Les goitres plongeants : particularites cliniques; radiologiques et therapeutiques

Introduction: Les goitres plongeants; devenus rares de nos jours; posent des problemes diagnostiques et chirurgicaux particuliers. Leur prise en charge est facilitee par l'apport de la tomodensitometrie permettant de planifier l'attitude therapeutique.Le but de ce travail est de preciser les modalites d'exploration et de prise en charge chirurgicale des goitres plongeants. Materiels et methodes : Nous rapportons une etude retrospective portant sur42 cas de goitre plongeant colliges sur une periode de 11 ans entre 2001 et 2011. Resultats : L'age moyen de nos patients etait de 56;9 ans (36-86 ans). Le sex-ratio etait de 0;13. La tumefaction basi-cervicale etait le motif de consultation le plus frequent; rapportee dans 74 des cas associee a des signes de compression oesotracheale dans 45 des cas.Une paralysie recurrentielle unilaterale a ete objectivee dans 3 cas.Une radiographie de thorax a montre un elargissement mediastinal dans 23 des cas avec deviation tracheale chez 63 des malades. Une TDM cervico-thoracique pratiquee dans 85 des cas a confirme le diagnostic. Le traitement chirurgical etait mene par voie cervicale exclusive chez tous les patients. Une paralysie recurentielle a ete observee dans 3 cas. Aucune hypoparathyroidie definitive n'a ete rapportee avec un reculmoyen de 24mois. Conclusion : Les goitres plongeants devenus rares du fait de la prise en charge plus precoce des nodules thyroidiens. Ils posent actuellement moins de difficultes therapeutiques. L'indication chirurgicale est toujours formelle devant le risque vital qu'ils posent

[Orbital complications of sinusitis]. / Les complications orbitaires des sinusites.

PURPOSE: Orbital complications of sinusitis are rare but serious, with potential functional and even fatal consequences. The purpose of this work is to study the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical features of the orbital complications of sinusitis, as well as the various treatment modalities and clinical course. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report the results of a retrospective study of 34 cases of orbital complications of sinusitis, collected between 1998 and 2009. RESULTS: Mean age was 19 years 3 months, with a clear male predominance. No predisposing factors were found. All patients presented with periorbital edema. In addition to periorbital edema, ophthalmological examination also revealed: proptosis in 19 patients, decreased visual acuity in eight patients and ocular motility disturbances in 10 patients. All patients underwent emergent facial CT, two patients underwent orbital ultrasound, and one underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Initial treatment was based on empiric intravenous antibiotic therapy. Orbital drainage was performed in 20 patients. Sinus drainage was performed in 16 patients (14 cases during the acute phase) with a middle meatotomy in all cases. The initial response was favorable in 97.5% of cases. One patient had a recurrence. Mean follow-up was 11 months. CONCLUSION: Orbital complications of sinusitis are a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Imaging helps guide management. Directed treatment and early management can improve mortality and morbidity.

Laryngocele à propos de 9 cas

La laryngocele est une pathologie rare. elle est definit par la dilatation progressive du saccule larynge. Le diagnostic est suspecte par l'examen clinique; sa prise en charge est encore discutee. nous rapportons une etude retrospective portant sur 9 patients ayant ete suivis et traites pour une laryngocele. La serie a ete colligee sur une periode de 14 ans; allant de 1998 a 2011. Six de nos patients avaient une laryngocele externe; deux patients avaient une laryngocele mixte et un patient avait une laryngocele interne. Une surinfection a ete notee chez trois patients realisant ainsi le tableau de pyolaryngocele. Tous les patients ont eu un examen clinique complet comportant un examen OrL et cervico-facial ainsi qu'un examen larynge au nasofibroscope. La tomodensitometrie cervicale a ete realisee de facon systematique. Huit de nos malades ont ete abordes par voie cervicale permettant une exerese complete du sac. Le recul moyen etait de 38 mois sans recidive. Toute laryngocele decouverte; doit etre traitee afin d'eviter les complications essentiellement locales pouvant mettre en jeu le pronostic vital. Les modalites therapeutiques dependent du type de la laryngocele

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: five cases and a literature review.

