Mining Tamarix ramosissima roots for endophytic growth promoting fungi to improve wheat root growth.

Endophytic fungi are commonly found in the root endosphere and can enhance plant growth through various mechanisms. The aim of this study was to isolate cultivable endophytic fungi associated with the roots of Tamarix ramosissima and to evaluate their plant growth promoting properties. About 35 isolated fungal endophytes belonging to the Ascomycota from four different genera were isolated from the endosphere of T. ramosissima: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Talaromyces. These fungal endophytes showed different abilities to solubilize phosphate and produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The fungal isolates of T. allahabadensis (T3) and A. niger (T4) showed different efficiency in solubilizing phosphate. Almost all fungal isolates were able to produce IAA, and the highest value (0.699 µg/ml) was found in the isolate of F. solani (T11). Inoculation of wheat seeds with endophytic fungi significantly increased the initial growth of wheat roots. The results showed that inoculation with the endophytic fungus A. fumigatus T15 significantly increased root length by 75%. The extensive root system of T. ramosissima may be due to symbiosis with IAA-producing endophytic fungi, which enhance root development and water uptake in dry conditions. These fungi can also boost soil phosphorus levels, promoting plant growth.

Vermicompost as an alternative substrate to peat moss for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) in soilles culture.

BACKGROUND: Consecutive droughts and quantitative and qualitative reduction of surface and underground water resources have caused an increase in greenhouse and hydroponic cultivation for most garden crops, including strawberries, in Iran. On the other hand, most of the inputs of greenhouse crops in Iran are imported. To possibility of replacing vermicompost with peat moss under hydroponic cultivation, an experiment was done in a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design in three replications in Isfahan (Iran) Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2019. The main treatment was substrate at four levels included different levels of vermicompost (30 and 50%) and peat moss (30 and 50%) in combination with perlite and sub-treatment were Selva and Camarosa cultivars. RESULTS: The results showed that Camarosa cultivar and Selva cultivar in (perlite/ peat moss 50:50) and Selva cultivar in (perlite / vermicompost 70:30) had maximum yield. Leaf number and chlorophyll index were maximum in Camarosa cultivar in peat moss substrates. Strawberry cultivars had the highest root fresh weight, the content of vitamin C and total soluble solids (TSS) in substrates containing vermicompost. Camarosa cultivar in (perlite / peat moss50:50) and Selva cultivar in (perlite /vermicompost 50:50) had maximum root dry weight. Also, the highest number of inflorescences was related to substrates containing peat moss and (perlite /vermicompost 70:30). Maximum amount of fresh and dry weight of shoots were observed in (perlite/ peat moss70:30). Selva cultivar had more inflorescences (16.5%) than Camarosa cultivar and Camarosa cultivar produced more fresh and dry weight of shoots (16.5%, 23.01%) than Selva cultivar. CONCLUSION: Expriment results highlighted the importance of considering both main and sub-treatments in agricultural research, as they interacted to influence various growth and yield parameters. 50% vermicompost treatment combined with perlite had a positive impact on plant growth and in quality index such as vitamin C content and TSS was highest. while the choice of cultivar affected different aspects of plant development. Selva cultivar was known to be more tolerant to salinity caused by vermicompost. Vermicompost is local and more economical, also salt resistant cultivars are recommended in a controlled (30%) amount of vermicompost.

Optimization of a Protocol for Launching Grapevine Infection with the Biologically Active cDNA Clones of a Virus.

