Obstetric violence in southwestern Turkey: Risk factors and its relationship to postpartum depression.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between violence, risk factors, and depression at the end of pregnancy. The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 426 women for normal postpartum monitoring during the six-month period and living in southwestern Turkey of the study. About 5.6% of the women who participated in the study were exposed to obstetric violence. 5.2% of them were intimate partner violence before pregnancy. 79.1% (n = 24), 29.1%, and 25% of them were subjected to physical, sexual, and economic violence, respectively. In addition, 7.5% of women were exposed to verbal obstetric violence. It was found that the postpartum depression scores of the women who had been subjected to violence from their husbands before pregnancy were high.

The psychometric properties and validity of the Turkish version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS-Turkish).

In our study, we aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS). A total of 220 pregnant women participated in the study. The content validity of the scale was evaluated by the content validity index (CVI) and its construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability of the scale was assessed with internal consistency analysis, item analysis, test-retest reliability, and parallel forms reliability. After the modification, the t values, factor loadings and fit indices of the scale items were at a good and acceptable level (χ2 = 1114.57, df = 505, χ2/df = 2.20, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.07, CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.90). Hence, a 34-item, 7-factor construct was confirmed for the Turkish version of the BIPS. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the overall scale was 0.90 and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients of the subscales were within the range of 0.65-0.94. Test-retest and parallel forms reliability of the scale were at a sufficient level. In conclusion, it was determined that BIPS can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate body image perceptions of Turkish pregnant women.

The Mass Media Used by University Students for Becoming Informed about Disaster News and the Effects of Disaster News on Quaternary Victimization: The Example of Burdur Province in Turkey.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mass media used by university students to become informed about disaster news and the impact of disaster news on quaternary victimization. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study. The universe of the study consisted of 20,681 students studying at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, while the sample consisted of 1320 (1290) students. The quaternary effects of disasters on them were measured using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSQW). Independent samples test and One-way ANOVA test were used in the data analysis. When the students watched disaster news in the media, they had worries for Turkey (12.5%), anxiety (11.2%), the thought of what would i do (13.4%), and a desire to help (12.6%). The students often used mass media to become informed about disaster news. The students were directly affected by the news they watched and thus they often felt worry, restlessness, thought about what they would do, and felt a desire to help.

Psychiatric inpatients' view of the therapeutic environment: A Turkish interview study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the feelings, thoughts, and experiences of inpatients in a psychiatric clinic about the therapeutic environment of the clinic. DESIGN AND METHODS: The data were collected in interviews using the phenomenological method and interpreted using Strauss and Corbin's approach to qualitative data analysis. FINDINGS: As a result of the data analysis, four themes, "Activities," "Physical Environment," "Personnel," and "Rules" were determined, and each with a number of related subthemes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The therapeutic environment is a dynamic space that can be modified according to the needs of the patients. Psychiatric nurses will benefit from responding to the feedback from patients by providing, for example, more activities or additional psychotherapeutic interventions.

Determination of the knowledge and awareness of nursing students about elder neglect and abuse: The case in Turkey.

PURPOSE: This study determined the level of knowledge and awareness of elder neglect and abuse among nursing students in Turkey. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive study surveyed 2128 nursing students across seven Turkish universities. FINDINGS: Results indicated that 31.1% of students had received training on elder neglect and abuse; 77.5% considered their knowledge of the topic to be sufficient; 18.7% had encountered elder neglect and abuse during their education; 58.7% did nothing for the situation; 95.2% thought that people living alone were exposed to elder neglect and abuse more frequently; and 94.8% of students thought that elders who could not meet their own needs were exposed to more neglect and abuse. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Future nurses need to increase their level of knowledge about abuse and neglect of the elderly.

The Social Media Disorder and Ostracism in Adolescents: (OSTRACA- SM Study).

OBJECTIVE: Social media disorder (SMD) is defined as a behavioral addiction and has been associated with depression, loneliness, narcissism, low self-esteem, poor sleep quality, and low academic performance. Ostracism is a term defined as being ignored or excluded by others. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictors of ostracism in adolescents and test the effect of SMD on ostracism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed as a survey study. Adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age were administered a structured questionnaire to assess socio demographic properties, SMD, and ostracism. The SMD Scale and Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents (OES-A) were used. Between January and June 2018, 864 university students ≤18 years of age were invited to the study and 684 (79.1%) of them participated. RESULTS: We found a positive correlation between OES-A and SMD scores (r=0.52, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, male gender, absence of a hobby, not being successful in the university, and high SMD scores were associated with high OES-A scores. CONCLUSION: This is the first data obtained proving an association between SMD and ostracism. The impact of SMD and ostracism on psychosocial issues should be further evaluated.

