Can artificial intelligence detect type 2 diabetes in women by evaluating the pectoral muscle on tomosynthesis: diagnostic study.

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective single-center analysis aimed to evaluate whether artificial intelligence can detect type 2 diabetes mellitus by evaluating the pectoral muscle on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). MATERIAL METHOD: An analysis of 11,594 DBT images of 287 consecutive female patients (mean age 60, range 40-77 years) was conducted using convolutional neural networks (EfficientNetB5). The inclusion criterion was left-sided screening images with unsuspicious interpretation who also had a current glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) % value. The exclusion criteria were inadequate imaging, history of breast cancer, and/or diabetes mellitus. HbA1c values between 5.6 and 6.4% were categorized as prediabetic, and those with values ≥ 6.5% were categorized as diabetic. A recorded HbA1c ≤ 5.5% served as the control group. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to age. Images were subjected to pattern analysis parameters then cropped and resized in a format to contain only pectoral muscle. The dataset was split into 85% for training and 15% for testing the model's performance. The accuracy rate and F1-score were selected as performance indicators. RESULTS: The training process was concluded in the 15th epoch, each comprising 1000 steps, with an accuracy rate of 92% and a loss of only 0.22. The average specificity and sensitivity for all 3 groups were 95%. The F1-score was 0.95. AUC-ROC was 0.995. PPV was 94%, and NPV was 98%. CONCLUSION: Our study presented a pioneering approach, applying deep learning for the detection of diabetes mellitus status in women using pectoral muscle images and was found to function with an accuracy rate of 92%. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: AI can differentiate pathological changes within pectoral muscle tissue by assessing radiological images and maybe a potential diagnostic tool for detecting diabetes mellitus and other diseases that affect muscle tissues. KEY POINTS: • AI may have an opportunistic use as a screening exam for diabetes during digital breast tomosynthesis. • This technique allows for early and non-invasive detection of diabetes mellitus by AI. • AI may have broad applications in detecting pathological changes within muscle tissue.

Mycetoma (Madura foot): A Case Report of a Rare Tropical Disease in Turkey.

Mycetoma is a chronic discharging infection involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and bone, which is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. We report a rare case of mycetoma localized on the foot of a patient living in a country with a temperate climate. A 32-year-old male patient presented with painless swelling in the right foot. He had undergone surgery 3 years ago with the same complaints. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 90 × 65 × 37 mm cystic soft tissue lesion in the posterior of the right ankle. Histological analysis identified the fungus. Extensive resection was performed. Mycetoma is characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammatory response, often associated with sinus tract formations due to fungal (eumycetoma) or bacterial (actinomycetoma) organisms. Here we provide a literature review and highlight the importance of increasing awareness toward mycetoma, particularly in non-endemic regions.

Hematoma de la vaina de los rectos en un recién nacido macrosómico después de un parto distócico: A propósito de un caso / Rectus sheath hematoma in a macrosomie neonate following difficult delivery: Case report

La macrosomía es un factor de riesgo de traumatismos obstétricos y se asocia con morbimortalidad neonatal. El cefalohematoma y la fractura clavicular son los más frecuentes. Los traumatismos intrabdominales son poco frecuentes. El hematoma de la vaina de los rectos es una acumulación de sangre en la vaina del músculo recto mayor del abdomen. Se asocia con traumatismos, cirugías y tratamiento anticoagulante, en especial en los adultos y las personas de edad avanzada. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un recién nacido de sexo masculino con parto vaginal distócico. Durante el examen físico se observó un hematoma periumbilical de 1 x 1 cm y un cefalohematoma parietal de 1 x 1 cm. En la ecografía abdominal y la tomografía computada del abdomen se observó un hematoma de la vaina del recto derecho de 7 x 4 x 2 cm.