OBJECTIVE: In this retrospective study, we describe our experience in the diagnosis and management of rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM), a rapidly lethal fungal infection. METHODOLOGY: Between 1997 and 2007, five patients hospitalized for suspicion of RCM. Computed tomography was performed in all cases, and diagnosis was confirmed after anatomopathological or mycological examination. All patients underwent medical and surgical treatment. Follow-up was clinical and radiological with a mean period of 17 months. RESULTS: All patients were diabetic. Exophthalmia, rhinorrhea, and ophthalmoplegia were the most frequent symptoms observed. One patient had loss of visual acuity and another exhibited peripheral facial palsy. One patient had extensive hemifacial cutaneous necrosis. Nasal endoscopy revealed black necrotic lesions in one case, and another patient had a tumefaction localised in the left middle meatus. Necrotic lesions were most often found in the orbit, the maxillary and the ethmoidal sinuses on computed tomography (four cases for each site). One patient had thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus, and another had an intracranial extension. All patients were administered ordinary insulin and intravenous amphotericin B. Surgical debridement of the nasal cavity and the involved sinuses was performed through lateral rhinotomy (four cases) or endoscopy (one case). Unilateral orbital exenteration was associated in two cases. Progression was favourable in four cases; one patient died from sepsis despite aggressive treatment. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis is crucial for the management of RCM. Treatment of underlying disorders, use of intravenous amphotericin B, and aggressive surgical intervention are key in reducing morbidity and mortality rates.

Cartilage graft in type I tympanoplasty: audiological and otological outcome.

The aim of this study is to evaluate anatomical and audiological results of cartilage tympanoplasty compared to fascia tympanoplasty in the reconstruction of tympanic membrane perforations. We carry a retrospective study about 380 patients operated in our department between 1998 and 2005. Patients were classified into two groups: 90 (23.6%) undergo cartilage tympanoplasty and 290 (76.4%) fascia tympanoplasty. In each group, we calculated the average of pre and postoperative air bone gap (ABG) and the average air conduction gain (ACG) at 250-4,000 Hz. The surgical technique is explained in detail. We detail and analyze the audiological and anatomical results in each group. Successful closure of the tympanic membrane perforation was achieved in 97% of the cartilage group as compared to 94% of the fascia group. The average ACG was 21 +/- 11 dB in cartilage group and 20 +/- 22 dB in fascia group. With an average follow-up of 2 years, residual perforation was observed in 2.2% in cartilage group. Reperforation of fascia graft and retraction were noted in 2.1 and 1%, respectively. The authors show the great reliability of cartilage tympanoplasty to close tympanic membrane perforations. We recommend using cartilage as a first choice, especially in stable or evolutive chronic otitis media, and in recurrent perforation of the tympanic membrane.

Le kyste de la vallecule a propos de 2 observations

Le kyste de la vallecule est une malformation laryngee rare pouvant parfois mettre en jeu le pronostic vital. Diagnostique et traite a temps; le risque de complications et de morbidite peut etre ecarte. Les auteurs rapportent 2 cas de kystes de la vallecule. La tomodensitometrie a confirme la presence d'une formation kystique prenant origine au niveau de la vallecule. Une laryngoscopie directe a ete faite pour les 2 patients sous anesthesie generale. Le premier malade a eu une resection endoscopique complete du kyste et le 2eme une large marsupialisation au Laser. L'examen anatomopathologique a confirme la benignite de la formation kystique dans les 2 cas

[Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. What's the appropriate management?]. / La surdite brusque. Quelle prise en charge therapeutique?

BACKGROUND: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss remains a challenge in otology. Controverses affect mainly etiopathogeny and treatment. AIM: To evaluate our experience in the diagnosis and the treatment of sudden hearing loss METHODS: We report a retrospective study, including 30 patients presenting a Sudden sensorineural hearing loss. All patients were hospitalized for treatment. The audiometry evaluated the hearing deafness before and after treatment. RESULTS: The average age was of 48 years. In all the cases no etiology has been found. All The patients were hospitalized and corticotherapy was administrated in all cases. It was associated to hyperbare oxygenotherapy in 7 patients. Recovery was observed mainly in patients with moderate (71.4%) and severe hearing deficiency (69.2%). CONCLUSION: Corticosteroids are the less controversed treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Prise en charge de l'hyperparathyroide primaire : a propos de 25 cas et revue de la litterature

