Application and Use of Andersen's Behavioral Model as Theoretical Framework: A Systematic Literature Review from 2012-2021.

Background: Anderson's model provides a theoretical structure to understand use of health service. This scoping review aimed to examine the application of Andersen's behavioral model in different studies. Methods: Related studies that were published between 2012 and 2021 were retrieved by searching PubMed, Science Direct, and CINAHL databases. Fourteen studies satisfied the criteria for inclusion. Results: The reviewed studies specified that the Andersen's Model has been used in numerous parts of the health system and concerning different illnesses. The reviewed studies revealed differences in the factors examined. Most of the studies examined age, education, gender, marital status, and employment status as predisposing factors, and income, medical insurance, and living location as enabling factors. While, the chronic illnesses and perceived general health status were examined as need factors, in addition to an extensive diversity of health conditions and illnesses. Though the associations were established among the key factors tested in the reviewed studies and health care service use, the findings were inconsistent. In the reviewed studies, the setting and the study population characteristics looked to have a strong influence on the direction and strength of these associations. Conclusion: Merely a slight number of common factors were examined and there were enormous differences in the methods by which these factors were classified. Future and primary studies are necessary to deepen our understanding of the use of health care services and the complexity of the Andersen's behavioral model.

Knowledge and Compliance With Standard Precautions Among Nurses.

Introduction: The spread of microorganisms is caused by direct or indirect contact, respiratory droplets, and airborne transmission. Knowledge and compliance with standard precautions are crucial in preventing infection in the hospital. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and compliance with standard precautions among registered nurses who work in military hospitals and the factors affecting compliance with standard precautions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and eight registered nurses at three Jordanian Royal Medical Services hospitals completed an online self-report questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data. Results: The level of knowledge of standard precautions among nurses was excellent, with an overall mean score of 15.59 ± 2.22 out of 20; around half (54%) of them had an excellent level. Nurses' compliance with standard precautions was intermediate, with an overall mean score of 59.65 ± 14.57 out of 80. Forty-seven percent of nurses had a high degree of compliance. Compliance with standard precautions was correlated positively with age, working experience in years, total knowledge score, training in standard precautions, and availability of personal protective equipment, and negatively with exposure to sharp injuries. Conclusion: Nurses play a key role in preventing and managing hospital infections through their responsibility for a large proportion of patient treatment and care. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve nurses' perceptions of the basic elements of standard precautions. Even so, results showed that compliance with standard precautions was intermediate. This highlights the need to take the necessary measures to raise the level of compliance. Even so, results showed that compliance with standard precautions was intermediate. This highlights the need to take the necessary measures to raise the level of compliance.

Pain experience of cancer patients receiving care in a multidisciplinary pain management clinic.

BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies have focused on patients' cancer pain experience when receiving care in a multidisciplinary pain management clinic (MPMC). This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of a cohort of cancer patients newly engaged in a MPMC. METHODS: This study was based on a longitudinal approach in which data were collected over a 6 months period at the King Hussein Cancer Centre in Jordan. The study adopted the Arabic version of the Brief Pain Inventory to identify the level and prevalence of cancer pain, and to identify the impact of receiving care at the MPMC on patients' pain experience. Data were collected over four time points, and the period between these points ranged from 2 to 3 weeks. RESULTS: The majority of patients demonstrated improvement in their pain after receiving treatment at the MPMC, while a third still experienced severe pain. Significant improvement was reported at T1, and no further decline in pain was noted after this point. This indicates that exposure to the intervention provided by the MPMC generated, on average, an improvement in patients' pain experience. CONCLUSION: The MPMC may be an effective pain management strategy in the treatment of cancer pain.

Factors Predicting Dependence on Waterpipe Smoking Among Waterpipe Exclusive Smokers.

