Factores de riesgo para accidente vascular encefálico en un hospital universitario / Cerebrovascular risk factors seen in a university hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los factores de riesgo (FR) para accidente vascular encefálico (AVE) pediátrico difieren del adulto e incluyen un amplio rango de enfermedades, como pueden ser cardiopatías, infecciones, leucemias y errores congénitos del metabolismo. OBJETIVOS: Describir FR en AVE isquémico en población pediátrica y explorar asociación de los FR con edad, sexo y tipo de AVE. Pacientes y método: Se analizaron 114 casos pediátricos con AVE isquémico ocurridos entre enero del 2003 y julio del 2012. Los FR se estratificaron en 6 categorías, los AVE isquémicos se clasificaron como arterial y venoso. Se compararon los FR con edad, sexo y tipo de infarto (chi al cuadrado y odds ratio). RESULTADOS: La mediana de edad fue 2,5 años, 74 (62,2%) hombres. El 7,9% de los pacientes no tenía FR identificable y el 67% tenía más de uno. La mayor frecuencia de FR fue: enfermedades sistémicas agudas (56,1%), cardiopatías (35,1%) y enfermedades crónicas sistémicas (29,8%). Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre FR enfermedad sistémica aguda y edad menor de 5 años (p < 0,001) y entre enfermedad crónica sistémica y edad mayor o igual a 5 años (p < 0,02). El FR cardiopatía se asoció a infarto arterial (p < 0,05) y el FR enfermedad aguda de cabeza y cuello con infarto venoso (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Los FR de AVE isquémico en la población pediátrica son múltiples y algunos de ellos se asocian a edades específicas y tipo de AVE. La detección de estos factores permitirá la prevención primaria en la población de riesgo así como un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, haciendo igualmente posible la prevención de recurrencias

INTRODUCTION: Risk factors (RF) in pediatric stroke differ from those of adults, and they include a wide range of diseases such as heart disease, infections, leukemias, and inborn errors of metabolism. OBJECTIVES: To describe RF for ischemic stroke in a pediatric population, and to examine the relationship of RF with age, sex and type of stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An analysis was made of database of 114 children and adolescents with ischemic stroke from January 2003 to July 2012. Risk factors were stratified into 6 categories and ischemic strokes were classified as arterial and venous. We compared the RF with age, sex, and type of stroke (chi2 and OR). RESULTS: The median age was 2.5 years, with 74 (62.2%) males. No RF was identified in 7.9% of patients, and 67% had more than one RF. The most common RF were acute systemic diseases (56.1%), heart disease (35.1%), and chronic systemic diseases (29.8%). There was a statistically significant association between acute systemic disease and age less than 5 years (P<0.001), and between chronic systemic disease and age 5 years or more (P<.02). The RF of heart disease was associated with arterial infarction (P<0.05), and the acute head and neck disease RF was associated with venous infarction (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RF for ischemic stroke are multiple in the pediatric population, and some of them are associated with a specific age and type of stroke. The detection of these factors may help in the primary prevention of people at risk, an early diagnosis, and treatment and prevention of recurrences

[Cerebrovascular risk factors seen in a university hospital]. / Factores de riesgo para accidente vascular encefálico en un hospital universitario.

INTRODUCTION: Risk factors (RF) in pediatric stroke differ from those of adults, and they include a wide range of diseases such as heart disease, infections, leukemias, and inborn errors of metabolism. OBJECTIVES: To describe RF for ischemic stroke in a pediatric population, and to examine the relationship of RF with age, sex and type of stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An analysis was made of database of 114 children and adolescents with ischemic stroke from January 2003 to July 2012. Risk factors were stratified into 6 categories and ischemic strokes were classified as arterial and venous. We compared the RF with age, sex, and type of stroke (chi2 and OR). RESULTS: The median age was 2.5 years, with 74 (62.2%) males. No RF was identified in 7.9% of patients, and 67% had more than one RF. The most common RF were acute systemic diseases (56.1%), heart disease (35.1%), and chronic systemic diseases (29.8%). There was a statistically significant association between acute systemic disease and age less than 5 years (P<.001), and between chronic systemic disease and age 5 years or more (P<.02). The RF of heart disease was associated with arterial infarction (P<.05), and the acute head and neck disease RF was associated with venous infarction (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RF for ischemic stroke are multiple in the pediatric population, and some of them are associated with a specific age and type of stroke. The detection of these factors may help in the primary prevention of people at risk, an early diagnosis, and treatment and prevention of recurrences.