[Renal affection in gout].

The study of the problem of impairment of the kidneys in gout is important because investigation of gout nephropathy specifies the role of hyperuricemia (a known risk factor) in development of renal damage, on the one side, and emphasizes the role of early detection of hyperuricemic genesis of nephropathy allowing prognosis improvement due to administration of uricostatic treatment, on the other side. Earlier data on tubulointerstitial lesion are now supplied with information on essential glomerular damage due to endothelial dysfunction in the presence of insulin resistance often associated with gout.

[Neutrophil bactericidal and absorptive function in gout].

AIM: To study neutrophil bacterial and absorptive functions and the specific features of their impairments in gout. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 48 male patients with a valid diagnosis of gout (mean age, 59.7 +/- 10.3 years; duration of the disease, 9.2 +/- 2.1 years; blood uric acid (UA), 520 +/- 80 micromol) (Group 1); 25 apparently healthy volunteers (mean age 55.1 +/- 6.2 years; blood UA, 350 micromol/l) (Group 2). Neutrophil functional activity was estimated from the phagocytic-nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT test) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the determination of non-enzyme cationic proteins (CP) and their spontaneous and induced indices. Neutrophil phagocytic function was also studied. RESULTS: In Group 1, the content of active oxygen forms (AOF) was increased, on average, to 113.3 +/- 8.65 conventional units (CI) versus 88.22 +/- 5.23 CI in Group 2; p < 0.05). In 34 (70.8%) of the 48 male patients with gout, spontaneous MPO activity was significantly reduced as compared with that in Group 2: 348.4 +/- 13.6 and 509.2 +/- 12.2 CI, respectively (p < 0.01). In Group 1, the level of CP was noticeably decreased to 60.1 +/- 2.06 CI whereas in Group 2, it was 84.91 +/- 5.36 CI (p < 0.05). In gouty patients, the CP stimulation index averaged 0.70 +/- 0.13; in Group 2, it was significantly higher--1.2 +/- 0.05 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the majority of gouty patients, neutrophil functional activity suffers due to its lower phagocytic function, which suppresses the body's antioxidant defense and contributes to the chronic pattern of an inflammatory process.

[The role of mediator mechanisms in inflammation immunopathogenesis in cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis].

General pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation are reviewed on the models of atherosclerosis, calcinating aortic stenosis, cardiac failure and osteoporosis widely encountered at old age.

[Rare forms of myeloma disease]. / Redkie formy mielomnoi bolezni.

Clinical forms of myelomic disease, which is not a rare hematological illness, pathogenetically related to IgG and IgA hyperproduction, have a well-known symptoms complex and therefore present no diagnostic difficulties, but plasmocytoma can run without a typical clinical picture. In 1-5% cases M-component is represented by IgD, in 18-20%--by light chains of immunoglobulins. Unsecreting myeloma has no M-component. Atypical are also solitary and extramedullary plasmocytomas. Whether atypical forms of myelomic disease exist or its variants, even rare, present with own typical clinical picture, is discussed.

[Specification of rheumatic fever contribution to formation of senile aortic stenosis]. / Utochnenie roli revmaticheskoi likhoradki v formirovanii senil'nogo aortal'nogo stenoza.

Calcinated aortic stenosis developing in the elderly is erroneously referred to atherosclerotic lesion of the valve or is thought to be rheumatic heart defect undetected previously. The atherosclerotic hypothesis is rejected by foreign investigated while a conception of postrheumatic damage is discussed in the light of immune inflammation found in the calcinated valve. Immunogenetic testing was used for investigation of correlations between senile aortic stenosis and rheumatic fever.

[The evacuatory motor function of the gastric stump in patients with different gastroenteric anastomoses]. / Motorno-évakuatornaia funktsiia kul'ti zheludka u bol'nykh s razlichnymi zheludochno-kishechnymi soust'iami.

Motoric and evacuatory function of gastric stump were studied with bengal rose 131I in 47 patients who had undergone stomach resection for peptic ulcer in remote post-operative period with the view to study functional peculiarities of different gastroenteroanastomosis. The results evidenced in favour of Bilroth I stomach resection with retained passage of duodenal content. Bilroth II stomach resection followed by anastomosis put with cross dissection of intestinal wall was noted to preserve physiological evacuation of gastric content into intestine, which indicates its superiority to conventional Hofmeister-Finsterer's method.

[Stomach and intestinal function after Bilroth-II resection with modified transversal anastomosis]. / Funktsionalnoe sostoianie zheludka i kishechnika posle rezektsii zheludka po Bilrot-II s formirovaniem modifitsirovannogo poperechnogo soustía.

The functional peculiarities of transversal gastrointestinal anastomosis performed according to the modified method was investigated with the help of radiological method in 16 mongrel dogs, whom the stomach resection according to Bilroth-II was conducted. The emptying of gastric stump contents occurred in time with small portions. Its reflux into the afferent loop of intestine was not noted. The small intestine filling in was regular all the way. Complete restoration of motor-evacuating function of gastric stump and transit of contents down the small intestine loops was caused by the conduction of the proposed operative procedure.

[Study of hepatic function in patients with gastrointestinal anastomosis]. / Issledovanie funktsionalnogo sostoianiia pecheni u bolnykh s zheludochno-kishechnym anastomozom.

In 47 patients with gastric ulcer disease, the absorptive-excretive function of the liver after resection of the stomach was studied by means of bengal rosy radioactive (bengal-rose131I). All the patients examined demonstrated a decrease in the absorptive function of the liver, which was more pronounced in creation of Hofmeister-Finsterer anastomosis. In hepatography with the use of bengal-rose 131I, the insignificant disorders in the liver function were noted, which couldn't be detected by means of biochemical methods of investigation.

[Activity of alkaline phosphatase in the stomach content as a marker of function of gastrointestinal anastomosis after stomach resection]. / Aktivnost shchelochnoi fosfatazy soderzhimogo zheludka kak pokazatel funktsionirovaniia zheludochno-kishechnogo anastomoza posle rezektsii zheludka.

In 77 patients with gastric ulcer disease, the activity of alkaline phosphatase of gastric juice and its fractions was studied at the late period after resection of the stomach. Activity of thermolabile and thermostable fraction of alkaline phosphatase was the lowest in patients who underwent creation of transverse Billroth-II anastomosis, indicating that it was more physiologic as compared to Hofmeister--Finsterer modification of anastomosis in relation to the barrier (sphincter) function, and thus prevented reflux of the intestinal contents into the stomach.