Effects of aromatase inhibitors and body mass index on steroid hormone levels in women with early and advanced breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are central to the management of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in the adjuvant and metastatic setting. Levels of circulating steroid hormones (SHs) were measured in patients established on AIs to investigate: the influence of body mass index (BMI) in both the adjuvant and metastatic setting; the class of AI utilized in the adjuvant setting (steroidal versus non-steroidal); and differences in SH levels between women treated adjuvantly and those receiving a second-line AI for locally advanced/metastatic disease. METHODS: Plasma levels of androstenedione, 5-androstene-3ß,17ß-diol, dehydroepiandrosterone, oestradiol and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in women with breast cancer who were receiving AIs in either an adjuvant or a metastatic setting. Differences between mean SH levels by class of AI, BMI, and second-line versus adjuvant therapy were assessed. RESULTS: Sixty-four women were receiving AI therapy, 45 (70 per cent) in an adjuvant setting and 19 (30 per cent) were taking a second-line AI. There was no significant correlation between BMI and SH levels. However, BMI was significantly higher in the second-line AI cohort compared with the adjuvant cohort (29.8 versus 26.2 kg/m2 respectively; P = 0.026). In the adjuvant setting, patients receiving a steroidal AI had significantly higher levels of all five hormones (P < 0.050). In the second-line AI cohort, oestradiol levels were significantly higher than in the adjuvant cohort (4.5 versus 3.3 pg/ml respectively; P = 0.022). Multivariable analysis adjusted for BMI confirmed the higher residual oestradiol level in the second-line AI group (P = 0.063) and a significantly higher androstenedione level (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Residual levels of SH were not significantly influenced by BMI. However, the significant differences in residual SH levels between the second-line and adjuvant AI cohort is of relevance in the context of resistance to AI therapy, and warrants further investigation.

Comparative study of analgesic efficacy and morphine-sparing effect of intramuscular dexketoprofen trometamol with ketoprofen or placebo after major orthopaedic surgery.

AIMS: Multimodal analgesia is thought to produce balanced and effective postoperative pain control. A combined therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opiates could result in synergistic analgesia by acting through different mechanisms. Currently there are very few parenterally administered NSAIDs suitable for the immediate postoperative period. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the analgesic efficacy, relative potency, and safety of parenteral dexketoprofen trometamol following major orthopaedic surgery. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-two patients elected for prosthetic surgery, were randomized to receive two intramuscular injections (12 hourly) of either dexketoprofen 50 mg, ketoprofen 100 mg or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Postoperatively, the patient's pain was stabilized, then they were connected to a patient- controlled analgesia system (PCA) of morphine for 24 h (1 mg with 5 min lockout). RESULTS: The mean cumulative amount of morphine (CAM) used was of 39 mg in the dexketoprofen group and 45 mg in the ketoprofen group vs 64 mg in the placebo group. (Reduction in morphine use was approximately one-third between the active compounds compared with placebo (adjusted mean difference of -25 mg between dexketoprofen and placebo and -23 mg between ketoprofen and placebo. These differences were statistically significant: P

Hospital patient satisfaction: correlates, dimensionality, and determinants.

This paper investigates the correlates, dimensionality, and determinants of patient satisfaction in the hospital health care encounter. All of the individual hospital characteristics assessed were found to be significantly related to patient satisfaction. The findings suggest that patients evaluate hospital service quality along four distinct dimensions. The relative importance of these four factors in predicting overall satisfaction, in descending order, is: (1) physician/capabilities, (2) nurses/staff, (3) amenities, and (4) accessibility. In combination, these four factors explain 63 percent of overall patient satisfaction.

Service quality in the health care industry: how are hospitals evaluated by the general public?

This paper investigates the "expectations" aspect of service quality in the health care industry. Specifically, an examination is made of the importance of various hospital characteristics to consumers, the dimensionality of service quality, and the relative importance of these dimensions across demographic groups. The results suggest that the competency and the behavior of physicians are the most important characteristics in the minds of consumers. Moreover, it was found that hospitals are evaluated along: (1) interpersonal, (2) amenities, (3) capabilities, and (4) accessibility dimensions. These findings are consistent with previous research in this regard. Additionally, significant differences in the importance of these factors were found across respondent gender, age, income, and education.