Evaluation of the hearing status in carpenters.

PURPOSE: Carpenters are constantly exposed to a noise level of 82-100 dB(A) in their professional lives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hearing status of carpenters with pure -tone audiometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions test. METHODS: A total of 62 individuals were enrolled. The study group consisted of 31 carpenters and the controls were age and sex matched healthy individuals who were not exposed to continuous or sudden noise. RESULTS: The average age of the carpenters is 44.58 ± 10.33, the average age of the control group is 41.84 ± 8.65 and there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.262). There was a significant hearing loss in the study group nearly at all frequencies when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The emission values of the right and left ears of the carpenters were significantly lower than the controls at 2000 and 2800 Hz (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Accordingly, carpenters seem to be susceptible to the development of noise-induced hearing loss.

Medial olivary complex reflex in term newborns with hyperbilirubinemia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the integrity of the efferent auditory pathways of newborns that had high hyperbilirubinemia levels and required treatment due to these and healthy newborns. METHODS: Term-born (37 weeks or later) infants that were brought to the Newborn Polyclinic of the Baskent University Hospital were included in the study. The study included a total of 84 infants including healthy newborns (n = 42) and those that had jaundice and were receiving phototherapy (n = 42). After conducting a general otorhinolaryngology examination on all newborns included in the study, Transient Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAE) test was carried out in the absence and presence of contralateral noise. The obtained contralateral suppression values were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In the TEOAE test, the responses obtained at 1 kHz in the newborns receiving phototherapy were found to be lower. The difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.038). The rates of suppression presence at 2 kHz, 2.8 kHz and total OAE were found significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group not receiving phototherapy. Among the phototherapy-receiving infants, the hyperbilirubinemia levels of the infants in whom suppression was obtained in the contralateral suppression test did not show a statistically significant difference in comparison to those in whom suppression was not obtained (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained data, hyperbilirubinemia may have a disruptive effect on the efferent auditory system in newborns. Consequently, we are of the opinion that, in addition to hearing screening in risky newborn infants, a MOC suppression test would be useful.

Comparison of Rapid Absorbable Sutures with Nonabsorbable Sutures in Closing Transcolumellar Incision in Septorhinoplasty: Short-term Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Following open rhinoplasty, a postoperative scar at the columellar incision line is a common morbidity. The aim of this study is to compare absorbable and nonabsorbable suture materials which had been used for closing the transcolumellar incision, in the aspect of risk of postoperative infection, wound healing, postoperative columellar scar and patient satisfaction. METHOD: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was conducted between May 2017 and February 2018. Sixty-four rhinoplasty patients were randomly assigned to absorbable (n = 32) or nonabsorbable (n = 32) groups. The columellar incision was closed with 7 full-thickness skin sutures. Either nonabsorbable 6/0 polypropylene (Group 1) or absorbable 6/0 polyglytone 6211 (Group 2) sutures were placed at the columellar incisions. Polypropylene sutures were removed at the 7th postoperative day. A Mann-Whitney U test and Monte Carlo were used for statistical comparison. Photographs of the patients at the postoperative third month (Fig. 2) were evaluated and scored in terms of scarring, pigmentation, notching, level differences in the incision area by two different otorhinolaryngologists who did not know the randomization. Suture removing discomfort was assessed with visual analogue scale scores. A satisfaction survey was filled out by all the patients completing their third month after the operation. RESULTS: According to the results of both otorhinolaryngologists, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of pigmentation, level difference, notching, overall appearance and total score (p = 0.920, p = 0.498, respectively). The mean score on the Wong-Baker scale was 3.19 ± 1.67 in group 1. In the Satisfaction Survey, the average score of the group 1 was 6.90 ± 3.24, while the mean score of the group 2 was 7.062 ± 2.77. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.715). CONCLUSIONS: Suturing inverted V transcolumellar incisions with rapid resorbable sutures caused significantly less discomfort but no difference in scarring compared to nonresorbable sutures as evaluated by patients and observers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Evaluation of Nasal Tip Support in Septorhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: A good understanding of nasal tip support mechanisms is essential for achieving successful and functional rhinoplasty results. The loss of nasal tip support resulting from different maneuvers adopted during rhinoplasty and how this loss is affected by reconstructive applications should be known. This study evaluated and compared changes in nasal tip support perioperatively after different techniques were used during septorhinoplasty. METHODS: Patients who underwent primary open rhinoplasty between January 2018 and March 2018 in a tertiary medical center were included in this prospective blind case series. Nasal tip resistance measurements were taken after perioperative maneuvers by creating enough force to achieve 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm of displacement at the tip region. Measurements were obtained during six different stages using a Newton meter: preoperatively, after caudal septal resection, after skin flap elevation, after the columellar strut or tongue-in-groove procedure, after tip suturing and postoperatively. Our hypothesis was that during septorhinoplasty, each maneuver used changes the tip support intraoperatively. The predictor variables were the different rhinoplasty techniques used. The outcome variable was nasal tip resistance to compression intraoperatively and immediate postoperatively. Appropriate statistics were computed, and a p < 0.05 value was considered significant. RESULTS: Ten of the 15 patients were female, and 5 were male. The patient age ranged from 19 to 40 (mean 24.8 ± 4.9). The tongue-in-groove technique was applied in 5 of the patients, while columellar strut grafting was performed in 10. The application of columellar strut grafting did not create a significant increase in nasal tip support (p > 0.05). An increase in nasal tip support was observed at each stage (85%, 53%, 35%) after application of the tongue-in-groove technique (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A novel and reproducible technique for digitally evaluating manual force is presented for determining changes in nasal tip support with different maneuvers applied in living patients undergoing rhinoplasty. No significant difference was noted between the preoperative and postoperative measurements for columellar strut grafting. The tongue-in-groove technique is an important maneuver that has a significant effect on nasal tip support. According to our data, the interdomal and intercrural ligaments, the medial crus-septum connections and the connections between alar cartilage and overlying skin and muscle tissue are important structures for tip support. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The role of meteorologic factors and air pollution on the frequency of pediatric epistaxis.

