0.14, p < 0.05) and PT (r = 0.07, p < 0.05) in RA but not in FA group (r = 0.05; r = -0.06, respectively). Despite younger age, PCIs in males needed higher usage of contrast medium (151.7 ± 69.2 vs. 139.1 ± 49.3 ml; p < 0.001), and higher X-ray dose (887.0 ± 660.4 vs. 657.8 ± 515.2 mGy; p < 0.001). Age significantly correlated with PT only in female (r = 0.093, p < 0.05) but not in male patients (r = 0.015). We conclude that fluoroscopy times, X-ray dose and use of contrast medium were similar in RA and FA, but mean total procedural time was significantly shorter in RA than in FA group. However, older patients in RA group needed longer fluoroscopy and procedural times to complete PCI and this was not seen in FA.