Efficacy Analysis of Endoscopic-Assisted Traditional Surgery and Traditional Surgery for Sinonasal Malignant Melanoma.

Object: To analyze the effect of traditional surgery and endoscope-assisted traditional surgery on patients with sinonasal malignant melanoma (SMM), and to explore the effective treatment of SMM. Methods: The clinicopathological data and surgical methods of 47 patients with SMM, diagnosed in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from October 2000 to June 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 26 cases were treated with traditional surgery, and 21 cases were treated with endoscope-assisted traditional surgery. The 3 and 5 year local recurrence and survival rates were monitored and compared. Results: The 3 year local recurrence rate was compared between the 2 groups: χ2 = 5.4558, P = .020 (P < .05), the endoscope-assisted traditional surgery group had a lower 3 year local recurrence rate. The 3 year survival rate was compared between the 2 groups: χ2 = 1.0231, P = .312 (P > .05), the difference in 3 year survival was not significant between the 2 groups. The 5 year local recurrence rate was compared between the 2 groups: χ2 = 4.4052, P = .036 (P < .05), the endoscope-assisted traditional surgery group had a lower 5 year local recurrence rate. The 5 year survival rate was compared between the 2 groups: χ2 = 4.3085, P = .038 (P < .05), the endoscope-assisted traditional surgery group had a higher 5 year survival rate. Therefore, there were significant differences in the local recurrence rates at 3 and 5 years, as well as the 5 year survival rate, between endoscope-assisted traditional surgery and traditional surgery in the treatment of SMM. Conclusion: Endoscope-assisted traditional surgery can remove local lesions of SMM more completely, reduce the local recurrence rate, and improve the 5 year survival rate of patients.

The Association Between Psoriasis and Trace Element Serum Levels and Dietary Intake: Results from USA National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.

Objective: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease. However, trace elements are essential to biochemical processes of the skin, it is suspected that the trace elements are vital in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Our research is aimed to investigate the association between serum levels and dietary intake levels of selenium, zinc, and copper with psoriasis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2011 to 2014 to examine the association between psoriasis and serum concentration and dietary intake of trace elements including copper, zinc, and selenium in the US individuals. Our research combined two cycles and weighted the data. Student's t-tests and χ2 test were used. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted by IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and EmpowerStats. Results: This study indicates that the population with psoriasis has a lower dose of dietary intake selenium than the controls, and risk analysis showed that the men with selenium daily intake >150 mcg/day have a decreasing risk for psoriasis compared to those with daily intaking selenium <75 mcg/day. However, there are no differences on daily intake of selenium, zinc, and copper and serum levels of Zinc and Copper between psoriasis and healthy controls. The current study showed that the psoriasis group was significantly older with a bigger waist circumference, a higher education level, a higher ratio of people with smoke every day, and a higher ratio of people in USA and being non-Hispanic White. Conclusion: This cross-section study showed that a high selenium intake may benefit USA adults from psoriasis, especially for males. The social and cultural background and ethnic differences between the two groups influence the eating and living models, including the trace element intake. The national recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) might be considered to be modified with more reliable investigative clinical data and certain considering the social and cultural models.

Regulating electron transfer and orbital interaction within metalloporphyrin-MOFs for highly sensitive NO2 sensing.

The understanding of electron transfer pathways and orbital interactions between analytes and adsorption sites in gas-sensitive studies, especially at the atomic level, is currently limited. Herein, we have designed eight isoreticular catechol-metalloporphyrin scaffolds, FeTCP-M and InTCP-M (TCP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-catechol-porphyrin, M = Fe, Co, Ni and Zn) with adjustable charge transfer schemes in the coordination microenvironment and precise tuning of orbital interactions between analytes and adsorption sites, which can be used as models for exploring the influence of these factors on gas sensing. Our experimental findings indicate that the sensitivity and selectivity can be modulated using the type of metals in the metal-catechol chains (which regulate the electron transfer routes) and the metalloporphyrin rings (which fine-tune the orbital interactions between analytes and adsorption sites). Among the isostructures, InTCP-Co demonstrates the highest response and selectivity to NO2 under visible light irradiation, which could be attributed to the more favorable transfer pathway of charge carriers in the coordination microenvironment under visible light illumination, as well as the better electron spin state compatibility, higher orbital overlap and orbital symmetry matching between the N-2s2pz hybrid orbital of NO2 and the Co-3dz2 orbital of InTCP-Co.

