Dating violence, violence in social networks, anxiety and depression in nursing degree students: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for dating violence and the correlations between dating violence and violence in social networks, anxiety and depression among nursing students. DESIGN: A cross-sectional and correlational study. METHODS: This study was conducted with nursing degree students at Spanish university during May 2021. A total of 248 nursing students completed an online survey. The online survey included sociodemographic variables, the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory, the Social Network Violence Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Chi-squared test, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: Of the participants, 13.3% were men and 86.7% were women. A total of 53.2% had experienced and/or perpetrated dating violence. About violence in social networks, 22.2% of the participants had perpetrated it, and 20.2% had been victims of it. Strong correlations were found between experiencing and perpetrating dating violence. Significant associated factors were cohabitation with a partner, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status and history of dating violence. CONCLUSIONS: Dating violence is a serious problem given its high prevalence among the surveyed nursing students, who, as future health professionals, must know how to recognize and react to possible cases of abuse. IMPACT: The study results add to international literature that men and women university nursing students are equally susceptible to intimate partner violence and report similar prevalence of dating violence. Also, dating violence is correlated with increased levels of anxiety and depression. It seems to be necessary to implement training programmes that help minimize the problem and identify possible cases.

Decrease in the prevalence of hypertension in Spanish schoolchildren from 2010 to 2017: Cuenca Study.

AIMS: To examine the secular trends in blood pressure measurements and normal or high blood pressure classification among Spanish schoolchildren from 2010 to 2017, to analyze the persistence in the blood pressure category reported in 2017 compared with 2013 in those children born in 2007-08 and to compare in this cohort the prevalence of high blood pressure using both definitions, the 2004 and 2017 guidelines. METHODS AND RESULTS: The data for the prevalence/trend analysis were obtained from cross-sectional analyses conducted in 2010, 2013, and 2017 of 2709 schoolchildren aged 4-6 and 8-11 years from 22 schools in the province of Cuenca, Spain. The data for the longitudinal analysis were obtained from cross-sectional analyses of measurements gathered in 2013 and 2017 in the same cohort of children (n = 275). The prevalence of normal blood pressure increased by 5.4% in children aged 4-6 years from 2013 to 2017 and by 2.2% in children aged 8-11 from 2010 to 2017. This increase was mainly driven by a decrease in the children classified in any stage of hypertension by 4.2% and 2.3% in each age range, respectively. In the same birth cohort, there was an increase of 7.6% in normal blood pressure prevalence. CONCLUSION: The high blood pressure prevalence in Spanish children has clearly decreased over the last decade, but is still important to detect this condition to design specific school-based interventions and the evaluation of children classified as hypertensive who might need medical supervision and treatment.

Effectiveness of MOVI-KIDS programme on health-related quality of life in children: Cluster-randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of an 8-month school-based multicomponent intervention (MOVI-KIDS) in improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in schoolchildren. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized cluster trial was conducted including 1168 children aged 4-6 years who attended 21 schools in two Spanish provinces (Cuenca and Ciudad Real). MOVI-KIDS study is a multicomponent physical activity intervention, which consisted of (i) 3 × 60-min sessions/week, (ii) educational materials for parents and teachers, and (iii) school playground modifications. The parent's proxy report of the KINDL-R Spanish version (6 subdimensions and a total score), and the KINDL-R self-reported by children (total score) was used to measure HRQoL. Mixed linear regression models were conducted to test differences in each HRQoL dimension between intervention and control groups, controlling for baseline values, cardiorespiratory fitness, and socioeconomic status, by gender. RESULTS: The boys in the intervention group presented better scores on total HRQoL than the control group in both the parent (ß = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.23-2.70) and self-reported (ß = 2.13; 95% CI: 0.53-3.74) versions, as well as on the emotional well-being dimension (ß = 2.43; 95% CI: 0.48-4.36). There was no significant effect of the intervention on physical well-being, self-esteem, family, and friends. In girls, no statistically significant differences were found between those who participated in MOVI-KIDS and those who did not. CONCLUSION: Our data support gender differences in the effect of MOVI-KIDS, such that while in boys the intervention was successful in increasing total scores of HRQoL, as well as emotional well-being scores, the intervention was not effective in improving girls' HRQoL.