ABSTRACT: The current study targeted a sample of waterpipe (WP) exclusive smokers to identify the levels and predictors of dependence on this smoking pattern and to examine the relationship between WP smoking (WPS) dependence and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional research design was employed with a community sample of 270 subjects who are currently WP exclusive smokers. Assessment of WPS dependence and depressive symptoms was performed using self-report measures. About 62.6% of the subjects were WPS dependent. The unique significant predictors of WPS dependence were age, depression levels, age of starting WPS, duration of WPS, income, smoking WP daily, the belief of being attracted to WPS, and the desire to stop WPS. These predictors explained 35% of the variance in WPS dependence. WPS dependence was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Although few studies have been conducted, the WPS dependence prevalence appears to be alarmingly high among WP exclusive smokers. Factors associated with WPS dependence provide useful information that can be used to tailor WP prevention interventions.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on front-line nurses' professional quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Front-line nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience stressful and traumatic working conditions, which may affect their professional quality of life. AIM: To identify the effect of COVID-19 on front-line nurses' professional quality of life, specifically on their levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional comparative design was adopted. Data collection tools included self-reported sociodemographic and work-related characteristics and the self-report Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL). Questionnaires (n=200) were distributed by email to two groups of nurses working in a government hospital in Saudi Arabia: front-line nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19 in isolation units; and front-line nurses who cared for patients without COVID-19 in inpatient units. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were received from 167 respondents, a response rate of 84%. Moderate levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were found regardless of respondents' involvement in caring for patients with COVID-19. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic presents a new challenge for front-line nurses, necessitating appropriate interventions to avoid burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

The Impact of Leadership Styles of Nurse Managers on Nurses' Motivation and Turnover Intention Among Jordanian Nurses.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between leadership styles of nurse managers, nurses' motivation, and turnover intentions among Jordanian nurses. Design: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. Methods: A convenience sampling technique was utilized to select the required .sample A sample of 170 registered nurses working at private hospitals in Jordan was surveyed. Moreover, a questionnaire of Path-Goal Leadership, Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale, and Turnover Intention Scale was used to assess leadership styles of nurse managers, nurses' motivation and turnover intention among the participants. Descriptive and inferential tests were used to ask the research questions. Results: The participants perceived the supportive leadership style as the highest (M = 24.4, SD = 4.66). The mean work motivation among participants was 87.12, and the mean turnover intention was 22.01. Nurses' motivation has a positive correlation with all leadership styles. Years of experience predict the nurses' work motivation. Among the leadership styles; two of them significantly predict nurses' work motivation (supportive style) p < 0.001, and (achievement-oriented style) p < 0.001. Finally, the highest correlation coefficient was noticed between work motivation and achievement-oriented style (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) by moderate positive correlation, and the lowest correlation coefficient was between work motivation and directive style (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), whereas the results revealed that turnover intention was not significantly correlated with any of the leadership styles. Conclusion: The results present a unique theoretical underpinning that highlights the factors that affect nurses' turnover intention. So, these findings could be used as guide for policy makers to establish organizational policies toward satisfying nurses' motivation and quality of life to enhance their retention. Besides, enriching the factors that may enhance nurses' motivation and reduce their turnover intention.

The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Conflict Resolution Styles Among Nurse Managers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Mindfulness might help nurse managers in dealing with conflicts. However, the relationship between mindfulness and conflict resolution styles were still not clearly understood. Objective: To identify the relationship between mindfulness and conflict resolution and to predict the conflict resolution styles of nurse managers through mindfulness. Methods: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional design was employed. A convenience sample of 197 nurse managers was recruited from five public and two university hospitals. Data about nurse managers' mindfulness and conflict management styles were collected through self-reported scales. The data was collected between January and March 2020. Results: Mindfulness was significantly associated with integrating (r = 0.31, p < .001) and obliging (r = 0.14, p = .045) conflict resolution styles. Mindfulness was able to uniquely predict using the integrating conflict resolution style (χ² = 4.65, p = .031). Conclusions: Mindfulness is uniquely related to integrating conflict resolution among nurse managers. The findings encourage stakeholders in health care organizations to develop training programs to improve managers' conflict resolution skills and to invest in managers' mindfulness.

