[Spatial contrast sensitivity in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension]. / Prostranstvennaia kontrastnaia chuvstvitel'nost' pri otkrytougol'noi glaukome i oftal'mogipertenzii.

Up to now, there has not been a comparison of spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) in patients with primary and pseudoexfoliation open-angle glaucoma (POAG; PEG) and ophthalmic hypertension (OH). PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of SCS in patients with POAG, PEG (as well as in the paired eye without glaucoma) and OH. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work was performed in the period from 2011 to July 2017. Analytical, observational case-control study data was analyzed. The study included 1380 patients under dynamic observation; in accordance with inclusion and non-inclusion criteria, 290 patients (540 eyes) with POAG, PEG, OH, as well as healthy people were included in the study. SCS was measured using 'Zebra v 3.0' software developed by the laboratory of clinical physiology of vision named after S.V. Kravkova in collaboration with 'Astroinform SPE' LLC. Patients were shown vertical achromatic (black and white) and colored (red, green, and blue) gratings of specific spatial frequencies (0.5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 cycles/degree). Among the patients of the study, 243 (83%) were female and 47 (17%) were male. The average age of all patients at the time of inclusion in the study was 67.75 (62.8; 74.5); 67.84±8.7 years. RESULTS: The study revealed an increase of SCS in patients with OH and their tendency for a slight increase in the contralateral eye with unilateral PEG in comparison with measurements taken from patients of POAG and PEG groups. CONCLUSION: The revealed increase of SCS is likely to be a consequence of increased or preserved hemodynamic characteristics in the vessels of the eye and orbit in patients with hypertension and in the contralateral eye in unilateral glaucoma, as described in our previous publications. At the same time, generalized changes in the vascular wall in patients with 'PEG-' on the paired eye only predetermine a tendency for an increase of SCS indices.

[Changes in the ocular and orbital blood flow in patients with retinal detachment treated surgically]. / Izmeneniia krovotoka v sosudakh glaza i orbity u bol'nykh s otsloikoi setchatki pri ee operativnom lechenii.

Sixty-eight patients with dystrophic regmatogenic detachment of the retina and 78 controls with different clinical refraction were examined by triplex scanning of the eyeball. Bloodflow parameters in the orbital artery, central retinal artery, posterior short ciliary arteries were evaluated before and in various periods after the operation. Characteristics of the bloodflow in the ocular and orbital arteries in myopia, detachment of the retina in the presence of myopic and emmetropic refraction, proliferative vitreoretinopathy of various degrees and patterns of its progress during the postoperative period were determined and time course of bloodflow parameters evaluated in some types of interventions. Hemodynamic parameters of the orbital artery and posterior short ciliary arteries were significantly related to the degree of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and its postoperative progress.

[Systemic and local immunity in patients with diabetic retinopathy]. / Sistemnyi i mestnyi immunitet u bol'nykh s diabeticheskoi retinopatiei.

Total-systems and local immunity parameters were assessed in the lacrimal fluid of 118 patients with nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). Humoral and cellular immunity characteristics of the total-systems immunity were shifted and local immune homeostasis impaired. The most manifest changes were detected in patients with proliferative DR. The authors hypothesize a possible contribution of local immune disorders to the pathogenesis of DR.

[The significance of electrophysiological research on the eye in predicting the functional results of treating retinal detachment]. / Znachenie élektrofiziologicheskikh issledovanii glaza v prognozirovanii funktsional'nykh rezul'tatov lecheniia otsloiki setchatki.

Electrophysiologic examinations of the retina and optic nerve were carried out in 44 patients with extensive detachment of the retina involving the macular area. The aim of the research was to elucidate the possibility of predicting vision acuity recovery from electrophysiologic characteristics before and after surgery. Diagnostic value of various parameters was assessed. The capacity to reproduce electroretinogram rhythm was found to be the most informative prognostic criterion. Preoperative electroretinogram rhythm 25 Hz and higher permits expecting vision acuity recovery higher than 0.6 diopters.

[The indices from an electrophysiological study of the eye in herpetic lesion of the cornea]. / Pokazateli élektrofiziologicheskogo issledovaniia glaza pri gerpeticheskom porazhenii rogovitsy.

Electrophysiologic studies were conducted in 34 patients with herpetic lesions of the cornea (35 eyes with the active process and 33 clinically healthy fellow eyes). The control group included 30 healthy persons (60 eyes). In the control group, the threshold of electric sensitivity of the eye was 25.1 mcA, on the average. In the examined groups, it increases to 31.9 mcA (p less than 0.0017) in the group of patients with herpetic keratitis and to 28.7 mcA (p less than 0.05) in the group of patients with clinically healthy fellow eyes. The average value of optic nerve lability was 54.5 Hz in the control group. Reduced lability was recorded in group I--48.6 Hz (p less than 0.001) and in group II--52.6 Hz (p less than 0.02). No statistically significant differences in electrographic values were found. The electrophysiologic studies of eyes with localization of herpetic process in the cornea have shown the involvement of internal layers of the retina and the optic nerve into the pathological process. Similar changes appear in the clinically healthy fellow eyes as well, but to a lesser degree. The determination of the threshold of electric sensitivity and lability of the optic nerve can be used for diagnosing changes in internal layers of the retina and the optic nerve in herpetic keratitis.