The association between meat consumption and muscle strength index in young adults: the mediating role of total protein intake and lean mass percentage.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between the consumption of different types of meat and the muscle strength index (MSI) and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by total protein intake (TPI) and lean mass percentage (LM%) in young adults. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with first-year university students from Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Different types of meat consumption (total, red, processed, and white and fish) were separately evaluated using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire. MSI was determined from the handgrip and standing long jump tests. ANCOVA models were used to test the mean differences in MSI by categories of meat consumption. Serial multiple mediation models were used to explore the mediating role of TPI and LM% in the relationship between meat consumption and MSI. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic level, identified through a directed acyclic graph. Additional analyses were performed with a small subsample including alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and total energy intake as covariates in the multiple mediation models. RESULTS: A total of 230 students (mean age 21.1 ± 2.1 years, 66.5% women) were included in the analysis. Young adults with higher meat consumption (total, red, and white and fish) had higher MSI adjusted means than their peers with lower meat consumption (p < 0.05). These associations did not remain after controlling for TPI and LM%. In adjusted mediation analyses, a significant indirect effect was observed through TPI and LM% in the associations between each of the types of meat consumption and MSI. In the additional analyses, a greater effect of white and fish meat consumption on muscle strength through mediation of TPI and LM% was reported compared to red or processed meat consumption, and no significant effects were observed between processed meat consumption and MSI. CONCLUSION: Higher consumption of total, red, and white and fish meat was associated with increased MSI in young adults. TPI and LM% mediated this relationship.

Effectiveness of Microcurrent Therapy for Treating Pressure Ulcers in Older People: A Double-Blind, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of microcurrent therapy for healing pressure ulcers in aged people. A multicentric, randomized clinical trial was designed with a sham stimulation control. The experimental group received an intervention following a standardized protocol for curing ulcers combined with 10 h of microcurrent therapy daily for 25 days. The sham group received the same curing protocol plus a sham microcurrent stimulation. The studied healing-related variables were the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) and the surface, depth, grade, and number of ulcers that healed completely. Three evaluations were conducted: pre-intervention (T1), 14 days following the start of the intervention (T2), and 1 day after the intervention was completed (T3). In total, 30 participants met the inclusion criteria (n = 15 in each group). The improvement in the PUSH at T2 and T3 was 16.8% (CI95% 0.5-33.1) and 25.3% (CI95% 7.6-43.0) greater in the experimental group versus the sham control, respectively. The reduction in the wound area at T2 and T3 was 20.1% (CI95% 5.2-35.0) and 28.6% (CI95% 11.9-45.3) greater in the experimental group versus the control, respectively. Microcurrent therapy improves the healing of pressure ulcers in older adults, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Evaluation of Intranasal Midazolam for Pediatric Sedation during the Suturing of Traumatic Lacerations: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal midazolam as part of a paediatric sedation and analgesic procedure during the suturing of traumatic lacerations in paediatric emergency departments. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review of clinical trials was completed in July 2021. The databases consulted were PUBMED, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, NICE and Virtual Health Library. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: randomised and nonrandomised clinical trials. Two independent, blinded reviewers performed the selection and data extraction. The participants were 746 children, of whom, 377 received intranasal midazolam. All of the children were admitted to an emergency department for traumatic lacerations that required suturing. The quality of the articles was evaluated with the Jadad scale. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the review. The intranasal administration of midazolam in healthy children produces anxiolysis and minimal/moderate sedation without serious side effects. Although there are combinations of parenteral drugs that produce deeper sedation, they also have greater adverse effects. No significant differences in the initiation of sedation and the suture procedure were found between the intranasal route and the parenteral route. CONCLUSIONS: The use of intranasal midazolam in healthy children produces sufficiently intense and long-lasting sedation to allow for the suturing of traumatic lacerations that do not present other complications; therefore, this drug can be used effectively in paediatric emergency departments.