Fluctuations in atmospheric temperature, humidity, and air pollution are associated with the incidence of epistaxis. To date, no study in the literature has evaluated the effect of air pollution and meteorologic conditions on the pediatric population. We aimed to evaluate the effect of meteorologic factors and air pollution on the frequency of epistaxis in children. Children presenting to an outpatient clinical setting at a tertiary care hospital during a 5-year period (July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2014) and diagnosed with epistaxis formed the study population. Daily temperature and humidity parameters and average daily atmospheric water vapor pressure, average daily concentration of particulate matter <10 µm in diameter, and sulfur dioxide readings were obtained. The distribution of daily parameters was analyzed. Of the 1,559 children with the primary diagnosis of epistaxis, data from 1,330 children were analyzed after excluding patients with coexisting pathologies. Positive correlations were found between the frequency of epistaxis and both the average daily temperature and the difference between the maximum and minimum daily temperature. There was a negative correlation between the epistaxis frequency and the average daily humidity, the difference between the maximum and minimum daily humidity, the average daily concentration of particulate matter, and the sulfur dioxide levels. Our findings suggest that epistaxis in children is related to high temperatures and low humidity.

Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil on Acoustic Trauma Induced Hearing Loss in Rats.

Acoustic trauma is a common reason for hearing loss. Different agents are used to prevent the harmful effect of acoustic trauma on hearing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential preventive effect of Nigella sativa (black cumin) oil in acoustic trauma. Our experimental study was conducted with 20 Sprague Downey female rats (mean age, 12 months; mean weight 250 g). All of the procedures were held under general anesthesia. Following otoscopic examinations, baseline-hearing thresholds were obtained using auditory brainstem responses (ABR). To create acoustic trauma, the rats were then exposed to white band noise of 4 kHz with an intensity level of 107 dB in a soundproof testing room. On Day 1 following acoustic trauma, hearing threshold measurements were repeated. The rats were divided into two groups as the study group (n: 10) and the controls (n: 10). 2 mL/kg/day of Nigella sativa oil was given to the rats in the study group orally. On Day 4 following acoustic trauma, ABR measurements were repeated again. There was no difference between the baseline hearing thresholds of the rats before acoustic trauma (P>0.005). After the acoustic trauma, hearing thresholds were increased and there was no significant statistically difference between the hearing thresholds of the study and control groups (P=0.979). At the 4th day following acoustic trauma, hearing thresholds of the rats in control group were found to be higher than those in the study group (P=0.03). Our results suggest that Nigella sativa oil has a protective effect against acoustic trauma in early period. This finding should be supported with additional experimental and clinical studies, especially to determine the optimal dose, duration and frequency of potential Nigella sativa oil therapy.