Effect of Psychoeducation on Stress in Parents of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Study.

The current experimental pre-/posttest study sought to determine the effect of psychoeducation on the stress levels of parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 172 parents participated and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 86) and control (n = 86) groups. There was no significant difference between mean pretest scores of parents in the experimental and control groups on the Caregiver Stress Scale (p > 0.005); however, significant differences were found between pre- and posttest scores in the experimental group after psychoeducation and at 6-month follow up (p < 0.001). There were also significant differences between pre- and posttest scores and pretest scores and 6-month follow-up scores in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the light of the findings, psychiatric nurses can use psychoeducation programs to support families of children with ADHD to reduce their stress levels. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(7), 34-41.].

Hope and belonging in patients with schizophrenia: A phenomenological study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine in depth the senses of hope and belonging in patients with schizophrenia and factors which affect these. DESIGN AND METHODS: The data were collected through the phenomenological interview method and interpreted using Strauss and Corbin's approach to qualitative data analysis. FINDINGS: Patients with schizophrenia reported that having hope and feeling a sense of belonging were very important to them and patients with the same diagnosis, and that being accepted by society, being employed and being productive increased their senses of both hope and belonging. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: For the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia, which is a chronic disease, psychiatric nurses should carry out activities which increase their senses of hope and belonging.

It is not diabetic foot: it is my foot.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the experiences of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). METHOD: This qualitative study, using patient interviews, focused on how inpatients receiving treatment for diabetes experience the disease. Patients were selected using a purposive sampling method. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients participated in the study. Following analysis of patient interviews, four main themes were determined: 'developing diabetic foot', 'living with diabetic foot', 'coping with diabetic foot' and 'expectations'. CONCLUSION: Most of the patients were afraid of losing their feet and had difficulties in coping with the situation. Patients expected health professionals to understand the difficulties they were experiencing. To better understand the needs and experiences of patients, healthcare professionals should work with these patient groups as part of in-service training programmes. Such programmes should also include therapeutic communication techniques and models for professional patient-client communication.

Fear of crime and related factors in relatives of individuals with mental disorders.

This study was conducted to investigate the fear of crime among relatives of individuals with mental disorders. The study was a cross-sectional epidemiological study. The sample consisted of 545 people. A questionnaire to collect data was developed by the researchers using the literature. 11.0% of the women and 19.4% of the men stated that their exposure to crime had decreased. Patients' relatives felt that the most disturbing behavior of other people towards their relatives was stigmatization (47.3%), while what made patients' relatives happiest was when other people talked and chatted to the patient (80.3%). The fear of crime in family members of individuals with mental disorders was found to be greater in women. The family members who participated in the study were found to fear their relatives being victims of crime due to stigmatization and social exclusion.

Examining the relationship between traumatic growth and psychological resilience in young adult children of parents with and without a mental disorder.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between traumatic growth and psychological resilience in young adult children of parents with a mental disorder and to compare them with young adult children of parents without mental disorders. BACKGROUND: Negative life experiences that lead to trauma can affect young adults' psychological resilience, either positively or negatively. This study investigates levels of traumatic growth, the characteristics of psychological resilience and the relationship between the former and latter in young adults between the ages of 18-23 who have parents with a mental disorder and who have parents without a mental disorder. DESIGN: This study was designed as a cross-sectional, descriptive study and was conducted between June 1 and October 31, 2017. METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of young adult children of outpatients with mental disorders who applied to the Psychiatric Polyclinics of Burdur State Hospital (334) and young adult children of parents without mental disorders who applied to different polyclinics (332). A total of 666 individuals participated in the study. RESULTS: Comparative analyses showed a significant difference between the participants who had parents with a mental disorder and participants who had parents without mental disorders in terms of the mean scale scores and all subscale scores on the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and Resilience Scale for Adults. CONCLUSION: It was found that individuals who had parents without a mental disorder were negatively affected after traumatic events and that their psychological resilience was high. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study provides data on the characteristics of traumatic growth and psychological resilience levels of not only young adults whose parents have mental disorders but also young adults whose parents do not have mental disorders. In the light of this study's findings, psychiatric nurses may benefit from conducting early screening and intervention programmes to help increase the psychological resilience of young adults whose parents have mental disorders.