Electrical microcurrent stimulation therapy for wound healing: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Electrical microcurrent therapy (EMT) consists of the application of low intensity (µA) currents that are similar to endogenous electric fields generated during wound healing. AIMS: To examine the effectiveness and safety of EMT for improving wound healing and pain in people with acute or chronic wounds. METHOD: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of EMT in wound healing published up to August 1st, 2020 were included. The main outcomes were wound surface area, healing time, and number of wounds healed. Secondary outcomes were pain perception and adverse events. A quantitative analysis was conducted using the inverse variance and Mantel-Haenszel methods. RESULTS: Eight RCTs were included in the qualitative summary and seven in the quantitative analysis (n = 337 participants). EMT plus standard wound care (SWC) produced a greater decrease in wound surface [mean difference (MD) = -8.3 cm2; CI 95%: -10.5 to -6.0] and healing time (MD = -7.0 days; CI 95%: -11.9 to -2.1) that SWC alone, showing moderate and low certainty in the evidence, respectively. However, no differences were observed in the number of healed wounds [risk ratio = 2.0; CI 95%: 0.5 to 9.1], with very low quality of evidence. EMT decreased perceived pain (MD = -1.4; CI 95%: -2.7 to -0.2), but no differences in adverse effects were noted between groups (risk difference = 0.05; CI 95%: -0.06 to 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: EMT is an effective, safe treatment for improving wound area, healing time, and pain. Further clinical trials that include detailed intervention parameters and protocols should be designed to lower the risk of bias.

Health-related quality of life in developmental coordination disorder and typical developing children.

PURPOSE: To analyse: 1) the differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between typically developing (TD) children and children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) according to parents' and children's perception, and 2) the differences and level of agreement between parents and children's perceptions in HRQoL in both children's samples. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis in 115 Spanish schoolchildren 4-to-7 years. Motor competence and HRQoL were assessed using the MACB-2 and the KINDL-R questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS: ANCOVA model showed that children with DCD children obtained lower scores in physical well-being, friends, school and total HRQoL dimensions than TD peers after controlling for covariates (p < 0.05). Moreover, parents' perception scores in HRQoL were lower in children with DCD than in TD peers (79.7 vs 84.8; p = 0.022). Student T-tests for repeated-measures showed non-significant differences between children and parents' perceptions in mean HRQoL scores, by motor competence categories. The intraclass correlations coefficients between parents and children's perception of HRQoL was moderate in DCD category (0.62; p = 0.024) and small in TD category (0.29; p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Children under 6 years old with DCD have lower HRQoL scores than their TD peers. No differences were found between children's and parents' perceptions in total HRQoL, although the perceptions of children and parents in DCD category showed a significantly higher level of agreement than TD children. Interventions aimed at promoting motor skills in school settings during the preschool age seem necessary to improve children's quality of life.

Flash Glucose Monitoring and Patient Satisfaction: A Meta-Review of Systematic Reviews.

Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) systems have been suggested to have clinical beneficial effects in patients with diabetes mellitus, although their improvements in terms of quality of life (QoL) and patients' satisfaction are not always addressed or are considered a secondary outcome. Thus, the aim of this meta-review is to establish the benefits of FGM in terms of patients' satisfaction and QoL in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients using evidence from past systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Major databases were searched for systematic reviews (with or without meta-analyses) that assessed the satisfaction or QoL of type 1 or 2 diabetes patients using FGM compared with other glucose monitoring systems. The quality of the included systematic reviews was addressed with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. Six systematic reviews (including two meta-analyses) were included in the meta-review. Evidence suggests that FGM systems seem to improve patients' satisfaction and QoL compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose, although the high variability in the measurement tools, the clinical significance and the quality of the systematic reviews included do not allow us to state FGM benefits with any certainty. Further research, including high-quality randomised clinical trials, differentiating the needs of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients and focusing on psychosocial benefits for these patients is needed to optimise clinical decisions between patients and professionals by developing the right health technology assessment for FGM systems.

