[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance: similarities and differences; differential approach to therapy].

AIM: to study the clinical, functional and morphological features of the liver damage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in combination with the atherogenic dyslipidemia and/or insulin resistance, and treatment of these changes according to violations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 240 patients with clinical signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, who were gathering medical history, blood chemistry, lipid spectrum estimation blood, an oral glucose tolerance test, determination of Noma-test, transabdominal ultrasonography of abdominal organs, morphological study of liver with followed morphometric evaluation of the material. RESULTS: The patients with non-alcoholic fat liver disease transaminase levels were ranged from 1.5 to 5. Degree of morphological ethical changes depends on the non-alcoholic fat liver disease etiology, in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism was increased dyslipidemia. At patients with IR there were identified morphological changes such as presence of "vacyolelike" nuclei and anisocarosis. In patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia most characteristic histological change is the polymorphism of the nuclei. CONCLUSION: The clinical picture of non-alcoholic fat liver disease is unspecific, without reliable clinical distinction between groups of patients with dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance and patients with diabetes mellitus 2-nd type. Biochemical and morphological changes in the liver are most pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus 2-nd type. Treatment of the non-alcoholic fat liver disease should be taking into account of the disease etiology (the presence of dyslipidemia or insulin resistance).

[Metabolic syndrome in patients with gastrointestinal diseases].

AIM: To study gastrointestinal pathology in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination of 536 patients with MS and gastrointestinal diseases included clinical tests, biochemical hepatic tests, determination of blood lipid spectrum, x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, ultrasonic investigation of the liver, gall bladder and pancreas. 56 patients have undergone puncture biopsy of the liver. RESULTS: Esophageal, hepatic and biliary, pancreatic, colon diseases were detected in 72, 64, 18 and 74%, respectively. Clinical manifestations of these associated diseases had no definite symptoms and were characterized by cross-over syndromes. CONCLUSION: MS patients with gastrointestinal diseases showed polymorbidity. Treatment of the above diseases should be supplemented with drug correction of MS.

[Effects of single and chronic low-intensity irradiation in small doses on K+ transport in brain slices]. / Deistvie odnokratnogo i khronicheskogo oblucheniia v malykh dozakh na transport K+ v srezakh mozga.

Single and/or chronic X-ray low-intensity irradiation in doses from 0.01 up to 0.5 Gy invokes non-linear, oscillatory changes of K+ content in a native tissue of rat brain, and also of Na,K-pump activity in slices of rat brain cortex, incubated in vitro. It is found out that effects of separately taken equal doses of single and chronic exposure are of unequal means or of diverse directions. Thus the single irradiation is characterized by the lower degree of postradiation recovery processes.

[The effect of chronic x-ray radiation at low doses on the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in rat organs and tissues]. / Vliianie khronicheskogo rentgenovskogo izlucheniia v malykh dozakh na aktivnost' gamma-glutamiltranspeptidazy v organakh i tkaniakh krys.

Effect of chronic low dose X-ray irradiation (total doses of 2.58, 5.16, 6.46, 7.75, 10.32 and 12.92 mC/kg) on gamma-glytamyltranspeptidase activity was investigated in rat organs and tissues which were different by radiosensitivity. Enzymatic activity was measured one hour after exposure. The increase in enzymatic activity was found in brain, liver, lungs, spleen, blood serum and partially in kidneys under all exposure doses. Exposure to 2.58, 5.16 and 12.92 mC/kg inhibited gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in small intestines.

[The glutathione content and glutathione-S-transferase activity in the organs and blood of rats following chronic irradiation at low doses]. / Soderzhanie glutationa i aktivnost' glutation-S-transferazy v organakh i krovi krys posle khronicheskogo oblucheniia v malykh dozakh.

The effect of chronic low dose-rate irradiation with X-rays up to total doses of 2.58, 5.16, 6.46, 7.75, 10.32, 12.92 mC/kg on glutathione content and glutathione-S-transferase activity in Wistar rats organs, different by radiosensitivity, was studied 1 h after exposure. It has been shown that level of oxidized and reduced glutathione forms was not changed after exposure to 2.58 mC/kg, was enhanced in kidney and brain tissues after exposure to 5.16 and 6.46 mC/kg and was decreased in brain, lungs, small intestines and blood serum after ray exposures to higher doses. Inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase activity was found in liver, kidneys and spleen.

[The effect of low-level x-irradiation on the key enzymes of the active ion transport system in the cell]. / De ie rentgenovskogo oblucheniia v maloi doze na kliuchevye fermanty Deistvie rentgenovskogo oblucheniia v maloi doze na kliuchevye fermenty sistem aktivnogo transporta ionov v kletke.