The association of mindfulness with professional quality of life and negative emotional states among critical care nurses during COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed severe psychological pressure on nurses. Mindfulness has been shown to be effective in improving professional quality of life (ProQOL) and reducing psychological distress in a wide range of populations and contexts. However, its role in supporting critical care nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 has yet to be established. PURPOSE: This study explores the relationship of mindfulness with negative emotional states and ProQOL among nurses working in critical care units during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A sample of 156 critical care nurses completed self-reported measures of mindfulness, ProQOL, and negative emotional states. Multiple regressions were used to address the study purpose. RESULTS: Overall, the participants had severe anxiety, moderate depression, moderate stress, moderate burnout, moderate secondary traumatic stress, and moderate compassion satisfaction. Mindfulness was significantly and negatively associated with stress (r = - 0.230, p = .004), depression (r = - 0.190, p = .018), burnout (r = - 0.218, p = .007), and secondary traumatic stress (r = - 0.168, p = .037). Mindfulness explained 3% of the variance in depression (B = -0.19, p = .018), 3.9% of variance in stress, (B = -0.201, p = .012), 4.2% of variance in BO (B = -0.206, p = .009), and 2.2% of the variance in secondary traumatic stress (B = -0.168, t = -2.104, p = .037), controlling for demographics. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides preliminary evidence that mindfulness can be helpful in reducing critical care nurses' psychological distress and promoting their ProQOL, and is worthy of further investigation in this population.

Triage Knowledge and Practice and Associated Factors Among Emergency Department Nurses.

Objective: The study aims at assessing the triage knowledge and practices and their associated factors among emergency department nurses employed in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Saudi Arabia. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. Data collection was carried out from February 11, 2021, until April 27, 2021. The study included all emergency department nurses who were working in the KFMC during the data collection period and excluded those who were on leave at the time of data collection. A self-reported questionnaire with adequate validity and reliability was used. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Version 25 employing descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test. Results: A total of 147 emergency department nurses completed the study. Participants demonstrated generally high levels of triage knowledge and triage practice. However, knowledge deficit and incorrect practice related to some aspects were noted. There were no significant differences in triage knowledge and practice according to participants' demographics including gender, job title, qualification, emergency nursing training, and previous training in triage (P > 0.05). Most participants (n = 141, 95.9%) had access to their triage systems and the majority (n = 79, 53.7%) utilize triage systems on a daily basis. Half said that only professional nurses performed the triage role (n = 69, 46.9%). There was a significant positive relationship between triage knowledge and practice (r = 0.486, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The respondents had a high level of triage knowledge and practice. However, they have some areas of knowledge deficit and some deficiencies in the conversion of their knowledge into practice. The study recommends the development of further training and education in emergency nursing to address knowledge deficits and incorrect triage practices.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Concerning Covid-19 Preventive Measures Among Healthcare Providers in Jordan.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 preventive measures and related factors. Methods: Descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 140 Jordanian healthcare providers working in COVID-19 units from governmental hospitals completed the study during February-March 2021. A self-reported measure with three domains: knowledge (e.g., COVID-19 transmissions), attitudes (e.g., COVID-19 vaccination), and practices (e.g., handwashing) were used. An independent t-test was performed to assess the difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice depending on demographic and work-related variables, while Pearson r and multiple linear regression were performed to identify the relationships between the study variables and the predictors of COVID-19 preventive practices. Results: The majority of the participants had good knowledge (81.4%), good attitude (87.1%), and satisfactory practice (77.9%). Knowledge was significantly associated with attitude and practice (p < .01), and attitude was significantly associated with practice (p < .01). There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice depending on the existence of infection control policy, availability of PPE, and receiving infection control training (p < .05). Predictors of COVID-19 practice included knowledge and attitude, PPE availability, and receiving training on infection control (p < .05). Conclusion: This result might suggest that there are some gaps between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 preventive measures. Lack of PPE and inadequate infection control training could contribute to this gap.

Nurses' knowledge of anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation patients: Effectiveness of an educational course.