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) is the most globally prevalent and destructive disease complex responsible for significant reductions in grape yield and quality as well as wine production. GLRD is associated with several positive-strand RNA viruses of the family Closteroviridae, designated as grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). However, the specific etiological role of any of these GLRaVs in GLRD has not been demonstrated. Even though GLRaV-3 is considered the chief GLRD agent, little is known about the molecular, cellular, and pathological properties of this virus. Such a knowledge gap is due to multiple factors, including the unavailability of biologically active virus cDNA clones and the lack of reliable experimental systems for launching grapevine infection using such clones. In this work, we tested four methods for inoculating tissue-cultured grapevine plantlets with cDNA clones of GLRaV-3: (i) vacuum agro-infiltration; (ii) agro-pricking; (iii) agro-drenching; and (iv) agro-injection. We showed that vacuum agro-infiltration was the most effective of these methods. Furthermore, we examined the impacts of different experimental conditions on the survival and infectivity rate of grapevines after infiltration. To verify the infectivity rate for different treatments, we used RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. We found that humidity plays a critical role in the survival of plantlets after agro-infiltration and that the use of RNA silencing suppressor and dormancy treatment both had strong effects on the infection rates. To our knowledge, the experimental protocol reported herein is the most effective system for launching the infection of grapevine using cDNA clones of grapevine viruses featuring up to a 70% infection rate. This system has strong potential to facilitate grapevine virology research including the fulfillment of Koch's postulates for GLRD and other major virus diseases as well as identifying the molecular, cellular, and pathological properties of GLRaVs and, potentially, other important grapevine viruses.

Influences of peanut hull-derived biochar, Trichoderma harzianum and supplemental phosphorus on hairy vetch growth in Pb- and Zn-contaminated soil.

In the present study, in order to improve the growth performance of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth., Local landrace from Ardabil, Iran) seedlings grown in the soil contaminated with heavy metals Pb and Zn, our attention was directed toward the application of biochar, inoculation with conidial suspension of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai-T22 and management of phosphorus (P) nutrition. Heavy metal toxicity reduced leaf greenness, membrane stability index, maximum quantum yield of PSΙΙ (Fv/Fm), P concentration and uptake in plant tissues and root and shoot biomass, but increased Pb and Zn concentration and uptake in root and leaf, H2O2 and malondialdehyde content and CAT and POX activity in the leaves. The application of biochar, inoculation with Trichoderma fungus and P supplementation increased the shoot P content, which might contribute to the alleviation of P insufficiency and a subsequent elevation in P transfer to aboveground biomass, and eliminated the toxicity of heavy metal on hairy vetch plants, which was revealed in reducing oxidative stress and enhancing plant growth performance. The biochar considerably increased Zn immobilization, while being able to slightly stabilize Pb. Co-application of Trichoderma and 22 mg P/kg soil (22P) increased the concentration and uptake of Zn in the roots and decreased the translocation of this element to the shoots, especially when biochar was not amended. Although the biochar and P inputs could compensate the negative Trichoderma effects, the results suggested that biochar application in combination with fungal inoculation and 22-P supplementation could not only increase hairy vetch growth performance but also decline heavy metal uptake to ensure the production of a forage crop in soils polluted with heavy metals based on the nutritional standards of livestock.

Foliar application of putrescine, salicylic acid, and ascorbic acid mitigates frost stress damage in Vitis vinifera cv. ̒Giziluzum̕.

BACKGROUND: Cold stress is an effective factor in reducing production and injuring fruit trees. Various materials, such as salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and putrescine, are used to alleviate the damage of abiotic stress. RESULTS: The effect of different treatments of putrescine, salicylic acid, and ascorbic acid on alleviating the damage of frost stress (- 3 °C) to grapes 'Giziluzum' was investigated. Frost stress increased the amount of H2O2, MDA, proline, and MSI. On the other hand, it decreased the concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves. Putrescine, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid significantly increased the activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase under frost stress. Following frost stress, the grapes treated with putrescine, salicylic acid, and ascorbic acid showed higher levels of DHA, AsA, and AsA/DHA than the untreated grapes. Our results showed that the treatment with ascorbic acid outperformed the other treatments in adjusting frost stress damages. CONCLUSION: The use of compounds, such as ascorbic ac id, salicylic acid, and putrescine, modulates the effects of frost stress, thereby increasing the antioxidant defense system of cells, reducing its damage, and stabilizing stable cell conditions, so it can be used to reduce frost damage to different grape cultivars.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Enhance Drought Tolerance in Wheat via Physio-Biochemical Changes and Stress Genes Expression.

