Non-deteriorative eco-friendly water-saving tactic for removal of vegetable matters from wool fleece using xylanase and cellulase.

The carbonization of wool fleece (WF) is conducted to remove the adhered vegetable matter (VM) from contaminated WF using sulfuric acid, followed by drying and backing. This process has a deteriorative effect on WF and requires a tremendous quantity of water for rinsing WF after carbonization to remove any H2SO4 residuals. Herein, we propose an alternative eco-friendly water-saving process for the removal of VM from WF using enzymes. Cellulase-containing xylanase from the fungus Aspergillus terreus, and cellulase-free xylanase from the fungus Aspergillus flavus AW1 were used to remove the VM from WF. The effect of some process parameters on the amount of the removed VM was assessed. Alkali solubility as well as sulfur and cystine content were used to follow the alteration in the chemistry of the bio-treated WF. The fiber morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The dyeability of the treated WF towards acid, reactive, and basic dyes was monitored. The results revealed that the removal of the VM from WF by applying the examined enzymes was effective and could be an appropriate, non-destructive, eco-friendly water-saving substitute to the conventional carbonization procedures. By virtue of enzyme specificity, the proposed process removed the VM without deteriorating the fiber.

Involvement of silver and palladium with red peanuts skin extract for cotton functionalization.

A systematic study is currently demonstrated approach for approving the superior role of silver and palladium metallic particles in acting the role of mordant with acquiring the dyed cotton fabrics excellence in color fastness with additional functions of antimicrobial potentiality and UV-protection action. Whereas, samples were dyed with extract of red peanuts skin as natural textile colorant (RPN dye). The represented data revealed that, in absence of mordant, the samples treated with metal precursors prior to dyeing were exhibited with the excellent color strength, color fastness, antimicrobial action and UV-protection action. Color fastness (washing, rubbing and light fastness) was estimated to be in the range of very good-excellent. Sample pretreated with silver salt and dyed in the absence of mordant was graded with excellent UV-protection action (UPF 31.5, UVB T% 2.6% and UVB blocking percent 97.4%). Antimicrobial potency against E. coli, S. aureus and Candida albicans through inhibition zone and the reduction percent was approved to be in the range of excellence (93.01-99.51%) for the samples dyed in absence of mordant and pretreated with either silver or palladium precursors.

Self-assembled AuNPs for ingrain pigmentation of silk fabrics with antibacterial potency.

Nanogold was self-assembled for ingrain pigmentation of silk fabric with antibacterial properties. The functional groups of silk macromolecular polymeric chains were exploited for generation and stabilization of nanogold. Hydrogen peroxide was used for activation of silk molecular chains through increasing their reactivity and accessibility to be functionalized as manufacturer of nanogold without using any external agents. Effect of procedure sequencing was studied through addition of peroxide firstly (group A) and with Au salt (group B). Self-assembly of nanogold inside fabric was confirmed by electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and absorbance spectra. The particle size of the nanogold within fabric was estimated to be in range of 22-66nm (group A) and 18-49nm (group B). Due to LSPR of nanogold, silk fabrics were acquired violet color with good fastness properties. In distilled water and artificial sweat, 33.5-41.0% and 46.2-50.4% of Au was leached out from silk fabric, respectively after 24h. Very good antibacterial properties were estimated for ingrain colored fabric against E. coli and S. aureus via using the optical density measurements. Quite simplicity, timelessness and energy saving are advantages which were realized in the current work for silk functionalization.

Green technology for durable finishing of viscose fibers via self-formation of AuNPs.

Sensitivity of dyes' colors to the surrounding environment causes lower durability and stability of color, which reflects the importance of durable finishing treatment. Current technique offered antimicrobial/durable finishing of viscose fibers through direct formation of AuNPs inside fibers macromolecules without using any external agents. By using the reducing properties of cellulose in viscose, Au+3 was reduced to AuNPs and CHO/OH of cellulose subsequently were oxidized to COOH. For comparison, two different media were used; aqueous and alkaline. Increasing the reactivity and accessibility of cellulose macromolecules in alkali leaded to enlargement of the reduction process and more incorporation of AuNPs. Size of AuNPs inside fiber was recorded to be in range of 22-112nm and 14-100nm, in case of using aqueous and alkaline medium, respectively. Structure and properties of fibers were not changed by treatment according to XRD and ATR-FTIR data. The treated fibers were acquired durable violet color by the action of LSPR for AuNPs and darker color obtained using higher Au+3 concentration. The treated fibers exhibited good inhibition against different pathogenic microbes including bacteria and fungi. One-pot, quite simple, inexpensive, green and industrial viable are the significant advantages of the current technique for viscose finishing (pigmentation and antimicrobial action).