BACKGROUND: Oral anticoagulation is the most common method to decrease the risk of stroke in people with atrial fibrillation. PURPOSE: To assess the knowledge of Jordanian nurses about anticoagulation therapy, the effectiveness of educational courses in increasing their knowledge, and the factors that affect nurses' changing knowledge following completion of an educational course. METHOD: A pre/posttest quasi-experimental design was used. A total of 123 nurses participated in the study, identified by convenience sampling and recruited from five governmental hospitals in Jordan. To assess changes in knowledge between pre-and posttest, a questionnaire based on European cardiovascular nurses' knowledge of anticoagulation therapy was used. An educational course was given to improve participants' knowledge of anticoagulation therapy. The participants' knowledge was assessed before and after the educational course. For data analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 was used. RESULTS: Nurses' knowledge of anticoagulants was poor; however, a significant improvement was achieved following the educational course (M = 25.5, SD = 3.41), as compared to before conducting it (M = 12.2, SD = 5.3, t = 42.54, p < 0.001). Having an academic degree was found to affect the change in knowledge scores among participants (t = -3.52, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The educational course was effective in improving the nurses' knowledge. Baccalaureate degree holders achieved more improvement in their knowledge scores. Post-graduate education for nurses would help to improve their knowledge of anticoagulants. Revision of nursing curricula may be deemed necessary to improve the quality of education for nurses during their degree work, especially regarding anticoagulants.

Structural and psychological empowerment and organizational commitment among staff nurses in Jordan.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and organizational commitment in Jordanian staff nurses. BACKGROUND: Empowering nurses is one of the most effective strategies for increasing efficiency. Therefore, studying the contribution of structural and psychological empowerment to organizational commitment will provide a base for future interventions to improve nurses' working environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used snowball sampling to recruit staff nurses working in Jordanian public and private hospitals. The sample consisted of 180 nurses. Data were collected using three valid and reliable self-reporting questionnaires that were distributed in electronic format. RESULTS: Nurses reported a moderate level of both structural and psychological empowerment, and a high level of organizational commitment. Significant positive relationships were found between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment and organizational commitment (r = .62, p < .001) and (r = .57, p < .001) respectively. CONCLUSION: Staff nurses reported moderate levels of both structural and psychological empowerment, and have a high level of organizational commitment. Positive relationships between structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and organizational commitment were found among Jordanian staff nurses.

Empowerment Predicting Nurses' Work Motivation and Occupational Mental Health.

INTRODUCTION: Empowering nurses is essential for improving work outcomes, and understanding the role of structural and psychological empowerment in supporting nurses' work motivation and occupational mental health are essential to stimulate nurses' productivity and preserve their mental health. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate nurses' perspectives about the levels of structural and psychological empowerment in their working areas. Additionally, to evaluate nurses' motivation and occupational mental health, and to predict the nurses' motivation and occupational mental health through structural and psychological empowerment. METHODS: A descriptive correlational design and quota sampling were used. Two hundred registered nurses were recruited from two hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected using four valid and reliable self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: Nurses who participated in this study were young and have an average total experience in nursing of fewer than 10 years. Nurses in this study reported a moderate level of structure empowerment and a low level of psychological empowerment. Significant positive relationships were documented between both structural, psychological empowerment, and nurses' work motivation (r = 0.85), (r = 0.83) respectively. A significant negative relationship found between both structural, psychological empowerment, and nurses' occupational mental health (r = -0.31), (r = -0.29) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of nurses' work motivation and occupational mental health can be predicted through the levels of structural and psychological empowerment. The higher workplace empowerment was associated with increased work motivation, as well as reduced the feeling of occupational stress among nurses. Thus, administrators should invest in fostering structural and psychological empowerment in the work environment.

Professional Self-Concept and Self-Confidence for Nurses Dealing with COVID-19 Patients.