Superhydrophobic Pseudosupertetrahedral Sulfido Metalate Clusters for Constructing Liquid Marbles.

One pseudopentasupertetrahedral chalcogenidometalate cluster, [(BuSn)3SnCd4S13(OH)]·6(H+DMP) (PPS-1; H+DMP = protonated 3,5-dimethylpiperidine), has been isolated by use of an organotin precursor. They are arranged to generate two types of tetrahedrally patterned cages, which further interconnect to form a diamond network. Owing to the covalent attachment of abundant alkyl groups, PPS-1 exhibits excellent hydrophobicity and could be used as an assembly substance for building liquid marbles.

Thiophenol-spaced 2D coordination polymers with extraordinary alkali resistance and efficient photothermal conversion.

Coordination polymers (CPs) based on metal-sulfur bonds are rare; we herein realize a series of thiol-functionalized linker-based CPs (thiol-CPs), MTBT (M = Fe, Co and Zn; TBT = dehydrated 4,4'-thiobisbenzenethiol), which feature an anionic two-dimensional (2D) network, [M(TBT)2]n2n-, with the tetrahedral coordination unit {MS4} serving as a node. These compounds exhibit excellent hydrolytic stability, especially in alkaline solution (20M NaOH for five days), which is the highest value reported for CPs so far. In addition, among them, CoTBT displays favorable photo-thermal conversion effectiveness under an energy power of 0.5 W cm-2 808 nm laser irradiation for 15 s, with the temperature rising rapidly from room temperature to 135.2 °C.

Energy Band Alignment and Redox-Active Sites in Metalloporphyrin-Spaced Metal-Catechol Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction.

Two new chemically stable metalloporphyrin-bridged metal-catechol frameworks, InTCP-Co and FeTCP-Co, were constructed to achieve artificial photosynthesis without additional sacrificial agents and photosensitizers. The CO2 photoreduction rate over FeTCP-Co considerably exceeds that obtained over InTCP-Co, and the incorporation of uncoordinated hydroxyl groups, associated with catechol, into the network further promotes the photocatalytic activity. The iron-oxo coordination chain assists energy band alignment and provides a redox-active site, and the uncoordinated hydroxyl group contributes to the visible-light absorptance, charge-carrier transfer, and CO2 -scaffold affinity. With a formic acid selectivity of 97.8 %, FeTCP-OH-Co affords CO2 photoconversion with a reaction rate 4.3 and 15.7 times higher than those of FeTCP- Co and InTCP-Co, respectively. These findings are also consistent with the spectroscopic study and DFT calculation.

Prediction of skin disease using a new cytological taxonomy based on cytology and pathology with deep residual learning method.

With the development of artificial intelligence, technique improvement of the classification of skin disease is addressed. However, few study concerned on the current classification system of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD)-10 on Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which is now globally used for classification of skin disease. This study was aimed to develop a new taxonomy of skin disease based on cytology and pathology, and test its predictive effect on skin disease compared to ICD-10. A new taxonomy (Taxonomy 2) containing 6 levels (Project 2-4) was developed based on skin cytology and pathology, and represents individual diseases arranged in a tree structure with three root nodes representing: (1) Keratinogenic diseases, (2) Melanogenic diseases, and (3) Diseases related to non-keratinocytes and non-melanocytes. The predictive effects of the new taxonomy including accuracy, precision, recall, F1, and Kappa were compared with those of ICD-10 on Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (Taxonomy 1, Project 1) by Deep Residual Learning method. For each project, 2/3 of the images were included as training group, and the rest 1/3 of the images acted as test group according to the category (class) as the stratification variable. Both train and test groups in the Projects (2 and 3) from Taxonomy 2 had higher F1 and Kappa scores without statistical significance on the prediction of skin disease than the corresponding groups in the Project 1 from Taxonomy 1, however both train and test groups in Project 4 had a statistically significantly higher F1-score than the corresponding groups in Project 1 (P = 0.025 and 0.005, respectively). The results showed that the new taxonomy developed based on cytology and pathology has an overall better performance on predictive effect of skin disease than the ICD-10 on Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The level 5 (Project 4) of Taxonomy 2 is better on extension to unknown data of diagnosis system assisted by AI compared to current used classification system from ICD-10, and may have the potential application value in clinic of dermatology.