A study was made of the effect of ionizing radiation (0.013 C/kg) on Na, K- and Ca, Mg-ATPase activity in membranes of rat organs differing in radiosensitivity. It was shown that radiation mainly caused activation of enzymes that was most pronounced in brain membranes.

[The action of radioprotectors on the systems of active ion transport. Na,K-ATPase]. / Deistvie radioprotektorov na sistemy aktivnogo transporta ionov. Na,K-ATFaza.

The in vivo and vitro studies have demonstrated that Na,K-ATPase activity in membranes of thymus, spleen, small intestine mucosa, liver, kidneys, and brain cortex of rats is inhibited by the effect of radioprotective agents: serotonin, dopamine, histamine, MEA, and AET.

[The action of ionizing radiation on neuronal function in the edible snail. Phospholipase A2 and the Na+ and K+ transport systems]. / Deistvie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na funktsional'noe sostoianie neironov vinogradnoi ulitki. Fosfolipaza A2 i sistemy transporta Na+ i K+.

A study was made of the influence of A2 phospholipase on 22Na release from cells of nerve ganglia of edible snail. The treatment of nerve ganglia with A2 phospholipase inhibits Na, K-pump of neuronal membranes and does not exert a substantial effects on Na/Ca metabolism. There is a similarity between the effects of ionizing radiation and A2 phospholipase on the release of 22Na from cells.

[The effect of ionizing radiation on the regulation of the Na,K-ATPase activity of the kidney by univalent cations]. / Vliianie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na reguliatsiiu aktivnosti Na,K-ATFazy pochek odnovalentnymi kationami.

The effect of ionizing radiation of 0.206 C/kg on the kinetics of activation of rat kidney Na,K-ATPase preparation by Na and K ions was studied as an index of possible qualitative and quantitative changes in the properties of the enzyme. Ionizing radiation was shown not only to increase the enzyme activity but also to change the optimal rate of ATP hydrolysis by Na,K-ATPase and to induce some differences in the shape of the curve for Na,K-ATPase dependence upon Na-sodium//potassium ion ratio in the incubation medium.

[Effect of ionizing radiation on the chemoreceptive properties of snail giant neurons. Correction by ATP and concanavalin A]. / Deistvie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na khemoretseptivnye svoistva gigantskikh neironov ulitki. Korrektsiia ATF i konkavalinom A.

Ionizing radiation was shown to reduce the membrane response to acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid and to modify the sensitivity of acetylcholine reactions to ouabain. The possibility was demonstrated of the postirradiation pharmacological correction of the neuronal membrane chemosensitivity by increasing the intracellular concentration of ATP and by the external application of concanavalin A. Possible mechanisms of action of ionizing radiation on the chemoreceptive properties of the neuronal membrane are discussed.

[Effect of ionizing radiation on the functional state of Helix pomatia neurons. Glucose metabolism and ATP levels]. / Deistvie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na funktsional'noe sostoianie neironov vinogradnoi ulitki. Obmen gliukozy i uroven' ATF.

The ATP level in nerve ganglia of Helix pomatia was shown to decrease 15 and 30 min, and 1 and 3 h following irradiation (5.16 C/kg). The decrease was maximum in 60 min. The absorption and utilization of glucose via a pentose-phosphate route and in the Krebs cycle did not substantially change. It is concluded that the energy supply of nerve cells under study is not responsible for the decrease in the ATP level.

[Effect of ionizing radiation on the functional state of Helix pomatia neurons. The systems of Na+ and K+ transport]. / Deistvie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na funktsional'noe sostoianie neironov vinogradnoi ulitki. Sistemy transporta Na+ i K+.

The influence of ionizing radiation (5.16 C/kg) on passive and active Na+ and K+ transfer within the giant neurons of edible snail (Helix pomatia) has been investigated. It has been shown that ionizing radiation increases passive permeability of membranes, inhibits active ion transport, changes the number and the affinity of functionally active Na+,K+-ATPase molecules. The authors discuss the mechanisms of action of ionizing radiation.

[Postradiation changes in the systems of active ion transport in the CNS. Na,K-ATPase]. / Postradiatsionnye izmeneniia sistem aktivnogo transporta ionov v TsNS. Na,K-ATFaza.

A study was made of the effects of irradiation with lethal (0.31 C/kg) and superlethal (12.9 C/kg) doses on Na,K-ATPase activity of various membrane formations in rat brain cortex. The results obtained indicated a significant increase in the activity of the enzyme at different times after irradiation.