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the expression analysis of genes involved in drought tolerance and the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to mitigate the undesirable effects of drought stress in wheat. Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) was performed with three replicates. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran in 2017. The factorial combination of stress levels of water supply (including 85%, 60%, and 35% field capacity) and ZnO NPs (0, 0.5, and 1.0 g. L-1) were used on three wheat cultivars (Mihan, Heidari, and Gascogne). Three days after spraying the ZnO NPs in the three-leaf stage, drought stress was applied for ten days and physio-biochemical traits and gene expression of wheat cultivars were investigated. The expression of Wdhn13, DREB2, P5CS, and CAT1 genes in leaves were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Generally, drought stress significantly enhanced total protein and lysine, soluble sugars, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents, antioxidant enzymes activities, and proline accumulation in plants treated with ZnO NPs. Moreover, the ZnO NPs increased the expression of the genes involved in proline biosynthesis (i.e., P5CS), catalase activity (i.e., CAT1), and dehydration-responsive genes DREB2 and Wdhn13, which are known as drought-tolerance parameters. Conclusions: According to our results, ZnO NP-treated wheat induced drought-tolerance genes and effectively facilitated deficiency tolerance. Therefore, under drought stress, we recommend spraying bread wheat with ZnO NPs (1 g. L-1) in the growing season, which can improve wheat grain yield under dry conditions.

Plant Growth Regulators Improve Grain Production and Water Use Efficiency of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. under Water Stress.

The development of methods increasing plant water use efficiency (WUE) would enhance the ability to grow wild aromatic and medicinally important species. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) applied by spraying on stress resistance and WUE of fennel subjected to water stress. Plants in the generative stage were more drought tolerant than those in the vegetative stage. Water stress at vegetative stage decreased plant biomass and grain yield by 60% and 61%, respectively. Severe water stress in vegetative stage reduced grain production by 56%, and grains had 43% lower mass than those from non-stressed plants. Application of PGRs at both stages of growth increased grain yield and biomass, but the magnitude of increase depended on the type and application time of PGRs. Plants grown in well-watered conditions and sprayed with methyl jasmonate during the vegetative stage had the highest grain production (2.7 g plant-1), whereas under moderate water stress, plants yielded the best (2.1 g plant-1) when sprayed with epibrassinolide. The maximum WUE for grain (0.91 g L-1) and essential oil production (20 mg L-1) was noted in plants exposed to moderate stress and treated with methyl jasmonate during the vegetative stage.

THC and CBD Fingerprinting of an Elite Cannabis Collection from Iran: Quantifying Diversity to Underpin Future Cannabis Breeding.

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) has a rich history of human use, and the therapeutic importance of compounds produced by this species is recognized by the medical community. The active constituents of cannabis, collectively called cannabinoids, encompass hundreds of distinct molecules, the most well-characterized of which are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which have been used for centuries as recreational drugs and medicinal agents. As a first step to establish a cannabis breeding program, we initiated this study to describe the HPLC-measured quantity of THC and CBD biochemistry profiles of 161 feral pistillate cannabis plants from 20 geographical regions of Iran. Our data showed that Iran can be considered a new region of high potential for distribution of cannabis landraces with diverse THC and CBD content, predominantly falling into three groups, as Type I = THC-predominant, Type II = approximately equal proportions of THC and CBD (both CBD and THC in a ratio close to the unity), and Type III = CBD-predominant. Correlation analysis among two target cannabinoids and environmental and geographical variables indicated that both THC and CBD contents were strongly influenced by several environmental-geographical factors, such that THC and CBD contents were positively correlated with mean, min and max annual temperature and negatively correlated with latitude, elevation, and humidity. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between THC and CBD concentrations, suggesting that further studies to unravel these genotype × environment interactions (G × E interactions) are warranted. The results of this study provide important pre-breeding information on a collection of cannabis that will underpin future breeding programs.

Social Media and Academic Impact: Do Early Tweets Correlate With Future Citations?