Association of Interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms with obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-10 (IL) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that regulates normal sleep patterns, and recent studies have reported that it is a potential useful biomarker to identify presence and severity of sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Promoter polymorphisms of IL-10 gene have been associated with altered expression levels, which contributes to OSAS. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of -1082 G/A, -819 C/T, and -592 C/A promoter polymorphisms of IL-10 gene in individuals with OSAS and controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An open-label study was performed in the Otorhinolaryngology and Sleep Disorders Outpatient Clinics. One hundred four cases with OSAS were included as the study group, and 78 individuals without OSAS were included as the controls. DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and the sites that encompassed those polymorphisms were identified by DNA sequencing analyses. Data were analyzed with SNPStats and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) software. RESULTS: The prevalence of OSAS was higher in males in the study group when compared to controls (P = 0.0003). The IL-10-1082 G/A, -819 C/T, and -592 C/A SNPs, and their minor alleles were associated with a significantly increased risk for OSAS compared to the controls (P ˂ 0.05 for all). Furthermore, ATA haplotype frequency was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group, but the GCC haplotype frequency was lower (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001). As indicated in MDR analysis, combinations of IL-10 gene were associated with OSAS in single-, double-, and triple-locus analyses. CONCLUSION: The prevalences of the IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms were different in OSAS patients and the controls in Turkish population. IL-10 gene polymorphisms may lead to altered inflammatory cascade, which might contribute to OSAS. Further studies on larger cohorts are needed to validate our findings.

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the RYD5 Gene in Nasal Polyposis.

Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Several genes play major roles in the pathophysiology of the disease. We analyzed RYD5 gene polymorphisms to determine the effect of these variants or their genetic combinations on NP. We genotyped the RYD5 gene in 434 participants (196 patients with NP and 238 controls). Data were analyzed with SPSS, SNPStats, and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) software. We genotyped 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RYD5 gene. RYD5 (+152G>T) (p.Gly51Va) has not been reported previously. The PolyPhen and PROVEAN predicted the missense mutation as deleterious, but sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT) did not. In the genotype analysis, we found that four SNPs (RYD5 [-264A>G], [-103G>A], [+57-14C>T], and [+66A>G]) were significantly associated with NP. The individuals with combined genotypes of six risk alleles (RYD5-264G, -103A, +13C, +57-14T, +66G, and +279T) had significantly higher risks for NP compared with the ones with one or four risk alleles. Haplotype analysis revealed that the two haplotypes were associated with risk of NP. As indicated by MDR analysis, RYD5 (-264A>G and -103G>A) and RYD5 (-264A>G, -177C>A, and -103G>A) were the best predictive combinations and they had the highest synergistic interaction on NP. In addition, RYD5 (+13C>T) was significantly associated with increased risk of both NP with asthma and NP with allergy and asthma. Some SNPs and their combinations in the RYD5 gene are associated with increased probability for developing NP. We emphasize the importance of genetic factors on NP and NP-related clinical phenotypes.

Lack of association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter gene polymorphism in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a public health problem. There is an effort to establish the genetic contributions to the development of OSAS. One is matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix degrading enzymes related to systemic inflammation. However, the impact of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) genotypes on the development of OSAS is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether MMP-9 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (MMP-9 -1562C > T) is related to susceptibility to OSAS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 106 patients with a history of sleep apnea and 88 controls without a history of sleep apnea were enrolled in this study. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses after polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Genotypes and allele frequencies of the MMP-9 -1562C > T SNP was not statistically different between the patient and control groups (p > 0.05). There was a statistical association between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and body mass index (BMI), and also between AHI and neck circumference (p < 0.001). There was no association among the genotypes and AHI, neck circumference, or BMI (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between MMP-9 -1562C > T SNP and OSAS. Studies to investigate the role of other polymorphisms and expression of MMP-9 gene will provide more information.

Endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy for treatment of inverted papilloma originating from the maxillary sinus.

Endoscopic approaches have become an alternative to external approaches in the treatment of sinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs) in recent years. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy preserving the nasolacrimal duct and the inferior turbinate in selected IP cases. Medical charts of patients diagnosed with IP originating from the maxillary sinus between July 2008 and August 2013 were reviewed. Eight patients who had undergone endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy were included in the study. Attachment of IP was located on the medial wall of the maxillary sinus in all cases. The nasolacrimal duct was preserved in all of the patients. The inferior turbinate was completely preserved in 5 patients, and the anterior part of the inferior turbinate was preserved in 3 patients. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 30.8 months (12-60  mo). None of the patients had recurrence or major complications. The postoperative complaints were minor hemorrhagic discharge and crusting for the first few weeks. Endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy preserving the nasolacrimal duct and the inferior turbinate provides good surgical and functional outcomes in selected IP cases.