T-614 attenuates knee osteoarthritis via regulating Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Iguratimod (T-614) on rat knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and further to explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS: In this study, papain-induced KOA model was constructed. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes of cartilage tissue and Mankin scoring principle was used for quantitative scoring. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to observe the ultrastructure of cartilage tissue. ELISA was used to measure the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a)) in serum. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry were conducted to detect mRNA expression and protein expression of key genes in Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. RESULTS: H&E, Mankin scoring, and TEM data confirmed that compared with model group, T-614 significantly improved the degeneration of articular cartilage. Besides, we observed that low, middle, and high doses of T-614 could decrease the levels of MMP13, TNF-α, and IL-6 in serum to different degrees. Mechanically, T-614 downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of ß-catenin and MMP13 in cartilage tissue via a dose-dependent manner, and on the contrary upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of glucogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3ß). CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that T-614 can reduce the level of its downstream target gene MMP-13 and downregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by regulating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting joint inflammation and controlling KOA degeneration of articular cartilage.

Grainy head signaling regulates epithelium development and ecdysis in Blattella germanica.

The transcription factor grainy head (Grh) functions in the protection of the epithelium against the external environment by generating strongly adhesive layers, and this function is conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates. In Drosophila, the top model for holometabolous insects, Grh is necessary during embryonic development, epidermal differentiation, central nervous system specification and epithelial repair. However, the function of this gene in hemimetabolous insect epithelia remains unknown. To examine the function of Grh signaling in regulating epithelium development in Hemimetabola, we focused on the Blattella germanica epidermal layer using a gene knockdown strategy. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of BgGrh was detected, and knockdown of BgGrh and BgCad96ca, which provide positive feedback to BgGrh, caused severe defects in new epithelium development and impeded the molting process required to discard the old integument. Knockdown of the expression of BgGrh and BgCad96ca caused increased expression of chitin synthase gene (BgCHS1) and chitinase gene (BgCht5), the upregulations of which should be mediated by the higher level of hormone receptor 3 (BgHr3) gene. In conclusion, epithelium development is regulated by Grh signaling, which might represent a potential target for the control of urban pest cockroaches.

Molecular basis of the silkworm mutant rel causing red egg color and embryonic death.

The coloration and hatchability of insect eggs can affect individual and population survival. However, few genetic loci have been documented to affect both traits, and the genes involved in regulating these two traits are unclear. The silkworm recessive mutant rel shows both red egg color and embryo mortality. We studied the molecular basis of the rel phenotype formation. Through genetic analysis, gene screening and sequencing, we found that two closely linked genes, BGIBMGA003497 (Bm-re) and BGIBMGA003697 (BmSema1a), control egg color and embryo mortality, respectively. Six base pairs of the Bm-re gene are deleted in its open reading frame, and BmSema1a is expressed at abnormally low levels in mutant rel . BmSema1a gene function verification was performed using RNA interference and clustered randomly interspersed palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associate protein 9. Deficiency of the BmSema1a gene can cause the death of silkworm embryos. This study revealed the molecular basis of silkworm rel mutant formation and indicated that the Sema1a gene is essential for insect embryo development.