Evolución del microbioma intestinal en un proceso de transferencia de microbiota fecal (TMF) en un paciente con infección por Clostridioides difficile: análisis por NGS con diferentes programas bioinformáticos / Evolution of intestinal microbiome in a process of faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) in a patient with Clostridioides difficile infection: NGS analysis with different software programs

Introducción: La diarrea por Clostridioides difficile es un importante problema de salud pública, cuyo tratamiento es complejo. La transferencia de microbiota fecal (TMF) se postula como una terapia útil para prevenir recidivas. Material y métodos: Se analizaron seis muestras fecales, una procedente del donante y cinco del paciente antes y después de la TMF. Se amplificó y secuenció el gen 16Sr mediante secuenciación masiva y se estudió la diversidad y composición taxonómica. Resultados: La diversidad aumentó en las muestras post-TMF, y se identificaron dos clústeres, uno formado por las muestras no patológicas (donante y paciente post-TMF), y otro por la muestra patológica. Los resultados obtenidos a través Qiime2 y Bioconductor fueron similares. Conclusión: El análisis realizado demostró un incremento en la diversidad taxonómica del paciente tras la TMF, sugiriendo su utilidad. Además, los resultados obtenidos con Qiime2 y Bioconductor reflejaron la importancia de unificar los análisis bioinformáticos.(AU)

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has become a global healthcare challenge due to increases in its incidence and mortality rates. Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is postulated as a protocol to prevent CDI recurrence. Material and methods: A donor faecal sample and patient faecal samples (pre-FMT and post-FMT) were analysed. The r16S gene was amplified and sequenced by NGS, and its diversity and taxonomy composition were examined. Results: Microbial richness increased in post-FMT samples, and the β diversity studies grouped the samples into two clusters. One included the non-pathological samples (donor and pre-FMT samples), and the other included the pathological sample. The results obtained by Qiime2 and Bioconductor were similar. Conclusion: The analysis showed an increase in taxonomic diversity after the FMT, which suggests its usefulness. Moreover, these results showed that standardisation of bioinformatics analysis is key.(AU)

Effects of Power-Oriented Resistance Training With Heavy vs. Light Loads on Muscle-Tendon Function in Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Power-oriented resistance training (PRT) is one of the most effective exercise programs to counteract neuromuscular and physical function age-related declines. However, the optimal load that maximizes these outcomes or the load-specific adaptations induced on muscle power determinants remain to be better understood. Furthermore, to investigate whether these adaptations are potentially transferred to an untrained limb (i.e., cross-education phenomenon) could be especially relevant during limb-immobilization frequently observed in older people (e.g., after hip fracture). METHODS: At least 30 well-functioning older participants (>65 years) will participate in a within-person randomized controlled trial. After an 8-week control period, the effects of two 12-week PRT programs using light vs. heavy loads will be compared using an unilateral exercise model through three study arms (light-load PRT vs. non-exercise; heavy-load PRT vs. non-exercise; and light- vs. heavy- load PRT). Muscle-tendon function, muscle excitation and morphology and physical function will be evaluated to analyze the load-specific effects of PRT in older people. Additionally, the effects of PRT will be examined on a non-exercised contralateral limb. DISCUSSION: Tailored exercise programs are largely demanded given their potentially greater efficiency preventing age-related negative consequences, especially during limb-immobilization. This trial will provide evidence supporting the use of light- or heavy-load PRT on older adults depending on individual needs, improving decision making and exercise program efficacy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03724461 registration data: October 30, 2018.

Evolution of intestinal microbiome in a process of faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) in a patient with Clostridioides difficile infection: NGS analysis with different software programs. / Evolución del microbioma intestinal en un proceso de transferencia de microbiota fecal (TMF) en un paciente con infección por Clostridioides difficile: análisis por NGS con diferentes programas bioinformáticos.