Macrosomia is a risk factor for birth injuries and is associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cephalohematoma and clavicular fracture are the most frequent birth injuries. Intraabdominal injuries are uncommon birth injuries. Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is an accumulation of blood in the sheath of rectus abdominis muscle. It is associated with trauma, operations and anticoagulant therapy, especially in adults and elders. We present a macrosomic male neonate with difficult vaginal delivery, who had in the physical examination periumblical ecchymose of 1x1 cm and a parietal cephalohametoma of 1x1 cm. The abdominal ultrasonogram and the computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a 7x4x2 cm right rectus sheath hematoma.

Rectus sheath hematoma in a macrosomie neonate following difficult delivery. Case report. / Hematoma de la vaina de los rectos en un recién nacido macrosómico después de un parto distócico. A propósito de un caso.

Macrosomia is a risk factor for birth injuries and is associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cephalohematoma and clavicular fracture are the most frequent birth injuries. Intraabdominal injuries are uncommon birth injuries. Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is an accumulation of blood in the sheath of rectus abdominis muscle. It is associated with trauma, operations and anticoagulant therapy, especially in adults and elders. We present a macrosomic male neonate with difficult vaginal delivery, who had in the physical examination periumblical ecchymose of 1x1 cm and a parietal cephalohametoma of 1x1 cm. The abdominal ultrasonogram and the computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a 7x4x2 cm right rectus sheath hematoma.

La macrosomía es un factor de riesgo de traumatismos obstétricos y se asocia con morbimortalidad neonatal. El cefalohematoma y la fractura clavicular son los más frecuentes. Los traumatismos intrabdominales son poco frecuentes. El hematoma de la vaina de los rectos es una acumulación de sangre en la vaina del músculo recto mayor del abdomen. Se asocia con traumatismos, cirugías y tratamiento anticoagulante, en especial en los adultos y las personas de edad avanzada. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un recién nacido de sexo masculino con parto vaginal distócico. Durante el examen físico se observó un hematoma periumbilical de 1 x 1 cm y un cefalohematoma parietal de 1 x 1 cm. En la ecografía abdominal y la tomografía computada del abdomen se observó un hematoma de la vaina del recto derecho de 7 x 4 x 2 cm.

Rare presentation of a localised malignant pleural mesothelioma with cranial metastasis.

Mesothelioma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm and a localised form of the pleura is especially very rare. Diagnosis of localised malignant pleural mesothelioma (LMPM) is very challenging. Histopathological verification is the gold standard, and studies such as CT, positron emission tomography (PET) and thoracoscopy are very valuable tools in assisting diagnosis. We report a case of histopathologically proven LMPM, which was discovered as a well circumscribed solitary subpleural nodule on PET-CT after presentation with cranial metastasis. This case shows that LMPM can present with uncommon radiological and clinical appearances, and imaging tools such as PET-CT have a very important role in diagnosis.

A rare cause of acute abdominal disease: two reports of caecal diverticulum perforation.

Diverticulum of the caecum is a rare lesion. From a clinical point of view, the inflammation it causes can mimic symptoms of acute appendicitis, causing difficulties in diagnosis and thus prescription of appropriate treatment. It is almost impossible to differentiate this disease from acute appendicitis through physical examination alone, and radiological imaging may also prove insufficient. For this reason, it is common to perioperatively diagnose diverticula of the caecum. Two cases of patients who underwent surgery for perforated caecal diverticula are presently described.

Hemolytic Anemia and Heart Failure Caused by Anti-C and Anti-E Immunization.