Understanding the Efficiency and Selectivity of Two-Electron Production of Metalloporphyrin-Embedded Zirconium-Pyrogallol Scaffolds in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.

Because of the high efficiency and mild reaction conditions, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) has attracted significant attention in recent years. However, the specific mechanism of the formation of the two-electron production (CO or HCOOH) in this reaction is still unclear. Herein, with density functional theory calculation and experimental manipulation, the specific mechanism of the selective two-electron reduction of CO2 has been systematically investigated, employing the polyphenolate-substituted metalloporphyrinic frameworks, ZrPP-1-M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), as model catalysts. Experimental observations and theoretical calculations discovered that ZrPP-1-Co is a more favorable catalyst for ECR among them. Compared with the formation of HCOOH, electroreduction of CO2 into CO has more beneficial thermodynamic and kinetic routes with ZrPP-1-Co as a catalyst. After introducing the r-GO for improving the conductivity, the Faradaic efficiency for CO formation is 82.4% at -0.6 v (vs RHE).

[One case of giant liposarcoma of hypopharynx].

The clinical manifestations of this patient with hypopharyngeal liposarcoma are dyspnea, dysphagia and aspiration. Fiberlaryngoscopic examination showed a grayish-yellow mass with a smooth surface and a broad base in the left hypopharynx, piriform fossa, and laryngeal entrance. CT examination revealed a solid mass with clear borders in the hypopharynx and a fibrous septum. Pathology revealed a highly differentiated liposarcoma of the hypopharynx.

Photochemical In Situ Exfoliation of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven CO2 Reduction.

Two novel two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs), 2D-M2 TCPE (M=Co or Ni, TCPE=1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene), which are composed of staggered (4,4)-grid layers based on paddlewheel-shaped dimers, serve as heterogeneous photocatalysts for efficient reduction of CO2 to CO. During the visible-light-driven catalysis, these structures undergo in situ exfoliation to form nanosheets, which exhibit excellent stability and improved catalytic activity. The exfoliated 2D-M2 TCPE nanosheets display a high CO evolution rate of 4174 µmol g-1 h-1 and high selectivity of 97.3 % for M=Co and Ni, and thus are superior to most reported MOFs. The performance differences and photocatalytic mechanisms have been studied with theoretical calculations and photoelectric experiments. This study provides new insight for the controllable synthesis of effective crystalline photocatalysts based on structural and morphological coregulation.

Mechanism of miRNA-based Aconitum leucostomum Worosch. Monomer inhibition of bone marrow-derived dendritic cell maturation.

Delvestidine (DLTD) is a monomeric compound isolated from Aconitum leucostomum Worosch, a widely used medicine for local treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies have shown that Aconitum leucostomum Worosch. can inhibit maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Further, microRNAs (miRNAs) have regulatory effects on DC maturity and function. However, the mechanism underlying DLTD effects on DC maturity and RA remains to be elucidated. This study investigated whether DLTD-mediated inhibition of DC maturation is regulated by miRNAs. LPS-induced mature BMDCs were treated with DLTD for 48 h. CD80 and CD86 expression on BMDCs was detected by flow cytometry, and levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-23, IL-1ß, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA and PCR. Further, gene expression and miRNA expression profiles were investigated by bioinformatics analysis and verified by PCR. DLTD was found to inhibit CD80 and CD86 expression on the surface of BMDCs and secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-23, IL-1ß, and TNF-α. In total, 54 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected, including 29 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated miRNAs after DLTD treatment. Analysis of biological information revealed that the differentially expressed target genes mainly regulated biological processes, including cell differentiation, cell cycle, and protein kinase complexes. Additionally, miR-511-3p downstream targets Calcr, Fzd10, and Eps8, were closely related to BMDCs maturation. DLTD may induce BMDCs maturity through regulation of miRNAs that affect Calcr, Fzd10, and Eps8 gene signals.

A wide pH-range stable crystalline framework based on the largest tin-oxysulfide cluster [Sn20O10S34].