PURPOSE: To identify the impact of dealing with COVID-19 patients in clinical areas on nurses' professional self-concept and self-confidence. BACKGROUND: Professional self-concept is considered a critical factor in the recruitment/retention process in nursing, nursing shortage, career satisfaction, and academic achievements. Professional self-confidence is also a crucial determinant in staff satisfaction, reducing turnover, and increasing work engagement. DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative study. METHODS: The study was conducted between February to May 2021 by utilizing a convenience sampling technique. A total of 170 nurses from two facilities were recruited from two COVID-19- and non-COVID-19-designated facilities. The level of professional self-concept and self-confidence was assessed by utilizing the Nurses' Self-Concept Instrument and Self-Confidence Scale. RESULTS: The professional self-concept level among the group exposed to COVID-19 patients was lower than the comparison group, while the professional self-confidence level among the exposed group to COVID-19 patients was similar to the comparison group. On the other hand, the satisfied staff and those who received professional training in dealing with COVID-19 patients reported a higher level of professional self-concept. CONCLUSIONS: Dealing with COVID-19 patients has an impact on professional self-concept; the exposure group was lower than those who did not deal with COVID-19 patients, while the professional self-confidence level among the exposed group was similar to the comparison group. Getting professional training in dealing with COVID-19 patients and being satisfied at work were significant factors in improving professional self-concept. Policymakers should create strategies that target the improvement of professional training in dealing with COVID-19 patients.

Nurse-nurse collaboration and performance among nurses in intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: An essential element for offering high-quality care in the intensive care units (ICUs) is the intraprofessional collaboration among nurses, which facilitates the exchange of knowledge and information and hence improves performance. More research is needed to understand the relationship between the nurse-nurse collaboration and job performance in the ICUs due to the multidimensionality of both concepts, the complexity of the ICU environment, and the lack of studies. AIM: To examine the relationship between nurse-nurse collaboration and self-perceived nurse performance among Jordanian nurses in ICUs. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational cross-sectional design was used. METHODS: Data were collected through an online survey including the demographic questionnaire, the nurse-nurse collaboration scale, and six-dimensions scale for nursing performance. RESULTS: In total, 155 critical care nurses participated (response rate = 46.97%). Self-perceived job performance was significantly associated with gender (t = -3.189, P = .002), age (r = -0.301, P < .01), workplace (F = 28.20, P = .001), the type of ICU (F = 17.70, P = .001), and the number of assigned patients (r = 0.407, P < .01). Among all nurse-nurse collaboration subscales, only the conflict management subscale was an independent significant predictor of self-perceived nursing performance (t = 3.06, B = 3.066, P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Effective conflict management is associated with better nurse performance, which could ultimately improve patient care in ICUs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Conflict resolution is an important dimension of optimal nurse-nurse collaboration and has an important effect on nursing performance. Nurses and nurse managers in ICUs need to attend workshops and training programs in conflict management.

The Decisional Balance Toward Health Behaviors Among Patients With Hypertension.

The decisional balance is related to the transtheoretical model, and involves weighting the pros and cons of performing a behavior. The study aimed to assess hypertensive patients' decisional balances about smoking, weight control, and physical exercise. A cross-section descriptive correlation design was used, and 110 patients were recruited using convenience sampling in outpatient clinics. The decisional balance was measured using "Decisional Balance Scales," which assess an individual's decisional balance related to smoking, weight control, and physical exercise behaviors. The results predicted that Jordanian hypertensive patients with higher physical exercise decisional balance and higher weight decisional balance had lower smoking decisional behaviors. Nurses can foster health promotion and behavioral change by employing interventions that improve decisional balances. Improving the decisional balance of one behavior would have a positive impact on other behaviors. Thus, designing multidimensional interventions might be effective for modifying different types of health behaviors, and fostering health promotion practices.

Factors that influence the quality of pain management in patients with skin traction.