Many different blood group systems, such as Rh, ABO, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, MNS, have been reported as causes of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Hemolysis due to minor blood group incompatibility in the fetus or newborn has been determined in isolated case reports. Here, we report a case of a patient who had received red cell transfusion due to severe Rh c and E incompatibility, leading to hemolytic anemia with heart failure. The mother and the baby were grouped B and B, respectively, both being positive for RhD antigen. The baby's blood group type was C+, c+, E+, e+, K-, while her mother's blood group type was C+, c-, E-, e+, K-. Our patient was diagnosed as Rh c and E incompatibility, leading to the hemolytic anemia. Minor blood group incompatibility should be considered in infants with prolonged jaundice and severe anemia, leading to heart failure.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Vacuum Assisted and Core Needle Biopsies.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study to present the results of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided cutting needle biopsy procedures of suspicious breast lesions that can be solely detected on Magnetic resonance (MR) examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 48 patients with 48 lesions which were solely be observed in breast MRI, indistinguishable in ultrasonography and mammography, for MR guided vacuum-assisted cutting needle biopsy and 42 patients with 42 lesions for MR guided cutting needle biopsy for the lesions of the same nature. MR imaging was performed using a 1.5-Tesla MRI device. Acquired MR images were determined and biopsy protocol was performed using computer-aided diagnosis system on the workstation. Vacuum biopsies were performed using 10 G or 12 G automatic biopsy systems, cutting needle biopsy procedures were performed using fully automated 12 G biopsy needle. RESULTS: All biopsy procedures were finalized successfully without major complications. The lesions were 54 mass (60%), 28 were non-mass contrast enhancement (31%) and 8 were foci (9%) in the MR examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed 18 malignant (invasive, in-situ ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma), 66 benign (apocrine metaplasia, fibrosis, fibroadenomatoid lesion, sclerosing adenosis, fibrocystic disease and mild-to-severe epithelial proliferation) and 6 high-risk (atypical ductal hyperplasia, intraductal papilloma, radial scar) lesions. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance guided vacuum and cutting needle biopsy methods are successful methods fort he evaluation of solely MRI detected suspicious breast lesions. There are several advantages relative to each other in both methods.

Gaviscon and domperidon responsive apnea episodes associated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease in twins.

BACKGROUND: The possible pathophysiology of the relationship between gastro-esophageal reflux disease and apnea of prematurity has been widely investigated. Various physiological protective reflex responses provide a plausible biological link between gastro-esophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity. It is uncertain whether or not there is a causal relationship between the two diseases. PATIENT'S FINDINGS: Twins were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due to feeding problems. Physical examination was normal except for reticulated, blueviolet skin changes. Short apneic attacks occurred on the first day in twin 1 and on the second day in twin 2, and these were initially treated by stimulation and increased ambient O2 concentration. Then, we conducted methylxanthine and continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Laboratory and radiological analysis were normal. As gastro-esophageal reflux disease was thought to be the causes of the treatment-refractory apnea, therapy with gaviscon and domperidon was begun for both cases. Apneic attacks did not recur after gaviscon and domperidon therapy. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological therapy for gastro-esophageal reflux disease has not definitively been shown to be effective in improving symptoms and hence, should be reserved especially for infants with treatment refractory apnea episodes suspected as being gastro-esophageal reflux in premature infants.

Feeding an infant with high arched palate by high flow rate bottle nipple.

For infants with high arched palate, feeding is one of the most immediate challenges faced by parents and caretakers. General suggestions for feeding in infants with cleft palate may be adapted to infants with high arched palate. These include oral feeding facilitation techniques and special feeding tools. Here we present a newborn with a high arched palate and serious feeding problems who was fed easily by a large size and a large hole nipple, ordinarily used for infants older than 6 months, instead of specialized feeding equipment.

Acute ischemia of the parotid gland and auricle following embolization for epistaxis.

We report a case of ischemia of the auricle and acute parotitis that developed following embolization for epistaxis. A 53-year-old male was previously conservatively treated for epistaxis with bilateral posterior nasal packing due to hypertension. As the bleeding, continued the patient underwent bilateral embolization of the internal maxillary arteries. The bleeding was controlled but the patient developed acute ischemia of the ipsilateral parotid gland and the auricle that regressed with medical treatment.

Testicular arteriovenous malformation: gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography features.

Intratesticular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are extremely rare benign incidental lesions of the testis. Ultrasonography (US) generally reveals a hypoechoic solid mass within the testicular parenchyma. We describe a patient with intratesticular AVM which was found incidentally during workup for infertility. The gray-scale and Doppler US appearance of an intratesticular AVM and the differential diagnosis have been presented. Based on the gray-scale, US appearance differentiation from malignant testicular tumors is difficult. Doppler US examination aids in the diagnosis by demonstrating the vascular nature of the tumor.