Hemorragia masiva: una complicación tardía del reemplazo de la gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea. A propósito de un caso / Massive hemorrhage: a late complication of replacement percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: case report

La gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea (GEP) se utiliza como alternativa de la alimentación enteral/nasoenteral en situaciones en las que la alimentación por vía oral a largo plazo no es eficaz o no se tolera. Se prefiere principalmente en pacientes con afecciones neurológicas y, además, como apoyo de la nutrición en pacientes con enfermedades cardíacas congénitas, fibrosis quística, enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria y diversas enfermedades orofaríngeas. Si bien la colocación es sencilla en comparación con muchos procedimientos invasivos, presenta complicaciones, que incluyen desde la infección de la herida hasta la muerte. La GEP exige personal médico experimentado, antibióticos profilácticos adecuados e información exhaustiva para los pacientes o sus familias sobre el procedimiento y los cuidados posteriores. Presentamos una complicación rara, aunque importante, que surgió durante el reemplazo de la sonda de gastrostomía después del método de "corte y empuje". El tope, que debe llegar hasta el extremo distal del estómago, se desplazó hacia arriba, hasta el esófago proximal, y causó una úlcera profunda en la mucosa esofágica y una hemorragia masiva.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is used as an alternative to enteral/nasoenteral feeding in situations where long-term oral feeding is ineffective or not tolerated. It is mostly preferred in patients with neurological conditions and also to support nutrition in patients with congenital heart diseases, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and various oropharyngeal diseases. Although it is easily applicable compared to many invasive procedures, it has complications ranging from wound infection to death. PEG requires experienced medical personnel, appropriate prophylactic antibiotics and exhaustive information to the patients or their families about the procedure and subsequent care. We present a rare but important complication during the replacement of the gastrostomy tube subsequent to the "cut and push" method. The bumper portions, which should move to the distal end of the stomach, moved upwards to the proximal esophagus, caused a deep ulcer in the esophageal mucosa and a massive hemorrhage.

Investigation of cardiomyopathy in children with cirrhotic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCMP) is a functional disorder characterized by electrophysiological disturbances, and diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction in patients with liver disease. This disorder is a well-defined entity in adults, but pediatric data are limited. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, features, and risk factors of CCMP in children with portal hypertension (PHT). METHODS: This study included 50 children with cirrhotic PHT (40/50) and noncirrhotic PHT (10/50). Fifty healthy children were also selected for the control group. Electrocardiography and echocardiography were used to evaluate cardiac functions. Corrected QT (QTc) ≥ 0.45 was accepted as prolonged on electrocardiography. The study group was divided into 3 groups: cirrhotic, noncirrhotic, and control. Then, the CCMP group was created according to the diagnostic criteria. Latent CCMP was diagnosed in the presence of prolonged-QTc along with a minor criterion (tachycardia). Manifest CCMP was diagnosed in the presence of at least 2 major criteria (prolonged-QTc along with abnormal echocardiographic findings). Moreover, in this study, the risk factors for CCMP were investigated. RESULTS: The CCMP group included 10 cases (20%). Nine of these cases had latent CCMP (18%), and the remaining one (2%) had manifest CCMP. All of the cases with CCMP had cirrhosis and ascites. None of the patients with CCMP had severe cardiac symptoms, but they were already using some cardioprotective drugs such as propanolol and spironolactone. As risk factors for CCMP, pediatric end-stage liver disease scores, Child-Pugh scores, and ascites grades were found to be significant for the determination of CCMP. The most important risk factor was ascites severity (P = 0.001, odds ratio 9.4). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 20% of children with PHT have CCMP. A detailed cardiac examination should be carried out periodically in children with cirrhotic PHT, especially in the presence of ascites and high Child-Pugh score.