Beliefs About Sexual Functioning Scale: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Psychometric Properties Within Turkish Population.

Background and Purpose: Beliefs about sexual function play a very significant role in determining sexual dysfunctions. There are very few short and reliable scales that can be administered to both men and women to measure their beliefs about sexual function. In this study, the researchers aimed to define the cross-culturally adapted Turkish version of the Beliefs about Sexual Functioning Scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: In this methodological study which included 192 people, data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the personal information form and the Beliefs about Sexual Functioning Scale. Results: The content validity index and Cronbach's alpha value of the scale were .96 and .726, respectively. Findings indicate that the four-factor structure of the scale, whose items were reduced from 15 to 11, showed a good fit. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis, the scale preserved its original structure, but one subdimension (anal sex beliefs) was excluded from the scale because it was not suitable for the Turkish culture. The remaining four subdimensions accounted for 61.71% of the total variance. Conclusions: The Beliefs about Sexual Functioning Scale can be used to determine the beliefs about sexual functions of people living in Turkey.

Physical Examination Attitudes and Practices Scale: Psychometric Evaluation on Turkish Nurses.

Background and Purpose: Physical examination (PE) is an important element used in the diagnostic process. This cross-sectional and methodological study was conducted methodologically to test cross-cultural and linguistic adaptation of the Turkish version of the Physical Examination Attitudes and Practices Scale (PEAPS) and to test the reliability and validity of Turkish nurses. Methods: The study was carried out with a methodological, cross-sectional design, with 372 nurses working in different departments at a state hospital. Results: The content validity index was found to be .87. Item-total score correlation coefficients were above .30; Cronbach's alpha was found to be .89. Conclusions: The instrument is an acceptable, valid, and reliable tool in Turkish for evaluating the attitudes and practices toward PE. Attitudes toward PE can be examined by health professionals working in different fields and cultures.

The effect of COVID-19 vaccine literacy on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine among university students.

OBJECTIVE: University students are a large group of the population who should be vaccinated to prevent the spread of the pandemic. This research aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 vaccine literacy on the attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine among university students. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 2384 university students via online survey in September and October 2021. 'Demographic Information Form', 'COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale', and 'Attitudes towards the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale' were used to collect the data. Data were evaluated via descriptive statistics, independent group t-test, ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Pearson Correlation analysis. RESULTS: The mean score on the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale was 27.26 ± 6.49 (moderate). Demographic differences that significantly affected students' vaccine literacy scales included parents' education levels (lower levels of parental education associated with higher communicative/critical vaccine literacy). Health sciences students had more positive attitudes to the COVID vaccine than students of other disciplines. The higher the level of mother's education, the more positive the student's attitude towards the vaccine, and similarly the higher the student's socio-economic background the higher the positive attitude towards the vaccine. Examination of the relationship between the vaccine literacy scale and the attitudes towards the vaccine showed low levels of correlation. DISCUSSION: Students who had parents of lower education levels may have more responsibilities for explaining vaccination to their parents, thus improving their communicative/critical vaccine literacy. CONCLUSION: A vaccine literacy scale with separate functional literacy score and critical/communicative score helps to explain some of socio-demographic differences in students' scores, and similarly for attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine (positive and negative attitude sub-scales).

The relationship between emotional labor level and moral distress.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has implications for health professionals. AIM: The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between emotional labor levels and moral distress in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. RESEARCH DESIGN: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was adopted. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: Data were collected between 7 February and 7 March 2021. 302 health professionals who were not on leave (annual leave, sick leave, prenatal and postnatal leave, etc.) at the time of the research and who volunteered to participate in the research were included. Research data were collected using a "Personal Information Form," the "Emotional Labor Scale" and the "Moral Distress Thermometer." ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Ethics Committee approved the study (dated 07.01.2021 and numbered 2021/1-3). The participants were informed of the study aim and written consent was obtained before completing the survey. FINDINGS: In the present study, the mediator role of emotional labor in the effect of providing service to a patient with COVID-19 and having had COVID-19 on moral distress was examined in health professionals and it was found that there was a correlation between providing service to a patient with COVID-19 and moral distress regardless of whether or not emotional labor had a role in this relationship. CONCLUSION: In this study, the relationship between the level of emotional labor and moral distress in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated with a structural equation model.

Ethical Discourse of Medical Students on the Phenomenon of Death: A Qualitative Study.

