Enhancing accuracy in brain stroke detection: Multi-layer perceptron with Adadelta, RMSProp and AdaMax optimizers.

The human brain is an extremely intricate and fascinating organ that is made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem and is protected by the skull. Brain stroke is recognized as a potentially fatal condition brought on by an unfavorable obstruction in the arteries supplying the brain. The severity of brain stroke may be reduced or controlled with its early prognosis to lessen the mortality rate and lead to good health. This paper proposed a technique to predict brain strokes with high accuracy. The model was constructed using data related to brain strokes. The aim of this work is to use Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) as a classification technique for stroke data and used multi-optimizers that include Adaptive moment estimation with Maximum (AdaMax), Root Mean Squared Propagation (RMSProp) and Adaptive learning rate method (Adadelta). The experiment shows RMSProp optimizer is best with a data training accuracy of 95.8% and a value for data testing accuracy of 94.9%. The novelty of work is to incorporate multiple optimizers alongside the MLP classifier which offers a comprehensive approach to stroke prediction, providing a more robust and accurate solution. The obtained results underscore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in enhancing the accuracy of brain stroke detection, thereby paving the way for potential advancements in medical diagnosis and treatment.

Determinants of default from pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in Kuwait.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of default from pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in Kuwait. DESIGN: Retrospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied all patients who were registered for pulmonary tuberculosis treatment between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012, and admitted into TB wards in El Rashid Center or treated in the outpatient clinic in TB Control Unit. RESULTS: There were 110 (11.5%) patients who defaulted from treatment. Fifty-six percent of those who defaulted did so in the first 2 months of treatment and 86.4% of them were still bacteriologically positive at the time of default. Key risk factors associated with noncompliance were male sex, low educational level, non-Kuwaiti nations, history of default, and history of concomitant diabetes mellitus, liver disease, or lung cancer. Multiple drug resistance was also associated with default from treatment. CONCLUSION: Default from treatment may be partially responsible for the persistent relatively high rates of tuberculosis in Kuwait. Health professionals and policy makers should ensure that all barriers to treatment are removed and that incentives are used to encourage treatment compliance.

Prevalence of obesity among adolescents (10 to 14 years) in Kuwait.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to find out the prevalence of obesity and overweight among intermediate school adolescents aged 10 to 14 years. The study comprised a multistage stratified random sample that included 5402 children (2657 males and 2745 females). They represent 12.7% of the total number of children between 10 and 14 years during the educational year 2005-2006. The weights and heights of adolescents were measured, from which the body mass index (BMI) was calculated, which is the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared (kg/m(2)). BMI values higher than 95 percentile were accepted as being obese and those in between 85 and 94 percentile were accepted as overweight. Dietary intake was assessed by the investigators using food exchange lists designed by American Diabetic Association and physical fitness was measured by modified Harvard step test. Data regarding monthly income of the chosen sample were collected from parents of those children. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescent Kuwaiti children aged 10 to 14 years was 30.7% and 14.6%, respectively. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among males was 29.3% and 14.9%, respectively (P < .001) and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among females was 32.1% and 14.2%, respectively (P < .001). High daily caloric intake by the obese and overweight children and physical inactivity was reported among the majority of them. Health education programs should be conducted to control this syndrome in order to prevent future risk of obesity-related disease, and physical activity programs should be incorporated in the schools. Any management plan for overweight and obese children should include 3 major components: diets, exercise, and family-based behavior and they should not be placed on restrictive diets because adequate calories are needed for proper growth.