OBJECTIVE: Determine whether social media platforms can influence article impact as measured by citations. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that analyzed articles published in the top 10 otolaryngology journals by Eigenfactor score in January 2015. Total accumulated Twitter mentions and citations were recorded in 2021. The main outcomes examined the difference in citations, tweets, article types, and author counts accumulated over a 5-year period for all articles that were either tweeted or nontweeted. RESULTS: A total of 3094 articles were included for analysis. The average article was cited 11.2 ± 13.2 times and tweeted 2.10 ± 4.0 times. Sixty-four percent of the articles had at least one tweet. Over the study period, there was a statistically significant difference in mean number of citations between tweeted articles (12.1 ± 15.0) versus nontweeted articles (9.6 ± 10.5) citations, representing a 26% difference (P < .001). Review articles had the highest mean citations (19.4 ± 23.4) while editorials had the lowest mean citations (2.8 ± 6.9). Tweets peaked in the year of publication, but citations continued to rise in the subsequent years. Tweeted articles' peak citation rate change was +1.27 mean citations per year, compared to +0.99 mean citations per year in nontweeted articles. The mean author count in tweeted articles (5.40 ± 3.1) was not significantly different than the mean author count in nontweeted articles (5.19 ± 2.65, P = .0794). CONCLUSION: These data suggest a moderate correlation between tweets and article citations, but a clear difference in the number of citations in articles tweeted versus those with no tweets. Thus, dissemination of knowledge may be impacted by social medial platforms such as Twitter.

Improved Anther Culture Media for Enhanced Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Anther culture technique is the most viable and efficient method of producing homozygous doubled haploid plants within a short period. However, the practical application of this technology in rice improvement is still limited by various factors that influence culture efficiency. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of two improved anther culture media, Ali-1 (A1) and Ali-2 (A2), a modified N6 medium, to enhance the callus formation and plant regeneration of japonica, indica, and hybrids of indica and japonica cross. The current study demonstrated that genotype and media had a significant impact (p < 0.001) on both callus induction frequency and green plantlet regeneration efficiency. The use of the A1 and A2 medium significantly enhanced callus induction frequency of japonica rice type, Nipponbare, and the hybrids of indica × japonica cross (CXY6, CXY24, and Y2) but not the indica rice type, NSIC Rc480. However, the A1 medium is found superior to the N6 medium as it significantly improved the green plantlet regeneration efficiency of CXY6, CXY24, and Y2 by almost 36%, 118%, and 277%, respectively. Furthermore, it substantially reduced the albino plantlet regeneration of the induced callus in two hybrids (CXY6 and Y2). Therefore, the improved anther culture medium A1 can produce doubled haploid rice plants for indica × japonica, which can be useful in different breeding programs that will enable the speedy development of rice varieties for resource-poor farmers.

Application of DNA barcodes and spatial analysis in conservation genetics and modeling of Iranian Salicornia genetic resources.

Iran is one of the origins of some Salicornia species. Nevertheless, comprehensive research has not been conducted on genetic potential, distribution, selection of populations, and the economic utilization of Salicornia in Iran. In the current study, Salicornia was collected based on the previous data available for 26 different geographical locations of provinces in Iran. We examined Salicornia plants' universality DNA barcodes, including rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and ITS, and their species identification abilities and identified six species groups. Subsequently, accurate modeling of distributed areas was provided with MAXENT and highlighted the valuable information on the diversity of specific geographical regions, conservation status of existing species, prioritization of conservation areas, and selection of Agro-Ecological areas. Together, this type of integrative study will provide useful information for managing and utilizing Salicornia genetic resources in Iran.

Providing an optimized model to detect driver genes from heterogeneous cancer samples using restriction in subspace learning.