The aim of this study is to discover medical students' ideas on the phenomenon of death; produce information on how these students interpret the value-related problems regarding death that they come across in different units of hospitals; and assess this data in ethical terms. This study included a qualitative research in which 12 focus group interviews were conducted with 92 fifth- and sixth-year medical students. Data obtained from interviews were assessed using a thematic content secondary analysis. The main themes were specified according to the medical students' statements and were reviewed under the contexts of the "dying process"; "effects of death"; "attitude and behavior of health professionals"; "seeing a dead body/looking at a dead body"; "accepting death"; and "forms of expressions of death." Medical students' encounters with death in different units of hospitals leads them to question their values and familiarize themselves with the borders of their areas of profession.

Effect of Fist Clenching on Vein Visibility and Palpability: An Observational Descriptive Study.

No information exists on the minimum number of times that fist clenching should be performed to increase vein visibility and palpability. In this study, the researchers aimed to determine the average number and duration of fist clenching to increase vein visibility and palpability before peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. This observational study included 207 healthy individuals. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria were asked to perform fist clenching. The number and duration of fist clenches performed to increase dorsal metacarpal vein and cephalic vein grade were determined. The participants carried out fist clenching 7.57 ± 4.26 times for the first increase and 22.16 ± 7.93 times for the second increase in dorsal metacarpal vein grade. Fist clenching was carried out 10.05 ± 7.30 times for the first increase and 21.30 ± 7.86 times for the second increase in cephalic vein visibility. A statistically significant, weak, but positive relationship was observed between the duration of fist clenching and the change in dorsal metacarpal vein grade and anxiety level ( r = 0.194, P < .005). However, the relationship was negative between room temperature and the duration of fist clenching in dorsal metacarpal vein grade ( r = -0.207, P = .003). This inexpensive and simple technique should be performed in specified numbers before catheter insertion.

Nursing Students' Experiences With Death and Terminal Patients During Clinical Education.

The aim of this study is to explore nursing students' experiences with death and terminal patients during clinical education. A secondary analysis of qualitative data that were collected through 11 focus group interviews with nursing students was performed. Data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. There were a total of 9 themes across 3 contexts. Data were grouped under the following themes: feelings experienced when encountering death for the first time, reactions to the first encounter with death, factors affecting the reactions to death, involvement in terminal patient care, being informed about the physical process that terminal patients are going through, students' approach toward terminal patients and their relatives, health professionals' approach toward terminal/dying patients/their relatives, changes in the ideas about death, and changes in the ideas about terminal/dying patients. The study shows a lack of guidance on the part of teachers who also avoid patients and families who are considered terminally ill.

Effect of topical application of black pepper essential oil on peripheral intravenous catheter insertion: A randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: The literature describes many techniques to increase vein visibility and palpability that facilitate peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. However, there is only one study examining the effect of topical essential black pepper oil on veins. We aimed to determine the effects of topical application of black pepper essential oil on peripheral intravenous catheter insertion success. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 60 patients randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=30) or the control group (n=30) reporting to the endoscopy unit of the clinic between May 2019 and October 2019. The study results were evaluated using an information form, a catheter insertion form, and a visual analog scale (VAS). In the experimental group, black pepper essential oil was used to increase vein degree before the procedure, while in the control group, no extra interventions were applied. The time taken in determining an appropriate vein, time taken for successful catheter insertion, and the patient's and nurse's satisfaction after the process were recorded. RESULTS: Significant improvements in vein degree were detected after the experimental group's oil application (p1<0.001). The period of appropriate vein selection and successful catheter insertion showed a statistically significant decrease in the experimental group (p<0.05). The satisfaction levels of patients and nurses in the control group were significantly lower than those of the patients from the experimental group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Topical black pepper oil application can increase the vein degree and the success of the procedure.

Effect of a Vein Imaging Device and of Fist Clenching on Determination of an Appropriate Vein and on Catheter Placement Time in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: As the vein structure gets damaged in patients receiving chemotherapy treatment, placement of peripheral intravenous catheter becomes difficult. To increase the success of peripheral intravenous catheter placement, a vein imaging device and fist clenching can be used. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using a vein imaging device or fist clenching on the determination of an appropriate vein and successful catheter placement time in adult patients receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: One hundred thirty-five patients receiving chemotherapy were randomly assigned to either the vascular imaging device group (n = 45), the fist clenching group (n = 45), or the control group (n = 45). In the vascular imaging group, a vascular imaging device was used to determine the appropriate vein; in the fist clenching group, the patients were asked to open and close their palms to determine the appropriate vein; and in the control group, no interventions except for the process steps were applied and the same nurse carried out the catheter insertion. RESULTS: The durations of determining the appropriate vein and successful peripheral intravenous catheter insertion were shorter in the device group at a significant level (P < .05) compared with the control group. The satisfaction levels of the patients and the nurse were higher in the device group at a significant level (P < .05) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The vascular imaging device was effective in determining the proper vein and in successful intravenous catheter insertion time in patients who were receiving chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The use of vein imaging device will have positive results for patients and nurses.

