RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: An increased incidence of stroke in HIV-infected patients has already been reported, suggesting that HIV infection may be a cerebrovascular risk factor. The objective of this study was to assess temporal trends in the proportion of HIV infection among patients with stroke in Spain. METHODS: Data were obtained from the minimum basic dataset (MBDS) of all patients hospitalized in Spain between 1997 and 2012 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of stroke. The annual proportion of HIV infection and time trends (stratifying by type of stroke and HIV stage) were calculated, and predictors of HIV infection and the social and economic impact of HIV-infected (HIV+) and non-infected (HIV−) patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 857,371 patients hospitalized with an incident stroke, 2134 (0.25%) had HIV infection. A 2.5% year-on-year increase (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.015-1.036, p < 0.0001) of the proportion of HIV-infected patients was observed due to an increase in the asymptomatic stage of the infection (per year OR 1.077, 95% CI 1.057-1.097, p < 0.0001), as the proportion of patients with AIDS remained stable. Factors independently associated with HIV infection and stroke were active smoking, stimulating drugs and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A higher mortality rate, longer hospital stay and a higher cost per hospitalized patient was observed among HIV+ patients. CONCLUSIONS: From 1997 to 2012, there was an increase in the proportion of HIV infection among patients hospitalized with stroke irrespective of the classical vascular risk factors, reinforcing the role of HIV infection as a cerebrovascular risk factor
INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha observado previamente un aumento de la incidencia de ictus en pacientes con VIH (VIH+), lo que sugiere que esta infección es un factor de riesgo cerebrovascular (FRCV). El objetivo fue analizar las tendencias temporales del porcentaje de VIH+ en pacientes con ictus en España. MÉTODOS: Los datos se obtuvieron del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos (CMBD), incluyendo a todos los pacientes hospitalizados en España entre 1997 y 2012 con un diagnóstico primario o secundario de ictus. Se calcularon el porcentaje anual de infección por VIH y las tendencias temporales (estratificados por el tipo de ictus y el estadio del VIH), así como los factores predictores independientes de infección por VIH en pacientes con ictus. La mortalidad, las estancias hospitalarias y el coste por paciente fueron similares entre los pacientes VIH+ y los pacientes no infectados por el VIH (VIH-). RESULTADOS: De los 857.371 pacientes hospitalizados con un ictus incidente, 2.134 (0,25%) presentaban infección por VIH. Se observó un aumento de un 2,5% anual (OR: 1,025; IC del 95%: 1,015-1,036; p < 0,0001) en el porcentaje de infección por VIH, secundario a un aumento en el estadio asintomático de la infección (OR anual: 1,077; IC del 95%: 1,057-1,097; p < 0,0001), puesto que el porcentaje permaneció estable en pacientes con SIDA. La infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC), el consumo de drogas estimulantes y el tabaquismo activo fueron factores independientemente asociados a sufrir un ictus y presentar VIH. Se observó una mayor mortalidad (OR: 1,81; p < 0,0001) y una mayor estancia hospitalaria y coste por paciente hospitalizado en los pacientes VIH+. CONCLUSIONES: De 1997 a 2012, se ha observado un aumento del porcentaje de infección por VIH en pacientes hospitalizados con ictus independientemente de los factores de riesgo clásicos, lo que refuerza el papel de las infecciones por VIH como FRCV
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Incidência , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: An increased incidence of stroke in HIV-infected patients has already been reported, suggesting that HIV infection may be a cerebrovascular risk factor. The objective of this study was to assess temporal trends in the proportion of HIV infection among patients with stroke in Spain. METHODS: Data were obtained from the minimum basic dataset (MBDS) of all patients hospitalized in Spain between 1997 and 2012 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of stroke. The annual proportion of HIV infection and time trends (stratifying by type of stroke and HIV stage) were calculated, and predictors of HIV infection and the social and economic impact of HIV-infected (HIV+) and non-infected (HIV-) patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 857,371 patients hospitalized with an incident stroke, 2134 (0.25%) had HIV infection. A 2.5% year-on-year increase (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.015-1.036, p<0.0001) of the proportion of HIV-infected patients was observed due to an increase in the asymptomatic stage of the infection (per year OR 1.077, 95% CI 1.057-1.097, p<0.0001), as the proportion of patients with AIDS remained stable. Factors independently associated with HIV infection and stroke were active smoking, stimulating drugs and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A higher mortality rate, longer hospital stay and a higher cost per hospitalized patient was observed among HIV+ patients. CONCLUSIONS: From 1997 to 2012, there was an increase in the proportion of HIV infection among patients hospitalized with stroke irrespective of the classical vascular risk factors, reinforcing the role of HIV infection as a cerebrovascular risk factor.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: HHV7 reactivation has been occasionally reported as a cause of encephalitis or myelitis in transplant recipients, but to our knowledge it has never been associated with neurological disease in HIV-infected patients. We report a case of acute myelitis in an HIV-infected patient, with sustained HHV-7 DNA amplification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a favourable response to foscarnet. CASE REPORT: A 40 year-old man with HIV infection was admitted with asymmetric hypoesthesia in legs and paraparesis. He was receiving treatment with efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir, his CD4 count was 580/mm3 and HIV viral load was undetectable. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a focal central hyperintensity on T2 and STIR sequences, on the torathic spinal cord, with slight enhancement after intravenous gadolinium. All microbiological studies were negative except for HHV-7 DNA amplification in CSF. With a diagnosis of idiopathic transverse myelitis, treatment with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone was initiated. However, paraparesis continued worsening, and a second CSF obtained 12 days after the first one resulted again in HHV-7 amplification. RESULTS: The patient was treated with a 2 week course of foscarnet, and a rapid neurological improvement was noted. After treatment, PCR for HHV-7 in CSF was negative. Neurological exam was normal one month after treatment initiation. CONCLUSION: HHV-7 reactivation may cause neurological disease in patients with HIV infection. Foscarnet is an effective treatment in HHV-7 associated myelitis.