BACKGROUND: Pain management is a systematic multidimensional process with differing approaches. Investigating the factors that affect the quality of pain management may provide nurses with ideas, suggestions, and trends that target improvements in the pain management experience among orthopaedic patients. AIMS: To assess the elements of the quality of pain management and identify factors that significantly predict higher quality pain management in patients with skin traction. METHODS: A descriptive correlational design was used to recruit a convenience sample of 116 patients. The revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire was used to explore the quality of pain management. RESULTS: Patients suffered from severe pain for more than 64% of the time during the first 24 h after the skin traction was applied. The uncontrolled pain negatively affected patients' abilities to carry out activities in bed, fall asleep, and stay asleep. The quality of pain management indicators using a scale of one to 10 were: "pain severity" = 5.93, "pain interference" = 5.01, "side effects of medications" = 1.5", and "satisfaction about care" = 6.2". CONCLUSIONS: The quality of pain management for fracture patients on skin traction was not optimum in this study. The uncontrolled pain negatively affected patients' physical status and general wellbeing.

Readiness for Behavior Change in Patients Living With Ischemic Heart Disease.

BACKGROUND: Readiness for behavioral change may be evaluated by assessing the patient's stage of change, as described in the transtheoretical model. Identifying readiness to change in patients with ischemic heart disease may enhance the effectiveness of interventions that target risk reduction and lifestyle modification. PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the readiness of patients with ischemic heart disease to change health behaviors as well as to identify the factors that significantly predict this change. METHODS: A descriptive correlation design approach was adopted, and a convenience sample of 122 patients with ischemic heart disease was recruited from an outpatient cardiac clinic. Readiness for behavioral change was evaluated by assessing the stages of change of the participants, as described in the transtheoretical model. Data on readiness to change were collected using the "readiness for lifestyle change inventory." RESULTS: A total of 62.2% and 43.4% of the participants were in the precontemplation phase of change for "cease smoking" and "be physically active," respectively; about 33% of the patients were in the maintenance phase for "control weight"; 36.1% were in the maintenance phase for "reduce consumption of high-fat foods"; and 51.6% and 57.4% were in the maintenance phase for "eat fruits and vegetables" and "practice relaxation," respectively. Participants who were overweight or obese showed higher readiness to practice physical activity, and those with high cholesterol levels showed a higher readiness to reduce the amount of fat in their diet. Higher income was found to predict higher readiness to eat fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: Patients are not adequately ready to change their health-related behaviors. Higher cardiovascular risk predicts higher readiness to change health behaviors.

Risk profile of myocardial infarction in young versus older adults.

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, the number of adults who develop myocardial infarction (MI) at a young age is high. The popularity of waterpipe smoking (WPS) has increased among the same age group. It is unknown if WPS contributes to the incidence of early-onset MI. OBJECTIVE: To study the association of WPS with early-onset MI, which is defined as first MI occurring in individuals 18 ≥ age ≤ 45 years compared to those older than 45 years. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The association of WPS with first-time MI was compared between younger and older adults (N = 225). RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of all participants developed an acute MI before the age of 46 years. Both cigarette and WPS were more common among younger first-time MI patients than older first-time MI patients. CONCLUSIONS: WPS is one risk factor that distinguishes the risk profile of young adults with early-onset MI.

Effectiveness of nurse-led video interventions on anxiety in patients having percutaneous coronary intervention.

AIM: Managing anxiety is essential to control anxiety-related complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led video-based educational intervention on anxiety levels among patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: A pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental design was used. Between June 2015 and July 2016, 99 participants were allocated to comparison versus intervention groups, and a video-based educational intervention about the percutaneous coronary intervention was provided to the intervention group. The State Anxiety Inventory was used to measure anxiety levels at baseline, 2 hours before, and 4 to 6 hours after a percutaneous coronary intervention. RESULTS: After providing the video-based intervention, at 2 hours before the procedure, results showed a statistically significant difference in anxiety mean scores (33.08 versus 60.88) between the intervention and comparison groups, respectively (P < 0.001). At 4 to 6 hours after the procedure, the anxiety mean score for the intervention group (M = 24.1) was statistically significantly lower than that of the comparison group (M = 44.17; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A pre-procedure nurse-led educational intervention provided by video had a significant effect on reducing anxiety levels among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients in the intervention group experienced a steady and consistent trend of anxiety reduction pre-cutaneous and post-percutaneous coronary intervention.