RESUMO
Objetivos: Conocer las experiencias de maternidad en mujeres peruanas adultas que fueron madres en su adolescencia. Material y método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, realizado en mujeres peruanas adultas que fueron madres en su adolescencia. Se aplicó la estrategia de la entrevista no estructurada, y la información recolectada fue analizada utilizando la técnica del análisis temático. Resultados: Participaron 9 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre 42 y 46 años. Los principales hallazgos revelan que las participantes construyen en la actualidad una imagen de madres resilientes, protectoras y valientes. Esto se ha logrado, según refieren, porque en el proceso del embarazo y la crianza de sus hijos vivieron acontecimientos que cambiaron su vida: se casaron, dejaron de estudiar y tuvieron que asumir, en algunos casos, el rol de la figura paterna. Por otra parte, las mujeres reconocen que ciertos pensamientos y emociones, como inseguridad, desconfianza y tristeza, han estado presentes en el inicio de su maternidad y fueron importantes para afrontar el cuidado de sus hijos. Conclusiones: Ser madre en la adolescencia, aun en contextos socioeconómicos medio y alto, es un hecho sujeto a dificultades personales y familiares. A pesar de estas circunstancias, las mujeres que participaron en el estudio han afrontado la maternidad en su adolescencia y construyeron una figura de madres resilientes. En el inicio de la maternidad se reconocen pensamientos y emociones que fueron afrontándose en la medida en que se construía el vínculo del cuidado con sus hijos. (AU)
Objective: Become aware of the maternity experiences of Peruvian adult women who become mothers in their adolescence. Material y method: Qualitative phenomenological study, carried out in Peruvian adult women who were mothers in their adolescence. The unstructured interview strategy was applied, and the findings were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. Results: 9 women participated whose ages ranged between 42 and 46 years. The main findings reveal that the participants currently build an image of resilient, protective and courageous mothers. This has been achieved, according to them, because during pregnancy and their offspring upbringing they experienced events that changed their lives: they got married as well as the need to interrupt their studies and assume in some of the cases the role of both parents in the absence of a father figure. Otherwise, women identify that thoughts and emotions such as insecurity, mistrust and sadness had been since the beginning of their maternity and were important to cope with the care of their children. Conclusions: Even in medium and high socioeconomic contexts, being a mother in adolescence mean to confront emotional, family and professional difficulties. Despite the circumstances, the women who participated in the study had been coping with maternity in their adolescence and they built a resilient mother figure. At the beginning of their maternity thoughts and emotions were recognized as women had been coping with it while they were building a family bond care with their children. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Poder Familiar , Gravidez na Adolescência , Emoções , Entrevistas como Assunto , PeruRESUMO
The promotion of biodiversity conservation strategies must address the lack of information and the difficulty of identifying knowledge gaps that may facilitate our knowledge of different taxonomic groups. Dung beetles constitute one of those groups, despite having been proposed as an efficient bioindicator of environmental disturbance processes. In this work, we aimed to prepare a diagnosis on the state of knowledge of the subfamily Scarabaeinae, focusing on the cover sampling degree of this group in Colombia, with the purpose of identifying high-priority areas that will allow the completion of a national inventory. The work consisted of a bibliographical compilation using 12 referential databases and the examination of specimens deposited in 26 national collections. A total of 16 940 individuals were examined, finding registers for 232 species from 386 localities. The respective distribution cover maps were presented, and the cover at a national level was 10.62%. A historical analysis demonstrated a proliferation in the number of studies for the last three decades; nevertheless, a great proportion of unpublished works persists, resulting in only 64 sampled localities with published records. The localities with the greatest sampling efforts were RN La Planada, Lloro, AUN Los Estoraques, PNN Tinigua and Mariquita. Registries for all departments were available, and the best sampled ones were Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Valle del Cauca and Boyaca. The ecosystems with the greatest number of publications are the Andean pre mountain humid forest, followed by the