External Validity of the New York University Caregiver Intervention: Key Caregiver Outcomes Across Multiple Demonstration Projects.

Purpose of the Study: The Administration on Aging funded six New York University Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI) demonstration projects, a counseling/support intervention targeting dementia caregivers and families. Three sites (Georgia, Utah, Wisconsin) pooled data to inform external validity in nonresearch settings. This study (a) assesses collective changes over time, and (b) compares outcomes across sites on caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, satisfaction with social support, family conflict, and quality of life. Design and Methods: Data included baseline/preintervention (N = 294) and follow-up visits (approximately 4, 8, 12 months). Results: Linear mixed models showed that social support satisfaction increased (p < .05) and family conflict decreased (p < .05; Cohen's d = 0.49 and 0.35, respectively). Marginally significant findings emerged for quality of life increases (p = .05) and burden decreases (p < .10). Depressive symptoms remained stable. Slopes did not differ much by site. Implications: NYUCI demonstrated external validity in nonresearch settings across diverse caregiver samples.

Operation family caregiver: Problem-solving training for military caregivers in a community setting.

OBJECTIVE: This study, conducted over a 2-year period at 9 sites, describes the outcomes of an evidence-based support program, Operation Family Caregiver, to gain an understanding of how a tailored, problem-solving training could assist military caregivers, who provide care and assistance to those injured, ill, or disabled as a result of war. METHOD: A pre-post research design was employed to examine caregiver burden, depression, health complaints, satisfaction with life, children's anxiety, and problem solving among a convenience sample of caregivers of 128 military service members and veterans. RESULTS: Analysis revealed a decrease in depression, burden, and health complaints and an increase in satisfaction of life and positive problem-solving skills (p < .001). CONCLUSION: This program may be beneficial to caregiving families of military service and veterans living with posttraumatic stress, traumatic brain injury, and/or a physical disability.

End-of-life care: an educational intervention for rural nurses in southeastern USA.

AIM: To assess the impact of three educational presentations as an intervention for increasing knowledge of end-of-life care for rural nurses in assisted living and nursing home environments. DESIGN: A repeated measures design (quantitative component) evaluated the effects of the educational intervention. Two open-ended questions yielded qualitative data. SAMPLE AND SETTING: A convenience sample (n = 9) of Registered Nurses and Licensed Practical Nurses employed in an assisted living facility or nursing home in the rural, southeastern region of the USA. Level of nursing experience ranged from 6 to 28 years. ANALYSIS: Frequency distributions, difference of means test for paired samples. RESULTS: Post test scores were significantly higher (t = 6.999; p < 0.001) than pretest scores regarding overall knowledge on end-of-life care. Attitudes and perceptions of participants changed in defining what constitutes a 'good death'. CONCLUSIONS: Classroom educational presentations are an effective means of changing attitudes and improving end-of-life care knowledge. Additional education and support for rural nursing personnel involved with residents of long-term care may enhance end-of-life care.

Prayer: folk home remedy vs. spiritual practice.

A multidisciplinary review of the literature reveals that prayer, in a multicultural context, may be viewed as both a folk home remedy and a practice of spirituality. Understanding cultural differences and similarities of the use of prayer as a variable for health promotion may have implications for tailoring treatment approaches to eliminate disparities in providing care to clients of diverse cultural backgrounds. This paper presents these similarities and differences within the cultural beliefs of the White, African-American, and Hispanic populations.

Concepts in health promotion. Perceived self-efficacy and barriers in older adults.

Many older adults have reached later life in apparent good health while others' lack of self-care activities has greatly accelerated the process of aging. In this article, self-efficacy and perceived barriers are explored as significant concepts that influence the self-care activities of elderly individuals. A conceptual model is presented depicting perceived self-efficacy and barriers as determinants of self-care activities. This conceptual model differs from earlier health promotion models because it is specific for older adults. Based on empirical studies, this conceptual model demonstrates that the variables of perceived self-efficacy and barriers have a profound effect on an older adult's participation in self-care activities. Testing of this model is needed to provide a knowledge base for designing health promotion strategies, maximizing cost containment strategies, and contributing to Healthy People 2010 objectives of increasing quality of life for all older adults.