Chronic tonsillitis is not associated with beta defensin 1 gene polymorphisms in Turkish population.

BACKGROUND: Defensins are antimicrobial peptides expressed on mucosal surfaces. They function as part of the innate immune system. Palatine tonsils play important roles in innate immune system. However, our knowledge on the pathophysiology of chronic tonsils is limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between beta defensin 1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and chronic tonsillitis. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, non-randomized, controlled clinical study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty six patients with chronic tonsillitis and eighty controls without history of chronic tonsillitis were enrolled in this study. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses after polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Genotype and allele frequencies of the -20G/A (rs11362), -44C/G (rs1800972) and -52G/A (rs1799946) single nucleotide polymorphisms were not statistically different between patients and control groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that DEFB1 gene -20G/A, -44C/G and -52G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms were not associated with chronic tonsillitis. Studies, which analyse other polymorphism of the beta defensin 1 gene in large case series, should be conducted to understand the role of DEFB1 gene on chronic tonsillitis.

Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in response to air conducted stimuli: clinical application in healthy adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the normal values for ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in response to air conducted stimuli in healthy adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six healthy adult participants with no ear complaints were enrolled. Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential tests were performed to all participants. Latency and amplitude values of the waves were recorded. RESULTS: The mean N1 latency was 9.62±2.02 (4.30-16.00) msec and the mean P1 latency was 14.90±2.33 (9.0-21.00) msec. The mean amplitude was 3.36±1.36 (1.06-8.48) µV. There was a positive correlation between N1 and P1 latencies and age (r=242, p=0.0359 for N1; r=250, p=0.030 for P1). CONCLUSION: Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials can be obtained easily and can be used in the evaluation of vestibular disorders. However, the effect of age should be considered when interpreting results.

Long-term inflammatory response to liquid injectable silicone, cartilage, and silicone sheet.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To show and compare the long-term inflammatory responses to subdermal microdroplet injections of 1,000 centistoke (cS) and 5,000 cS liquid injectable silicone (LIS), and to assess the applicability of insulin pen as an alternative LIS delivery device in an animal model. STUDY DESIGN: Animal study. METHODS: Eighteen healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Two graft recipient sites and four injection sites were prepared on each rat's back for: 1) autogenous auricular cartilage graft; 2) silicone sheet; 3) 1,000 cS LIS injection with insulin syringe; 4) 1,000 cS LIS injection with insulin pen; 5) 5,000 cS LIS injection with insulin syringe; and 6) 5,000 cS LIS injection with insulin pen. The animals were followed up for 6 months, and skin biopsies were examined for the evaluation of LIS microdroplets in situ and the degree of inflammatory tissue response. Immunohistochemistry was used for the examination of macrophages and the density of microvessels. RESULTS: Biopsies from 17 animals were assessed. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of the number of lymphocytes (P = 0.081), macrophages (P = 0.857), and neutrophils (P = 0.995), the degree of vascular proliferation (P = 0.698), and the mean LIS microdroplet diameter (P = 0.540). Grossly, there was no sign of granuloma formation in any of the specimens. CONCLUSION: There is a low-grade, well-tolerated long-term inflammatory response to microdroplet injections of 1,000 cS and 5,000 cS LIS that is comparable to autogenous cartilage graft in rats. Standard dose delivery devices such as insulin pens can be used for controlled LIS injections. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

Investigation of SCGB3A1 (UGRP2) gene arrays in patients with nasal polyposis.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential relationship between polymorphisms and nasal polyposis (NP) pathogenesis in the SCGB3A1 (UGRP2) gene, which is a member of the secretoglobin gene super family. Genotypic variations were studied by performing DNA sequencing in blood samples of 80 patients with NP and 70 healthy individuals to evaluate nucleotide changes and their positions that might be in the SCGB3A1 gene (promotor, splicing points, and exon distributions). In the SCGB3A1 gene, three single-nucleotide changes labeled IVS1-89 T>G, c. -183 G>T, IVS1-189 G>A were identified. IVS1-89 T>G and IVS1-189 G>A belong to the first intronic region of the gene, whereas c. -183 G>T was observed in the promoter region of the gene. The IVS1-89 T>G nucleotide change was observed in the patient and control groups, whereas c. -183 G>T and IVS1-189 G>A nucleotide changes were observed in the control group only. SCGB3A1 (IVS1-89) genotype frequencies between patients with NP and control group were not significantly different (p = 0.311). There was a statistically significant difference in the control group in comparison to patients with NP in terms of SCGB3A1 (c. -183 GT) and SCGB3A1 (IVS1-189 GA) frequency (p = 0.0045 and p = 0.009, respectively). The findings of the current study suggest that SCGB3A1-183 T and SCGB3A1 IVS1-189 A alleles might have a protective effect against NP, and that SCGB3A1 (-183 GT and IVS1-189 GA) genotypes should be studied in future population-based studies.

