Efficacy of nasal stimulants on interpersonal communication - a narrative review.

The aim of this paper is to review the use of nasal stimulants in interpersonal communication. The literature survey was performed from PubMed, ProQuest Central database of Anadolu University, and Google Scholar. Throughout history, various materials have been used as nasal stimulants to communicate and socialize intensively. Snuff is tobacco inhaled into the nostrils. It goes through the nasal mucosa into the blood and affects the neural system. Maras Powder is also a smokeless tobacco type common in the southeast of Turkey, especially in Gaziantep and Maras, which gave its name to the product. Cocaine is made from the coca plant, and it can be in the form of powder and rock. The rock one is also known as crack. It passes through the nostrils and is absorbed in the blood, causing paranoias, sleeplessness, extreme energy, and more confidence. When oxytocin is said, some positive words come to mind, such as socializing, relationships, feeling of trust, and understanding. It is a hormone and neurotransmitter. Increasing interpersonal communication in the shortest time is an important issue today. Online meetings, the ability of different people to work on the same file simultaneously over the computer, cause individuals to distance themselves from each other and decrease communication among them. Despite being in the same social environment, friends often communicate with others with their smartphones instead of having face-to-face relations. To increase interpersonal communication experience, events involving alcohol take is the mostly commonly used one. Nasal snuff, cocaine, crack, and oxytocin abolish self-control which affects interpersonal communication negatively at the end of the day.

Patient characteristics in Behçet's Syndrome and their associations with major organ involvement: a single-centre experience of 2118 cases.

Objectives: To evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS), and to define their associations with the presence of major organ involvement (MOI).Method: Medical records of 2118 patients (964 males, 1154 females) were analysed retrospectively. MOI was defined as the presence of at least one of vascular, eye, nervous, or gastrointestinal system involvement. Univariable and multivariable binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the factors that were potentially associated with MOI.Results: The mean ± sd age at diagnosis was 30.5 ± 9.4 years. Genital ulcer and joint involvement were more common in females (both p < 0.001), while MOI was more frequent in males (p < 0.001). Genital ulcer (p < 0.001) and vascular involvement (p = 0.006) were more common in patients with a younger age at diagnosis, while joint involvement was more common in older patients. A total of 1097 patients (51.8%) had at least one MOI, 322 (15.2%) at least two MOIs, and 48 (2.3%) at least three MOIs. Male gender, smoking history, and absence of genital ulcer were significantly associated with MOI in multivariable binary logistic regression. Multivariable ordinal regression analyses confirmed the association between MOI and male gender and smoking, but not the protective effect of genital ulcers. In both regression analyses, we found no significant effects of age, human leucocyte antigen-B51, skin involvement, or joint involvement on MOI.Conclusion: Male gender and positive smoking history have a significant influence on the presence of MOI in patients with BS.

Labor induction at term: a comparison of the effects of 50 microg and 25 microg vaginal misoprostol.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To compare the effects of 50 microg of vaginal misoprostol with 25 microg for labor induction at term. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven pregnant women with indications for labor induction and cervical Bishop's score of < or = 6 were randomly assigned to receive either 50 microg (n = 74) or 25 microg (n = 73) of vaginal misoprostol every four hours until either a Bishop's score of > or = 8 or adequate uterine contraction frequency had been achieved. Induction-to-vaginal-delivery time was considered the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Mean induction-to-vaginal-delivery time was significantly shorter in the 50-microg group than in the 25-microg group (526 +/- 141 min vs 745 +/- 218 min, respectively); oxytocin was administered to 65.8% of the patients in the 25-microg group and to 35.1% in the 50-microg group (p < .05). The incidence of tachysystole was significantly higher in the 50-microg group than in the 25-microg group (12% vs 2.7%, p < .05). We found no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to the rate of primary cesarean section, incidence of hyperstimulation syndrome, or neonatal outcome (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Fifty micrograms of vaginally administered misoprostol is an effective and inexpensive means of inducing labor at term. Uterine tachysystole may be associated more frequently with a 50-microg dose of vaginal misoprostol than with a 25-microg dose. Clinicians must accurately document the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions before every 50-microg dose of misoprostol is administered.

