Colorectal schistosomiasis: Is it still endemic in delta Egypt, early in the third millennium?

BACKGROUND: Several governmental efforts have been exerted toward controlling schistosomiasis during the last decades in Egypt. This work was designed to study the prevalence of colorectal schistosomiasis in patients with different gastrointestinal symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients presented to the gastroenterology unit with different gastrointestinal symptoms were endoscopically examined, where three to six tiny biopsies were taken from those with visible, suspected schistosomal lesions for histopathological examination and two additional rectal biopsies were taken from the apparently normal colonic mucosa. Form each patient, at least three stool samples were examined by the formal-ether concentration method for schistosoma ova. RESULTS: Colonic abnormalities were detected in 510 out of 984 patients presented with different gut symptoms. Schistosoma mansoni was detected in 205 patients (180 males, 25 females) with an age range (18-65years). Six patients only had schistosomal polyps and excised successfully by snare polypectomy. The squash technique established the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in all endoscopically normal 118 (50.75%) cases by demonstrating the schistosomiasis ova and their associated histopathological findings showed no or minimal reaction in 96 (46.82%) cases and variable degrees of submucosal granulomata in the remaining cases. Stool examination detected the schistosomiasis ova in 25 (9.83%) patients only of the biopsy-positive cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our data revealed that despite governmental efforts, the prevalence of colorectal schistosomiasis (20.83%) is significant among patients with gut symptoms. Gaps in health care services should be detected and filled appropriately.

Role of combined L-arginine and prostaglandin E1 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: L-Arginine (L-arg) and Prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) have been used effectively as single agents to ameliorate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that combined treatment with L-arg and PGE(1 )would be more effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The left renal artery of male Sprague-Dawley rats was clamped for 45 min and the right kidney was removed. Fifty six rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups each consisted of 12 rats except sham group (n = 8). (1) sham, underwent right nephrectomy only; (2) control, untreated ischemic rats; (3) L-arg group, L-arg-treated ischemic rats; (4) PGE(1) group, PGE(1)-treated ischemic rats; (5) L-arg+PGE(1) group, ischemic rats treated with both L-arg and PGE(1). Renal function and histology were assessed on days 2 and 7 postoperatively. RESULTS: All rats, except control ones, showed a significant improvement of renal function towards normal on postoperative day 7. Serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were significantly better in L-arg+PGE(1) group compared to all other groups on day 7. With the exception of sham-operated and L-arg+PGE(1)-treated animals, all other groups showed significant increases in fractional excretion of sodium (FE(Na)) in response to renal ischemia-reperfusion. The severest tubular damage was determined in the kidneys of control rats. Rats treated with L-arg+PGE(1) had the least severe tubular damage. CONCLUSION: The administration of either L-arg or PGE(1) attenuates both functional and structural consequences of renal warm ischemia. A near total protection might be achieved when both agents are administered concomitantly.