RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Subgroups of the general population including Hispanic/Latinx individuals report higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy than non-Hispanic White individuals. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among unvaccinated Hispanic adults utilizing a free community clinic in Orlando, Florida, USA. METHODS: From May 2021 to July 2021, we used convenience sampling to recruit 20 self-identified Hispanic adults who were unvaccinated to complete an individual, semi-structured interview. Interview questions were derived from constructs from the Health Belief Model. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated (when necessary), and qualitatively analyzed using inductive content analysis to identify recurring themes. RESULTS: Of the 20 participants in this study, 65% were female (n=13) and they ranged from 21 to 73 years of age (median age =42.5). We identified three primary themes in participant responses regarding their beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. Primary theme 1: trust and clarity of COVID-19 vaccine information, with subthemes (1a) source trustworthiness, and (1b) clarity of COVID-19 vaccine information. Primary theme 2: personal contextual factors, with subthemes (2a) underlying health conditions, (2b) personal experiences with COVID-19, and (2c) immigration. Primary theme 3: lack of confidence, yet willingness to be vaccinated, with subthemes (3a) fear and distrust and (3b) willingness to be vaccinated. In summary, participants felt hesitant, although not completely opposed, to receiving COVID-19 vaccinations due to the information they gathered on vaccines from various sources received in the context of important personal factors (e.g., immigration, underlying health concerns, etc.). CONCLUSIONS: Overcoming vaccine hesitancy in vulnerable populations such as the Hispanic communities may require addressing issues of message clarity through trusted sources while considering personal contextual factors. Healthcare professionals can begin by initiating discussions with patients to understand individual circumstances and concerns and provide information on COVID-19 vaccines that clarify areas of confusion.