The effect of professional education on medical and nursing students' attitudes toward death.

This qualitative study aims to reveal the effect of professional education on medical and nursing students' attitudes toward death. The study was carried out with nursing and medical students (N = 197). Research data was collected through semi-structured interview questions and 23 focus group interviews. The data was assessed using thematic analysis method. The themes were evaluated within the context of perception of death, ethical dilemmas, and, death education. To achieve professional competency in attitudes toward death, it is imperative to form a common educational curriculum and practice that would help students develop a mutual language and value system about death.

The relation between nursing students' levels of self-efficacy and caring nurse-patient interaction: a descriptive study.

Background: Nursing is a process of interpersonal interaction. Objective: To determine the relationship between the self-efficacy levels and caring nurse-patient interactions of nursing students. Methods: The study was carried out with 198 students who agreed to participate. The data was collected by using personal information forms, the Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale (CNPIS), and the Self-Efficacy-Sufficiency Scale (SES). Collected data were evaluated via descriptive statistics, independent group t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD and Pearson Correlation analysis. Results: CNPIS sub-dimension point averages were 309.94 ± 34.71 for importance, 278.97 ± 40.81 for competency, and 264.04 ± 46.17 for feasibility. It was determined that there are statistically significant, strong, and positive relations between all sub-dimension of the scale. It was also determined that the scale sub-dimension point averages differ in a statistically significant way on the basis of certain demographic attributes (sex and age of the students (p<0.05)). Furthermore, a statistically significant, positive and medium level relation was determined between the CNPIS importance and competence point averages and SES total points (rimportance: 0.318, pimportance: 0.000; rcompetence: 0.322, pcompetence: 0.000) Conclusions: It was concluded that students scored high points from all sub-dimensions of the CNPIS. It was further determined that students with high levels of self-efficacy/sufficiency have higher levels of caring for nurse-patient interaction. Impact statement: Adequate self-efficacy and sufficiency will be able to provide better nurse-patient interaction which based on care.

Effect of preoperative in-bed exercises and mobilization training on postoperative anxiety and mobilization level.

AIM: This study examines the effect of preoperative training on postoperative mobility and anxiety levels in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled study. The sample of this study consisted of 60 (30 experimental group, 30 control group) total knee arthroplasty patients who were admitted to a public hospital's orthopedic department between January 2019 and May 2019. To collect data, a demographic information form, patient mobility scale, observer mobility scale, and state-trait anxiety inventory were used. The patients in the intervention group practiced bed exercise and mobilization training before total knee arthroplasty surgery. The control group had no intervention. RESULTS: It was determined that the patient mobility scale (2.0 ± 0.83) and observer mobility scale scores (6.93 ± 1.61) of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than the patients in the control group (respectively: 4.16 ± 1.31, 11.0 ± 1.74; p < .05). In the postoperative period, the mean scores of the state (38.86 ± 6.11) and trait anxiety scores (38.26 ± 3.85) of the patients in the experimental group were found to be significantly lower than the patients in the control group (respectively: 59.03 ± 9.10, 43.80 ± 4.38; p < .05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative training reduced the postoperative anxiety and increased the level of patient mobility after total knee arthroplasty in this study.

Effectiveness of an Intravenous Protection Device in Pediatric Patients on Catheter Dwell Time and Phlebitis Score.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to examine the efficacy of the I.V. House UltraDressing for protecting peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) in pediatric patients. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial comprised 60 pediatric patients (aged 2-24 months): 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The PIVC dwell time and phlebitis scores were also reported for both groups. The degree of phlebitis was determined using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale (VIPS) and was recorded every 8 hours from the start of antibiotic therapy until catheter removal. RESULTS: The mean catheter dwell time in the experimental group (2.10 ± 1.55 days) was significantly longer than that in the control group (1.27 ± 0.45 days) (p < .01). However, there were no significant differences between the scores and signs of phlebitis in both groups (p > .05). CONCLUSION: The I.V. House UltraDressing is a useful device that can be used to increase catheter dwell time and protect and stabilize PIVCs in pediatric patients.