Thecoma associated with pregnancy: a case report.

Ovarian thecoma, which belongs to the group of sex-cord stromal tumors, is a relatively rare neoplasm. In this report we present a pregnant woman with a solid ovarian mass diagnosed during pregnancy and operated on at the 19th gestational week. At surgical exploration, torsion of the ovarian tumor was observed together with ascites and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed a luteinized thecoma. After the surgery, the pregnancy continued uneventfully until term.

Pelvic retroperitoneal paraganglioma mimicking an ovarian mass.

A 75-year-old hypertensive woman was referred with ultrasound findings of a 40 x 35 mm semi-solid right adnexal mass and right hydroureteronephrosis. She complained of headache and right-sided back pain. Computed tomography demonstrated a cystic adnexal mass that did not appear to originate from the right ovary and grade 2 hydroureteronephrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated that the mass originated from the right ovary. Tumor markers were in the normal range. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to determine the origin of the lesion, and revealed a retroperitoneal mass obstructing the right ureter. The mass was completely removed and and the histopathologic diagnosis was paraganglioma.

Pregnancy during hemodialysis: perinatal outcome in our cases.

The perinatal outcome of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis has been improved in recent years. In this report we review the treatment and outcome of seven pregnancies in women undergoing chronic hemodialysis before and during pregnancy between 2000 and 2002. The hemodialysis schedule was increased from 4 hours twice weekly to 4 hours four to six times weekly. Hemodialysis was performed using a high-flux dialyzer with volume-controlled ultrafiltration. The patients were followed in close collaboration between the obstetrician and the nephrologist. Monitoring of fetal well-being was started after 24 weeks' gestation, using cardiotocography by a nonstress test twice weekly and by weekly Doppler flow measurements. All patients underwent uterine contraction monitoring immediately after the dialysis. The mean gestational age at delivery was 32 weeks (range, 26 to 36 weeks). The causes of preterm delivery were premature contractions, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The outcomes were two pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios and six pregnancies, that resulted in live births, all of whom survived. There was one neonatal death. The mean newborn birthweight was 1400 g (range, 420 to 2640 g) and the 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores ranged from 2/8 and 4/10, respectively one infant at 29-weeks gestation experienced respiratory distress syndrome but did well after 12 days. Cesarean section was performed in four pregnancies. The mothers were discharged on postoperative days 3 to 5. It is well known that the management of pregnant patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis is difficult. However, advances in dialysis, obstetrics, and neonatal care have improved the outcomes.

Primary carcinoid tumor of the ovary: a case report.

Primary ovarian carcinoid tumors are rare. A 47-year-old woman presented to our emergency room with lower abdominal pain. Physical examination, pelvic ultrasonographic evaluation and abdominal computed tomography revealed a 10-cm mass in the right ovary containing cystic and solid components, as well as calcifications typical of a dermoid cyst. At laparotomy, a smooth-surfaced, firm and mobile right adnexal mass with solid and cystic portions was detected. Initially, right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Frozen-section examination identified the mass as a sex cord stromal tumor containing a mature cystic teratoma. Based on this finding, total abdominal hysterectomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, appendectomy were performed, and the pelvic-paraaortic lymph nodes were also removed. All histological findings in the right ovary were similar to the features of cystic teratoma and trabecular carcinoid tumor. Examination of the resected lymphatic, omental, and appendiceal tissue indicated no tumoral invasion. The diagnosis was ovarian carcinoid Stage IA. Serum testing post-surgery revealed that the levels of cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 and CA125 were 18.5 u/ml and 10.5 u/ml, respectively. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. The report describes the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of a primary ovarian carcinoid that contained a mature cystic teratoma.