Isolation and characterization of human amniotic fluid and SH-SY5Y/ BE(2)-M17 cell derived exosomes.

The application of stem cells as a therapy for degenerative disease holds great promise. Substantial evidence suggests that stem cell derived exosomes are a novel cell-free therapy for the corresponding cells. Exosomes are less complex as compared to their parental cells, due to the fewer number of membrane proteins. In addition, the smaller size and lower risk of immunogenicity makes exosomes potentially safe therapeutic nano-carriers. A large number of ongoing research studies are focused on characterizing exosomes that were derived from different sources, for their potential use in various therapeutic applications. In the present study, we focused on characterizing human amniotic fluid stem cell derived exosomes for future therapeutic applications, such as paracrine therapy/nano carrier. In addition, we characterized exosomes derived from SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 cells, which are a known neuronal model, for further characteristic analyses of neuronal differentiation and neurobiology. Finally, we compared various exosome isolation techniques and procedures and evaluated exosome yield.

Radiation-induced nausea and vomiting: Is ABO blood group as important as radiation and patient-related factors? An observational study.

Despite the improvements in cancer screening and treatment, it still remains as one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Nausea and vomiting as the side effects of different cancer treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy, are multifactorial and could affect the treatment continuation and patient quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the possible linkage between ABO blood groups and radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV), also its incidence and affecting factors.One hundred twenty-eight patients referring to Tohid hospital of Sanandaj, Iran, were selected and the patients and treatment-related factors were determined in a cross-sectional study. Patients' nausea and vomiting were recorded from the onset of treatment until 1 week after treatment accomplishment. Also, previous possible nausea and vomiting were recorded. The frequencies of nausea and vomiting and their peak time were examined during the treatment period.The association between ABO blood group and the incidence of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) were significant and it seems that A blood group patients are the most vulnerable individuals to these symptoms. The association between Rhesus antigen and the time of maximum severity of RINV may indicate that Rhesus antigen affects the time of maximum severity of RINV. The incidence of RINV was not affected by karnofsky performance status, but it was related to the severity of RINV. Furthermore, among the factors affecting the incidence of nausea and vomiting, nausea and vomiting during patient's previous chemotherapy, radiotherapy region, and background gastrointestinal disease were shown to be three important factors.In addition to familiar RINV-affecting factors, ABO blood group may play an important role and these results address the needs for further studies with larger sample size.

Is Radiosensitivity Associated to Different Types of Blood Groups? (A cytogenetic study).

Many biological factors affect radiosensitivity. In this study, radiosensitivity among the different blood groups was investigated. Peripheral blood sample of 95 healthy people were divided into two parts. One part was irradiated with 2 Gy Co-60 gamma rays and the second one was considered as control. Then all the samples were studied by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN assay). Our study showed that the radiosensitivity index of A+ and O+ groups was significantly higher and lower than other blood groups, respectively. It seems that blood type can be used as a radiosensitivity index for determining the given dose to radiotherapy, although extensive studies are necessary.

The study of radiosensitivity in left handed compared to right handed healthy women.

BACKGROUND: Radiosensitivity is an inheriting trait that mainly depends on genetic factors. it is well known in similar dose of ionizing radiation and identical biological characteristics 9-10 percent of normal population have higher radiation response. Some reports indicate that distribution of breast cancer, immune diseases including autoimmune diseases as example lupus, Myasthenia Gravies and even the rate of allergy are more frequent in left handed individuals compared to right handed individuals. The main goal of the present study is determination of radiosensitivity in left handed compared to right handed in healthy women by cytokinesis blocked micronuclei [CBMN] assay.5 ml peripheral fresh blood sample was taken from 100 healthy women including 60 right handed and 40 left handed. The age of participants was between 20-25 old years and they had been matched by sex. After blood sampling, blood samples were divided to 2 groups including irradiated and non-irradiated lymphocytes that irradiated lymphocytes were exposed to 2 Gy CO-60 Gama rays source then chromosomal aberrations was analyzed by CBMN [Cytokinesis Blocked Micronuclei Assay]. RESULTS: Our results have shown radiosensitivity index [RI] in left-handers compared to right-handers is higher. Furthermore, the mean MN frequency is elevated in irradiated lymphocytes of left-handers in comparison with right-handers. CONCLUSION: Our results from CBMN assay have shown radiosensitivity in the left handed is higher than right handed women but more attempts need to prove this hypothesis.

Is there association between handedness and radiosensitivity in breast cancer women?

Radiosensitivity is a biological response to radiation. This response depends on many factors such as radiation factors as well as biological system factors. It is shown that identical doses of radiation for the treatment of Cancer patients produce different biological responses that are assumed to be depend on different specifications of the biological systems. However, by elimination of these factors, people may still show different biological responses such as acute and low responses to radiotherapy in similar doses of radiation. Some reports indicate that breast cancer, immune diseases including autoimmune diseases such as lupus, Myasthenia Gravies and even the rate of allergy are more frequent in left-handed compared to right-handed individuals. The main goal of the present study is determination of radiosensitivity in left-handed compared to right-handed in breast cancer women by cytogenetic assay. Peripheral venous blood samples (10 ml) of 30 breast cancer women (10 left- and 20 right-handed) were divided into two identical parts. One part is exposed to 2 Gy Co-60 gamma rays, and the second part is considered as non-exposed controls. Lymphocytes were cultured in standard media, and cytokinesis blocked to score micronuclei in bi-nucleated cells. The frequency of micronuclei in 1,000 cells in each sample is considered as the rate of radiosensitivity and was compared in left- and right-handed breast cancer women by appropriate statistical analysis. Results showed that radiosensitivity index in left-handers is higher than right-handers also mean frequency of MN in exposed group of left-handers compare to right-handers is elevated. It seems that left-handed breast cancer women are more radiosensitive than right-handed. More investigations on right- and left-handed healthy people are ongoing in our laboratory.