Extracting the drivers from genes with mutation, and segregation of driver and passenger genes are known as the most controversial issues in cancer studies. According to the heterogeneity of cancer, it is not possible to identify indicators under a group of associated drivers, in order to identify a group of patients with diseases related to these subgroups. Therefore, the precise identification of the related driver genes using artificial intelligence techniques is still considered as a challenge for researchers. In this research, a new method has been developed using the subspace learning method, unsupervised learning, and with more constraints. Accordingly, it has been attempted to extract the driver genes with more precision and accurate results. The obtained results show that the proposed method is more to predict the driver genes and subgroups of driver genes which have the highest degree of overlap due to p-value with known driver genes in valid databases. Driver genes are the benchmark of MsigDB which have more overlap compared to them as selected driver genes. In this article, in addition to including the driver genes defined in previous work, introduce newer driver genes. The minister will define newer groups of driver genes compared to other methods the p-value of the proposed method was 9.21e-7 better than previous methods for 200 genes. Due to the overlap and newer driver genes and driver gene group and subgroups. The results show that the p value of the proposed method is about 2.7 times less than the driver sub method due to overlap, indicating that the proposed method can identify driver genes in cancerous tumors with greater accuracy and reliability.

Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Use in Trauma Patients: A Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) present with similar signs and symptoms, yet their treatment strategies differ greatly. AWS treatment includes the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA) protocol, which grades withdrawal signs and symptoms. A major purpose of CIWA is to guide the addition and titration of central nervous system (CNS) depressants, most commonly benzodiazepines. Conversely, best practice is to avoid these same CNS depressants in the setting of TBI. Thus, patients with TBI presenting with AWS risk may receive undesirable interventions that could worsen outcome. OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship of TBI diagnosis with CIWA protocol scores and intervention implementation. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort observational study. SETTING: Single university-based, level one trauma center. PATIENTS: Three hundred seventy-five patients with head trauma or AWS classification, identified through the trauma center's trauma registry. INTERVENTIONS: CIWA protocol and related medication use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of elevated CIWA score, length of CIWA administration, and medication administration incidence were abstracted from patients' medical records. RESULTS: The percentage of elevated CIWA scores increased significantly with TBI severity, from 4.5%(0-60) in the No TBI group, up to 12.5% (0-36) in the Mild TBI group, 27.1% (0-57) in the Moderate TBI group, and 50.0% (14-77) in the Severe TBI group. Nominally, lorazepam use showed a similar pattern of escalation with TBI severity, but it did not reach statistical significance. Haloperidol use did significantly escalate with higher TBI severity. No group differences were observed for total lorazepam equivalents or length on the CIWA protocol. CONCLUSIONS: TBI diagnosis and higher TBI severity level correlate with higher CIWA scores, but neither increased nor decreased benzodiazepine usage was observed. Antipsychotic use did escalate with TBI diagnosis and severity. The risks versus benefits of minimizing benzodiazepines in patients with TBI who are at risk for AWS warrant future study.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Biochemical Properties, Yield, and Oil Content Affected by 24-Epibrassinosteroid and Genotype under Drought Stress.

The steroid hormones, including brassinosteroids, regulate plant growth under stress. It is hypothesized that 24-epibrassinosteroids (24-EBR) can affect safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) biochemical properties, crop yield, and oil content under drought stress. The objective of our study was to determine the response of three safflower genotypes (Goldasht, Faraman, and Sina) to exogenous 24-EBR (0 and 10-7 M) under drought stress, including 85, 65, and 45% of field capacity in 2015. Stress decreased chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, relative water content (RWC), seed yield, and oil percentage. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and proline contents increased in response to either drought stress or 24-EBR. Genotypes behaved significantly different under stress. 24-EBR significantly increased plant chlorophyll contents and oil percentage, and it significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content via increasing the proline and carotenoid contents under stress. 24-EBR can increase safflower oil and seed yield under drought stress.

Bio-based remediation of petroleum-contaminated saline soils: Challenges, the current state-of-the-art and future prospects.

Exploiting synergism between plants and microbes offers a potential means of remediating soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). Salinity alters the physicochemical characteristics of soils and suppresses the growth of both plants and soil microbes, so the bioremediation of saline soils requires the use of plants and in microbes which can tolerate salinity. This review focuses on the management of PHC-contaminated saline soils, surveying what is currently known with respect to the potential of halophytes (plants adapted to saline environments) acting in concert with synergistic microbes to degrade PHCs. The priority is to identify optimal combinations of halophyte(s) and the bacteria present as endophytes and/or associated with the rhizosphere, and to determine what are the factors which most strongly affect their viability.

