Neuropsychological subgroups of dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Neuropsychological aspects of Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) was considered using the scores from the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) portion of the Cambridge Index of Mental Disorders in the Elderly (CAMDEX). CAMCOG scores for 51 DAT patients and 79 normal subjects were cluster analyzed. Results showed that the CAMCOG was effective in separating normal from demented subjects. The four subgroups of DAT patients differed more in "level" of impairment than for specific neuropsychological function. However, each level was characterized by losses in specific neuropsychological functions. Higher functioning groups exhibited greatest losses in memory skills, while the lowest functioning group showed greater loss of language skills.

Empathy as related to creativity, dogmatism, and expressiveness.

Empathy (affective sensitivity) was hypothesized to be positively related to creativity and expressiveness and inversely related to dogmatism, when gender and age were controlled. Participants were 56 graduate students enrolled in counseling and educational psychology courses at a large southwestern (U.S.) university. Participants were administered the Affective Sensitivity Scale (Kagan & Schneider, 1977) to measure empathy, the Statement of Past Creative Activities (Bull & Davis, 1980) to measure creativity, the Opinion Scale (Kleiber, Veldman, & Menaker, 1973) to measure dogmatism, and the Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich, & Holahan, 1979) to measure expressiveness. The results of multiple regressions provide support for the hypotheses that empathy is positively related to creativity and inversely related to dogmatism, but the results do not support the hypothesized positive relationship between empathy and expressiveness. Implications of these findings for persons serving as counselors and counselor educators are discussed.

Validity of Rorschach inanimate movement and diffuse shading responses as measures of frustration and anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to validate Rorschach inanimate movement and diffuse shading responses as measured of frustration and anxiety. 48 subjects were assigned into four cells of no treatment, frustration condition, anxiety condition, and a combination of both the frustration and anxiety conditions in a 2 x 2 (anxiety by frustration) design. Two-way analyses of variance of the influence of anxiety and frustration on inanimate movement responses and shading responses gave no significant main effects or interactions. Also, no significant relationships were found between state anxiety scores and inanimate movement or shading responses.