Andean mountain humid forest and the Pacific humid forest. Other ecosystems with few studies included mangroves, desert zones, natural savannahs, palm swamps, paramos, flooding forests and agroforestry systems. The biogeographic region with the greatest number of localities was the Andean region, followed by Choco-Magdalenense and Amazonia. Our results showed that high levels of subsampling persist and that some zones lack registries, as in the case of some parks of the national system of protected areas. It is imperative that the sampling cover is extended at a national level, focusing all possible efforts on collecting in those subsampled regions that have high conservation importance, with the main goal of completing the listing of species and their distribution.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Besouros/classificação , Animais , Colômbia , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
The promotion of biodiversity conservation strategies must address the lack of information and the difficulty of identifying knowledge gaps that may facilitate our knowledge of different taxonomic groups. Dung beetles constitute one of those groups, despite having been proposed as an efficient bioindicator of environmental disturbance processes. In this work, we aimed to prepare a diagnosis on the state of knowledge of the subfamily Scarabaeinae, focusing on the cover sampling degree of this group in Colombia, with the purpose of identifying high-priority areas that will allow the completion of a national inventory. The work consisted of a bibliographical compilation using 12 referential databases and the examination of specimens deposited in 26 national collections. A total of 16 940 individuals were examined, finding registers for 232 species from 386 localities. The respective distribution cover maps were presented, and the cover at a national level was 10.62%. A historical analysis demonstrated a proliferation in the number of studies for the last three decades; nevertheless, a great proportion of unpublished works persists, resulting in only 64 sampled localities with published records. The localities with the greatest sampling efforts were RN La Planada, Lloro, AUN Los Estoraques, PNN Tinigua and Mariquita. Registries for all departments were available, and the best sampled ones were Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Valle del Cauca and Boyaca. The ecosystems with the greatest number of publications are the Andean pre mountain humid forest, followed by the Andean mountain humid forest and the Pacific humid forest. Other ecosystems with few studies included mangroves, desert zones, natural savannahs, palm swamps, paramos, flooding forests and agroforestry systems. The biogeographic region with the greatest number of localities was the Andean region, followed by Choco-Magdalenense and Amazonia. Our results showed that high levels of subsampling persist and that some zones lack registries, as in the case of some parks of the national system of protected areas. It is imperative that the sampling cover is extended at a national level, focusing all possible efforts on collecting in those subsampled regions that have high conservation importance, with the main goal of completing the listing of species and their distribution. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (1): 97-125. Epub 2015 March 01.
Una de las principales limitantes para generar estrategias para la conservación, es la falta de información y la dificultad para identificar vacíos de conocimiento, que faciliten el entendimiento de un grupo taxonómico. En este trabajo desarrollamos el diagnóstico sobre el grado de cobertura del muestreo de escarabajos coprófagos en Colombia. Se recopiló la bibliografía, utilizando 12 bases de datos y se revisaron 16 940 especímenes depositados en 26 colecciones. Se encontraron 232 especies, en 386 localidades, con un porcentaje de cobertura del 10.62%. Se evidencia en los últimos años un incremento en el número de estudios, sin embargo solo 64 localidades tienen publicaciones. Se encontraron registros para todos los departamentos, siendo los mejor muestreados: Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Valle del Cauca y Boyacá. Los ecosistemas con mayor número de publicaciones son el bosque húmedo premontano Andino, el bosque húmedo montano Andino y el bosque húmedo del Pacífico. Sin embargo, existen muchos ecosistemas con muy pocos estudios como los manglares, zonas desérticas, savanas naturales, morichales, páramos, bosques inundables y sistemas agrícolas. La región biogeográfica con mayor número de localidades es la Andina, seguida del Chocó-Magdalenense y la Amazonía. A nivel general, persiste un alto nivel de submuestreo. Se evidencia la necesidad de ampliar la cobertura del muestreo a nivel nacional, enfocando los esfuerzos en aquellas áreas submuestreadas con importancia a nivel de conservación.
