Update on imaging of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a multisystem, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder with numerous musculoskeletal manifestations. Involvement of the cervical spine is common and may result in severe complications due to synovitis, erosions, pannus formation, spinal instability and ankylosis. The purpose of this article is to review the current role of imaging in the rheumatoid spine, with emphasis on radiographs and MRI.

Bilateral gluteus medius and minimus calcific tendonitis in a patient with previous bilateral calcific tendonitis of the shoulder: A case report.

Calcific tendonitis of the gluteus medius and minimus tendons is a rare complication of hydroxyapatite deposition disease, with bilateral involvement even more so. Although patients can be asymptomatic, there is often an acute-on-chronic presentation of pain. We present a case of bilateral calcific tendonitis of the gluteus medius and minimus tendons on a background of previous bilateral rotator cuff calcific tendonitis in a middle-aged woman. This patient's long-standing history of multi-focal involvement required a multidisciplinary approach between orthopedics, rheumatology, and musculoskeletal radiology for optimal management, requiring different treatment options for different affected sites.

Symptomatic nodular myopathy: an atypical presentation of sarcoidosis.

Symptomatic myopathy is a very rare extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis that may not be readily recognised in the absence of a known history of sarcoid. Nodular myopathy is the most uncommon subtype of musclar sarcoidosis and, when encountered, establishing the diagnosis can be challenging. We present a case of symptomatic nodular myopathy as a first presentation of sarcoidosis in a young man who required a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose. The patient presented to our radiology department following a short period of flu-like illness and multiple soft tissue lesions. Biopsy of the lesions demonstrated noncaseating granulomata, and a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established after important differential diagnoses were excluded. We present a literature review of sarcoid-related myopathy and the multimodality imaging characteristics of the different subtypes.

An update on the imaging of diaphyseal aclasis.

Solitary osteochondromas are common, benign hyaline cartilage-capped exostoses that primarily arise from the metaphyses of long and flat bones. Diaphyseal aclasis is an autosomal dominant condition resulting from EXT1 or EXT2 gene mutations and is characterized by multifocal osteochondromas. These can result in a wide spectrum of complications, such as skeletal deformity, neurological and vascular complications, adventitial bursa formation, fracture, and rarely malignant transformation to peripheral chondrosarcoma. In this review, we outline in detail the multimodality imaging features of DA and its associated complications.

Rare case of adult-onset phalangeal microgeodic syndrome of the feet.

Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome (PMS) is a rare condition typically affecting children and is characterised by painful digits precipitated by cold temperatures. In medical literature, cases appear to be clustered in Japan. Adult-onset PMS is particularly rare and although imaging features are characteristic, it may go undiagnosed, as it is not commonly encountered. We present, to our knowledge, the fifth reported case in the literature of adult PMS, the second to affect the feet rather than hands, and the first in a Caucasian adult patient. This case report aims to raise awareness of this likely underdiagnosed condition to allow optimal management and avoidance of unnecessary diagnostic procedures.

Two Cases of Primary Testicular Lymphoma Presenting with Direct Spread along the Spermatic Cord and Gonadal Vessels.

Primary testicular lymphoma is a rare testicular neoplasm that mainly affects elderly patients, with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) being a known risk factor in the younger population. Approximately 20% of patients will have disseminated disease with extra-nodal involvement at clinical presentation. Rarely, direct spread along the spermatic cord and gonadal vessels can occur and has been described in the literature. We present two cases of this phenomenon where the primary testicular tumour has spread along the gonadal vein to its origin at the inferior vena cava.