Male circumcision uptake and its predictors among sexually active men aged 15-59 years living in the highest HIV prevalence region of Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey.

BACKGROUND: Pieces of evidence showed that the Gambella region of Ethiopia has remained HIV hotspot area for successive years. However, the magnitude of male circumcision uptake and its associated factors are not well studied in this region. Hence, the aim of the current study is to assess the magnitude of male circumcision uptake and its predictors among sexually active men in the region using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. METHOD: Data on 868 sexually active men residing in the Gambella region were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and health Survey. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were respectively used to summarize descriptive data and measure the statistical associations. Adjusted odds ratio and confidence intervals were respectively used to measure statistical associations between variables and their statistical significances. RESULTS: The current study revealed that the overall prevalence of male circumcision uptake in the Gambella region was 61.2% (95% CI: 57.96,64.44). The results of multivariable logistic regression revealed that being Muslim (AOR = 9.54, 95% CI: 6.765.13.88), being Orthodox Christian (AOR = 8.5, 95%CI: 5.00-14.45), being from Poor household (AOR = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.22), being from medium-income household (AOR = .33, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.73), listening to radio (AOR = .29, 95%CI: .16, .54), having comprehensive HIV knowledge (AOR = .44, 95%CI: .27, .71) and ever been tested for HIV (AOR = .27, 95%CI: .16,.46) were independently associated with male circumcision uptake. CONCLUSION: Despite all efforts made by different stakeholders to promote the provision of male circumcision in the Gambella region, its magnitude of uptake is still unacceptably low. The federal HIV prevention and Control Office and other stakeholders working on HIV prevention and control should give due emphasis to promoting HIV-related knowledge through community-based education and through religious leaders. Integrating and streamlining HIV-related education in the academic curricula, and expanding mass media coverage should also be given due consideration by the federal government and other stakeholders. The stakeholders should also give emphasis to strengthening and empowering poor sexually active men residing in the Gambella region.

Women's Decision on Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: Multinomial Analysis of Evidence From Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

BACKGROUND: Women are left out of the conversation on contraceptive use due to a variety of reasons. One of the reasons women have reported for their nonuse of family planning method is that they do not decide to use or not to use it. This study aimed to assess the women's decision-making on contraceptive use and identify its associated factors. METHODS: Data for this study were extracted from the national representative 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data were collected using 2-stage cluster design, in which enumeration areas forming the first stage and households making the second stage. The analysis was done using multinomial logistic regression using STATA software version 14. RESULTS: The study revealed that one-fourth (24.3%) 95% CI (23.7%-25.1%) decision was made by women. The multinomial analysis demonstrated women's decision-making on contraceptive use was influenced by the age of women 15 to 19 years (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.175-0.613), 20 to 24 years (AOR = 0.510, 95% CI: 0.390-0.666), and 25 to 29 (AOR = 0.557 95% CI: 0.460-0.675); place of residence (urban; AOR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.331-2.015) and region in which the women dwell and husbands education; occupation of both woman and her husband; and number of children ever born were the factors significantly associated with the outcome variable. CONCLUSIONS: Women's decision-making on contraceptive utilization was low. It was influenced by age, place of residence and region, education, occupation, and number of children ever born.

Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey.

BACKGROUND: Modern contraceptive methods enable couples to enjoy sexual intercourse without fear of the risk of pregnancy at any desired time. The evidence from different studies done in Ethiopia on modern contraceptive method utilization was highly varied and not conclusive. Therefore, the current study aims to study the magnitude of modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia based on 2016 EDHS data. METHOD: A nationally representative 2016 EDHS data collected between January 18/ 2016 to June 27/2016 were used. Descriptive studies and logistic regression models were used to summarize descriptive data and measure statistical association respectively. Adjusted odds ratio and confidence interval were respectively used to measure association and its statistical significance. Finally, statistical significance was declared using a confidence interval. RESULT: In the current study, the overall modern contraceptive utilization among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia was 3203 (20.42%). The injectable contraceptive method was the most commonly used modern contraceptive method, 1886(58.88%) followed by implant/Norplant, 779 (24.32%). The results of multivariable logistic regression showed that age, residence, region, woman's occupation, number of living children, husband's education, age at first sexual intercourse, husband's desire for more children, wealth index and watching TV were independently associated to modern contraceptive utilization among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of modern contraceptive utilization among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia in the current study is unexpectedly low. Age, residence, region, woman's occupation, number of living children, husband's education, age at first sexual intercourse, husband's desire for more children, wealth index and watching TV were independent predictors of modern contraceptive use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Any intervention strategy that promotes modern contraceptive method utilization should consider these factors for its better success.