Oxidative stress and nasal polyposis: does it affect the severity of the disease?

BACKGROUND: Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease and the waste products of this inflammation are reactive oxygen species composed of free radicals. Changes in oxidative status have already been revealed in NP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative status to the severity of the disease and the quality of life. METHODS: The study group included 24 patients with NP and 20 controls. The Turkish version of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index, visual analog scale (VAS), polyp stage, computed tomography (CT) score, and the eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) levels in nasal lavage (NAL) fluid were used to assess the severity of the disease. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), and the total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in NAL fluids were measured representing the oxidative stress. RESULTS: NO values were correlated with nasal congestion (p = 0.031). TAS values were correlated with nasal obstruction (p = 0.039). ECP values showed correlation with all the nasal obstruction (p = 0.003), congestion (p = 0.009), rhinorrhea (p = 0.009), and VAS scores (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: In NP, ECP levels detected in NAL fluid were significantly high and were correlated with the severity of the disease. Moreover, the severity of oxidative stress, in the forms of TAS and NO, is significantly correlated with the severity of the nasal obstruction and congestion, respectively.

Fractalkine receptor polymorphism and chronic tonsillitis.

The objective of this study is to examine whether there is an association of fractalkine gene receptor polymorphisms with chronic tonsillitis. This is a cross-sectional study in the setting of a tertiary referral center. The study group included 79 patients with chronic tonsillitis and 76 controls without history of chronic tonsillitis. Genotypes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses after polymerase chain reaction. c.745G>A (V249I) single nucleotide polymorphism and the frequencies of the G and A alleles did not differ in the patient and control groups (p = 0.363; p = 0.743, respectively). c.839C>T (T280M) single nucleotide polymorphism was found to be higher in controls than in the patients with chronic tonsillitis (p < 0.001). Consistent with this result, T allele frequency was higher in controls than in the patients with chronic tonsillitis (p < 0.001). In this study, we suggested that fractalkine gene receptor c.839C>T (T280M) single nucleotide polymorphism could be associated with a reduced risk of chronic tonsillitis.

Comparison of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials between late preterm and term infants.

Recent investigations have shown that late preterm infants have increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neurosensory impairment, and emotional, behavior and learning problems. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) abnormality may partly contribute to these problems. Our aim was to measure VEMP in late preterm infants and to compare the findings between late preterm and term infants. Seventeen late preterm infants (mean gestational age: 35.11 weeks +/- 0.78) postnatal aged 8 weeks and 17 full-term (mean gestational age: 38.05 weeks +/- 0.96) infants postnatal aged 4 weeks underwent cervical (c)VEMP test without sedation. Mean latencies of p13 were calculated in all study subjects. cVEMPs were elicited in all late preterm and term infants. Mean latencies of p13 in late preterm and term infants were 14.53 and 13.34 ms, respectively. Mean latencies of n23 were determined as 23.18 ms and 19.92 ms for late preterm and term infants, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between late preterm and term infants for latency of p13 (p < 0.001) and latency of n23 (p < 0.000). Abnormal VEMP results might be related to a delay in the maturation of the sacculocollic pathways in late preterm infants.

Lack of association between eotaxin-1 gene polymorphisms and nasal polyposis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether there is an association of eotaxin-1 gene polymorphisms with nasal polyposis (NP). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study group included 85 patients with NP and 93 controls without sinonasal disease. Genotypes of eotaxin-1 (-384 A>G and +67 G>A) were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses after polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The -384 A>G and +67 G>A single nucleotide polymorphisms were higher in patients with NP than in controls (P = .044 and P = .019, respectively). However, their relation was statistically poor (association coefficient = 0.18). Consistent with this result, comparisons of allele frequencies for both single nucleotide polymorphisms were not significantly different (-384 A>G, P = .164; +67 G>A, P = .144). CONCLUSION: In this study, eotaxin-1 -384 A>G or 67 G>A genotypes were not associated with susceptibility to NP.