Evaluation of the health promotion standards in governmental and non-governmental hospitals in East-Azerbaijan.

Background: Considering the importance of assessing the program of health promotion hospitals (HPH) for elucidating the compliance with the standards, the present study aimed to evaluate the health promotion standards in governmental and nongovernmental hospitals of East-Azerbaijan. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, all hospitals in East-Azerbaijan province in 2018 were recruited. The Persian validated World Health Organization (WHO) a self-assessment questionnaire was sent to the director of each hospital and invited to corporate with the study. Self-assessment questionnaire consists of 40 measurable elements that assess management policy, patient's assessment, patient information and intervention, promoting health work placed and continuity and cooperation. Independent sample ttest was conducted to compare the mean score of each standard across hospitals type, location, and size. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results: Hospitals total HPH score was 56.06±21.27 (out of 100). Among five standards, Standard 3 had the highest score (66.85±18.80), and Standard 4 had the lowest score (47.79±19.12). The capital cities' hospitals had a significantly higher score in Standard 5 (p=0.02). Non-governmental hospitals had a significantly higher score in standard 4 (p=0.02). There were no significant differences in all five standards of HPH between hospitals with ≤200 and >200 beds (p>0.05). Conclusion: The hospitals in East-Azerbaijan-Iran had moderate compliance with HPH program, and they need to improve their performance especially in the field of providing healthy workplace and offering proper education and health-promoting services to patients after discharge.

Remediation of saline soils contaminated with crude oil using the halophyte Salicornia persica in conjunction with hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria.

The negative impact of salinity on plant growth and the survival of rhizosphere biota complicates the application of bioremediation to crude oil-contaminated saline soils. Here, a comparison was made between the remedial effect of treating the soil with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a salinity tolerant hydrocarbon-degrading consortium in conjunction with either the halophyte Salicornia persica or the non-halophyte Festuca arundinacea. The effect of the various treatments on salinized soils was measured by assessing the extent of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation, the soil's dehydrogenase activity, the abundance of the bacteria and the level of phytotoxicity as measured by a bioassay. When a non-salinized soil was assessed after a treatment period of 120 days, the ranking for effectiveness with respect to TPH removal was F. arundinacea > P. aeruginosa > S. persica > no treatment control, while in the presence of salinity, the ranking changed to S. persica > P. aeruginosa > F. arundinacea > no treatment control. Combining the planting of S. persica or F. arundinacea with P. aeruginosa inoculation ("bioaugmentation") boosted the degradation of TPH up to 5-17%. Analyses of the residual oil contamination revealed that long chain alkanes (above C20) were particularly strongly degraded following the bioaugmentation treatments. The induced increase in dehydrogenase activity and the abundance of the bacteria (3.5 and 10 fold respectively) achieved in the bioaugmentation/S. persica treatment resulted in 46-76% reduction in soil phytotoxicity in a saline soil. The indication was that bioaugmentation of halophyte can help to mitigate the adverse effects on the effectiveness of bioremediation in a crude oil-contaminated saline soil.

Relationships of rice yield and quality based on genotype by trait (GT) biplot.

An experiment was conducted to examine the influencing characters on rice by using 64 rice genotypes, including four local landraces, four released cultivars and 56 mutant lines (M5) derived from these genotypes, with application of the genotype by trait (GT) biplot methodology. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 46.6% of total variation in 64 genotypes. The polygon view of GT biplot suggested seven sections for 64 genotypes. The vertex G38 had good amounts of grain yield, panicle length, hundred grain weight, internodes length, plant height and fertility percentage. Generally based on vector view it was demonstrated that the selection of high grain yield would be performed via thousand grain weight, panicle weight and number of filled grain per panicle. These traits should be considered simultaneously as effective selection criteria evolving high yielding rice genotypes because of their large contribution to grain yield. The genotypes G2, G4 and G7 could be considered for the developing of desirable progenies in the selection strategy of rice improvement programs. This study revealed GT biplot can graphically display the interrelationships among traits. In conclusion, it is recommended the use of GGE biplot to identify superior genotypes for simultaneous improvement of several traits.