Relation Among Anxiety and Family Burden in Primary First-Degree Caregivers of Outpatients with Mental Disorders in Turkey.

The aim of this study was to determine the relation among anxiety and family burden in primary first-degree relative caregivers of outpatients with mental disorders in Turkey. Data were collected with patients' primary first-degree relative caregivers via the Information Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Perceived Family Burden Scale (PFBS). In all, 481 caregivers (325 women and 156 men) participated in this study. Based on this study's results, primary caregivers of patients with mental disorders had a moderate level anxiety, and as anxiety increased, family burden also increased. Those results suggest that mental health nurses should plan interventions not only for patients, but also for their family member or their caregivers to decrease anxiety level.

Roles of Psychiatry Nurses Within a Therapeutic Environment of Psychiatry Clinics in Turkey.

OBJECT: The object of this study is to determine the roles of psychiatry nurses within the therapeutic environment of psychiatry clinics in Turkey. METHODS: This study was performed in a cross-sectional and descriptive design in 195 institutes comprising psychiatry clinics in Turkey. RESULTS: When the responsibilities of nurses for clinical activities were asked, the following answers were obtained: playing with patients or painting at a rate of 54,4%. It was determined that in the majority of psychiatry clinics, there were educational activities which were conducted by nurses. CONCLUSION: The researchers propose that the increase in the roles and responsibilities of nurses in such activities be supported.

The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced (pT3, pT4a) and/or lymph node-positive bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To report the long-term follow up of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer treated with either adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) or methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, and cisplatin (MVEC) or no additional treatment after radical cystectomy, to examine various survival endpoints and factors associated with long-term survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight patients undergoing radical cystectomy for pathologic stage T3, T4 or lymph node-positive (N+) bladder cancer were divided to observation group (46 patients) and adjuvant chemotherapy group (32 patients). Data were obtained for recurrence free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: One-, 2- and 5-year RFS rates were 74, 56.8 and 51.1% for chemotherapy arm, whereas these ratios were 50.6, 31 and 27.6% for control arm, respectively (P = 0.032). RFS rates were significantly better in patients with lymph node-negative disease than in those with positive lymph nodes for control arm (P = 0.007), but for the chemotherapy arm there was no statistical difference between patients with lymph node-negative and -positive disease (P = 0.28). Mean OS and RFS times were 31.03 and 28.4 months for chemotherapy arm, while they were 22.17 and 18.09 months for control arm, respectively (P = 0.142, P = 0.196). On multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis and adjuvant chemotherapy remained significant independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder cancer is chemosensitive, and using adjuvant chemotherapy is likely to improve the outcome of local treatment and to decrease the rates of distant metastases.

Prognostic significance of hydronephrosis in bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Hydronephrosis is a common finding in patients with bladder cancer. This study aims at an analysis of the association between hydronephrosis, pathologic characteristics of bladder cancer and cancer-specific survival rate after radical cystectomy. METHODS: Clinical data of 241 patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 1990 and 2007 for invasive bladder cancer were analyzed retrospectively. The significance of the relation between the clinical and pathological findings were determined by the chi(2) test. The Kaplan-Meier test was used for the estimation of disease-specific survival obtained according to hydronephrosis, and the differences were examined by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox regression model. RESULTS: Of 241 patients, 39 (16.2%) had unilateral and 13 (5.4%) bilateral hydronephrosis. Five-year cancer-specific survival rates were reported as 63.4% in non-hydronephrotic and 11.57% in hydronephrotic patients (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The presence of hydronephrosis was associated with advanced pT stage, higher tumor grade and lymph node metastases (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that hydronephrosis is an important factor directly affecting cancer-specific survival (0.0264). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of hydronephrosis prior to radical cystectomy is a significant prognostic parameter, associated with poor cancer-specific survival and advanced disease stage.