Objectif : Les auteurs rapportent leur experience dans la prise en charge de l'hyperparathyroidie primaire (HPTP) et comparent leurs resultats par rapport aux donnees de la litterature en discutant les avantages potentiels des differentes techniques chirurgicales. Materiel et methodes : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective a propos de 25 patients colli-ges sur 8 ans (1998-2005). Tous les patients ont beneficie d'une echographie cervicale; d'un bilan renal et d'un dosage de la calcemie et de la parathormonemie (PTH). Une TDM cervicale a ete pratiquee dans 8 cas et une IRM dans 3 cas. Une scintigraphie a la tetrofosmine a ete realisee dans 10 cas; et a double isotope (thallium 201-technetium 99) dans 2 cas. Une cervicotomie avec exploration bilaterale systematique des 2 loges thyroidiennes a ete pratiquee dans tous les cas. En postoperatoire; la surveillance a ete clinique et biologique avec un recul moyen de 22 mois. Resultats : La calcemie etait elevee chez 23 patients et la PTH dans tous les cas. L'echographie a detecte une hypertrophie d'une glande parathyroide chez 14 patients (56) et de 2 glandes chez 1 seul patient. La TDM cervicale a permis de localiser la lesion dans 5 cas. L'IRM etait normale dans les 3 cas ou elle a ete pratiquee. La scintigraphie a montre une hyperfixation dans 8 cas. Une exerese d'adenomes a ete pratiquee dans 92 et une parathyroidectomie subtotale dans 8 des cas. Le taux de guerison etait de 88 apres premiere intervention. Une reprise chirurgicale avec exerese d'adenome a ete pratiquee chez 2 patients (8). Par ailleurs aucune complication n'a ete notee en postopera-toire. Conclusion : La chirurgie parathyroidienne classique donne de bons resultats avec des taux de guerison eleves et un taux de morbidite global faible. Ces resultats sont comparables avec ceux de la litterature. La chirurgie mini-invasive donne des resultats semblables mais impose des imperatifs techniques; une imagerie performante et des patients rigoureusement selectionnes

[Cervical lymph node involvement in carcinomas of the mobile tongue in Tunisia. Retrospective study of 135 cases]. / Envahissement ganglionnaire dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes de la langue mobile (CELM) en Tunisie.

OBJECTIVE: To report the profile of histologic cervical nodes involvement associated with mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our retrospective study concerned patients treated from 1978 to 1998 by cervical neck dissection for mobile tongue carcinoma. RESULTS: A population of 135 patients (90 M/45 F, sex-ratio 2) with a 53.5 mean age (19 to 75) is analyzed. Clinical palpable nodes were present in 68 cases (50%) mainly submental-submaxillar (54). Histologic examination showed a node involvement in 54 cases without (32 cases) or with capsular rupture (22 cases) mainly in the jugulo-carotidian chain (46/54). Among the 67 clinically N0 patients collected after 1990, 22 patients (33%) exhibited an histological involvement vs 32/68 (47%) for the group presenting palpable cervical nodes for the whole period. Histologic node involvement seemed to be linked to the clinical status, node size and TNM stage. CONCLUSION: Cervical lymph node treatment needs to be systematic in mobile tongue carcinoma. The probability of histologic involvement is linked to the loco-regional extent of disease and influences the prognosis. In N0 patients, neck dissection is required because of the frequency of histological involvement, particularly when loss to follow-up may be expected.

[Mucous malignant melanoma of the neck and face. Experience at the Salah Azaiz Institute (Tunis)]. / Mélanomes malins muqueux cervico-faciaux. Expérience de l'Institut Salah Azaiz (Tunis).

The mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is rare and of late diagnosis. This retrospective study concerns 17 cases brought together in 30 years. Sex-ratio was of 1.1, the average age of 58 years. Tumoral seats were the following ones: nasal cavity and paranasal sinus (n = 10), nasopharyngeal cavity (n = 2), gingival seat (n = 2), palate (n = 1), laryngeal seat (n = 1), middle ear (n = 1). Tumoral extension was classified an follows: stage I: 52.9%, stage II: 17.6%, stage III: 29.4%. Melanomas were achromic in 23.5% of cases. On the therapeutic plan, 47.1% of the patients were treated in a purpose palliative because of the importance of the tumoral extension. Seven patients (41.2%) were treated surgically; three among them received an additional radiotherapy for an insufficient tumoral excision or adenopathy in break capsular. Two patients (11.8%) were treated by exclusive radiotherapy. The rates of survival were 17.6% in 2 years, and 5.9% in 5 years. The average duration of survival was of 18.1 months. The causes of failure were essentially local and metastatic.

[Spontaneous cerebrospinal rhinorrhea: role of computerized opaque cisternography]. / Rhinorrhée cérébro-spinale spontanée: place de la cisternographie opaque computérisée.

Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea, secondary to trauma in the great majority of cases, is very rare (3-4%). The authors report a case of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea secondary to an ethmoidal osteodural defect, diagnosed by digital cisternography and confirmed by the surgical operation. The value of digital opaque cisternography and its place in the diagnostic arsenal are discussed.