We report, herein, a diamond-like oxysulfide framework, 3D-T4-SnOS, based on the largest supertetrahedral cluster of Sn4+ ions, i.e. [Sn20O10S34]. The framework remains intact in aqueous solution over a pH range between 1 and 14, and has a narrower optical bandgap, red-shifted fluorescence emission, and an enhanced photoelectric response compared to that of the smaller version, 2D-T3-SnOS, which has a building unit of supertetrahedral [Sn10O4S20].

Robust Porphyrin-Spaced Zirconium Pyrogallate Frameworks with High Proton Conduction.

An isoreticular family of zirconium polyphenolate networks (ZrPP- n, n = 1 and 2), bridged by porphyrinic macrocycles in an eclipsed arrangement, have excellent stability toward water, especially strong basic media of saturated NaOH aqueous solution. Endowed with spatial alignment of protic sites, viz., partially protonated phenols of acidity enhanced by coordination to Zr4+, along with guest dimethylamine cations, the newly synthesized ZrPP- n reveal exceptional conductivity (8.0 × 10-3 and 4.2 × 10-3 S cm-1, for n = 1 and 2, respectively, pelleted sample, under 98% relative humidity at 25 °C).

Dual-cubic-cage based lanthanide sulfate-carboxylpyrazolate frameworks with high hydrolytic stability and remarkable proton conduction.

We report herein a series of lanthanide sulfate-carboxylpyrazolate frameworks based on double cuboid cavities that are highly hot-water stable, and have room-temperature proton conductivity of over 10-3 S cm-1 at 97% relative humidity without any appreciable loss of performance for at least three recycling times, ranking among the best lanthanide-based coordination frameworks.

Early predictors of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.

The present study aimed to investigate early risk factors for hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) in order to open up novel routes for its prevention and treatment. Demographics, laboratory data obtained within 48 h, enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging data and the modified CT severity index (MCTSI) for 111 patients with HLAP who were assessed at Ordos Central Hospital (Ordos, China) between January 2015 and October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 17 patients progressed to infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) and 14 patients progressed to organ failure (OF), the occurrence of which were the study outcomes. The patients were divided into pairs groups: IPN and non-IPN, as well as OF and non-OF, and differences between the groups were determined regarding various clinicopathological parameters. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify parameters associated with the risk of progression to IPN or OP. On univariate analysis, the following parameters were deemed as being significantly associated with the risk of IPN: Serum calcium ions, C-reactive protein (CRP), extent of necrosis, procalcitonin (PTC) and the MCTSI. Furthermore, calcium ions, red cell distribution width (RDW), extent of necrosis and the MCTSI were significantly associated with the risk of OF on univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for these parameters then indicated that CRP (P=0.014), RDW (P=0.025) and the extent of necrosis (P=0.022) were significant and independent predictors of progression; thus, these are early risk factors for patients with HLAP. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate the predictive value of these factors, and the area under the curve for the three parameters was 0.863 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.646-0.886], 0.727 (95% CI, 0.651-0.803) and 0.833 (95% CI, 0.739-0.936), respectively. Therefore, CRP, RDW and the extent of necrosis are early predictive indexes for the risk of progression in HLAP.

Polyketides and Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1 and the Antiviral Activity of Scequinadoline A against Dengue Virus.

In our continuous chemical investigation on the marine-derived fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1, two new polyketides dichocetides B-C (1, 2), two new alkaloids dichotomocejs E-F (3, 4), and three known fumiquinozalines: scequinadoline A (5), quinadoline A (6), and scequinadoline E (7) were discovered from the culture broth and the mycelium in the culture medium, by the addition of l-tryptophan and l-phenylalanine. Their chemical structures were established by one dimensional (1D), two dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) data. Among them, scequinadoline A (5) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against dengue virus serotype 2 production by standard plaque assay, equivalent to the positive control andrographlide. Scequinadoline A (5) possesses the potential for further development as a dengue virus inhibitor.