The prognostic significance of advanced age in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of patient age with pathological and long-term oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder carcinoma, as this disease, like many others, increases in incidence with age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 241 consecutive patients with invasive bladder cancer who had RC between 1990 and 2007. The age at RC was analysed both as a continuous and categorical (< or =50 years, 38 patients; 51-69, 172; or > or =70, 31) variable. Survival was also analysed. RESULTS: Increasing age, analysed as a continuous and categorical variable, was associated with advanced pathological stage (P = 0.009 and 0.006, respectively). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates for patients according to the age groups were 78.5%, 44.9% and 28.1%, respectively, and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an increased risk of bladder cancer-specific death with advancing age (P < 0.001). Being older at RC was an important prognostic factor for disease-specific survival in a multivariate Cox regression model. Patients aged > or =70 years had a significantly higher risk of disease than patients aged < or =50 years (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Higher age at RC is significantly associated with the risk of pathologically advanced disease and poorer cancer-specific survival. More prospective work is needed to examine the impact of age on tumour biology and cancer-specific survival.

Investigation of seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Nigde province, Turkey.

The prevalence of equine piroplasmosis caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Nigde, in central Anatolia, Turkey has remained unknown. Serum samples were obtained from a total of 125 horses and were tested for antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi using the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). Twenty-three (18.4%) horses were seropositive for equine piroplasmosis. Anti-T. equi was observed in 16 horses (12.8%) while anti-B. caballi was detected in 12 horses (9.6%). In addition, 5 serum samples were positive for both parasites. The prevalence rates of antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi for female and male horses were statistically indifferent (p = 0.19 and 0.90). The difference between the seropositivity rates to T. equi among age groups was statistically insignificant (p = 0.44) while the difference to B. caballi among age groups is statistically significant (p = 0.01). Seropositivity rates ranged from 2.9% to 25.7% for T. equi and 2.9% to 14.3% for B. caballi from the selected districts in Nigde. A statistically significant difference on seropositivity rates for the study sites was observed for only T.equi (p = 0.03). This study indicates that T. equi is higher than B. caballi in Nigde.

Topical cyclosporine A in the prevention of pterygium recurrence.

AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of postoperative topical cyclosporine A 0.05% (tCsA) (Restasis, Allergan Pharmaceutical) eye drops in preventing the recurrence of pterygium. METHODS: 31 patients with bilateral pterygium were examined between January 2006 and February 2007. During a 1-year follow-up, the right eyes of the patients assigned as the treatment group were treated by tCsA and the left eyes were considered as the control group. RESULTS: The pterygium recurred in 4 (12.9%) of 31 right eyes in the treatment group and in 14 (45.2%) of 31 left eyes in the control group (p = 0.005). The mean follow-up +/- SD was 9.39 +/- 4.14 months (range, 1 to 12 months). The control group had a 7.37 times higher risk of recurrence in pterygium compared with the treatment group (OR = 0.1357, p = 0.0051). A statistically significant difference in recurrence-free probabilities was found for the treatment and control groups (log-rank test; p = 0.006). A multivariate Cox regression model showed that age (p = 0.0093) and tCsA (p = 0.0103) were independent statistically significant impacts on recurrence-free time for pterygium. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that primary excision of pterygium with postoperative instillation of 0.05% cyclosporine is both safe and efficient.

Does renal capsular invasion have any prognostic value in localized renal cell carcinoma?

PURPOSE: We evaluated the impact of renal capsular invasion without perirenal fat invasion in the outcome of patients with localized renal cell cancer treated surgically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 249 consecutive patients with localized renal cell cancer (pT1-pT2N0M0) who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy between 1995 and 2007. Pathological staging was done according to the 2002 TNM staging system. Association of clinical and pathological parameters with capsular invasion was determined using the chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier estimations of disease specific survival were generated according to capsular invasion and the log rank test was used to compare survival according to the variable. RESULTS: Renal capsular invasion was detected in 79 of the 249 patients (31.7%). Of the patients 19 of 96 (19.8%) with pT1a, 26 of 87 (29.9%) with pT1b and 34 of 66 (51.1%) with pT2 had renal capsular invasion. Tumor diameter and high grade were associated with renal capsular invasion (p <0.05). Mean followup was 40.7 months. Five-year disease specific survival in patients with and without capsular invasion was 92.7% and 90.4%, respectively (p >0.05). In pT1a, pT1b and pT2 cases differences in Kaplan-Meier estimations according to renal capsular invasion were statistically insignificant (p >0.05). On multivariate analysis renal capsular invasion was not detected as an independent prognostic factor for disease specific survival (HR 0.6582, p = 0.5373). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor diameter and high grade were associated with renal capsular invasion in stage pT1-2 renal cell cancer. However, capsular invasion did not have any independent impact on patient survival.