INTRODUCTION: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has become a global healthcare challenge due to increases in its incidence and mortality rates. Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is postulated as a protocol to prevent CDI recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A donor faecal sample and patient faecal samples (pre-FMT and post-FMT) were analysed. The r16S gene was amplified and sequenced by NGS, and its diversity and taxonomy composition were examined. RESULTS: Microbial richness increased in post-FMT samples, and the ß diversity studies grouped the samples into two clusters. One included the non-pathological samples (donor and pre-FMT samples), and the other included the pathological sample. The results obtained by Qiime2 and Bioconductor were similar. CONCLUSION: The analysis showed an increase in taxonomic diversity after the FMT, which suggests its usefulness. Moreover, these results showed that standardisation of bioinformatics analysis is key.

The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Physical Fitness of the Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life in University Students.

The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in university students and to assess whether this relationship is mediated or moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 310 first-year Spanish university students. Adherence to the MD was evaluated with the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and the HRQoL was evaluated with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire. CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test, and the handgrip strength was determined by dynamometry. ANCOVA models showed that participants with higher CRF and handgrip strength levels had significantly higher scores in the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-12 and in the MEDAS questionnaire than those with medium and low scores (p < 0.050). Additionally, the ANCOVA models showed that students with good adherence to the MD showed higher scores in the MCS of HRQoL than those with low adherence (p = 0.044, ES = 0.013), but these results did not appear for the PCS of HRQoL (p = 0.728, ES = 0.001). In the mediation analysis, it was found that CRF and handgrip strength acted as full mediators of the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In the moderation analysis, it was evidenced that CRF and handgrip strength did not act as moderators in the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In conclusion, adherence to the MD does not seem to have a direct effect on the MCS of HRQoL because this association seems to be fully mediated by CRF and handgrip strength.

Campañas de vacunación contra las enfermedades víricas en España durante el siglo XX: una visión desde la prensa (1951-1986) / Vaccination campaigns against viral diseases in Spain during the 20th Century: a view from the press (1951-1986)

Desde finales del siglo XIX, fue posible luchar contra varias de las enfermedades víricas (rabia, viruela, gripe, polio, sarampión, rubéola y parotiditis), que, a lo largo del siglo XX, afectaron masivamente a la población adulta e infantil, a través de programas de vacunación que se establecieron una vez que estuvieron disponibles vacunas seguras para prevenirlas. España fue adoptando estas medidas preventivas progresivamente, especialmente a partir de su incorporación a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 1951. Cuando se promulgó la Ley General de Sanidad, en 1986, algunas de estas enfermedades habían podido controlarse y/o eliminarse mediante la vacunación sistemática. El tratamiento que ha realizado la prensa nacional de estos hechos ha sido escasamente estudiado. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la repercusión en la prensa nacional de las campañas de vacunación contra estas enfermedades víricas hasta el año 1986 y comprobar si los medios de comunicación escritos reflejaron las medidas epidemiológicas globales adoptadas por la OMS para combatirlas. Junto a ello, estudiar su posible influencia, tanto en la puesta en marcha de políticas públicas de vacunación, como en el modo de transmitir dicha información a la población en los diferentes contextos sociopolíticos y científico-sanitarios cambiantes del periodo estudiado

Since the end of the 19th century, it has been possible to fight against several viral diseases (smallpox, rabies, influenza, polio, measles, rubella and mumps) that, during the 20th century, had a massive effect on the adult and child population through vaccination programmes established when safe vaccines were available to prevent such diseases. Spain progressively incorporated these preventive measures, especially after its incorporation into the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1951. By the time the General Health Law was enacted in 1986, it had been possible to control and/or eliminate some of these diseases through systematic vaccination. The treatment and monitoring that the Spanish national press has given to the implementation of the vaccination campaigns against these diseases has been little studied. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to analyse the repercussions in the national press of the vaccination campaigns against these viral diseases between 1951 and 1986 and to check whether the written media reflected the global epidemiological measures adopted by WHO to combat them. Besides, to study its possible influence both in the development of public policies of vaccination and in the way how this information was transmitted to the population during the different socio-political and scientific contexts in the studied period

Barriers and Facilitators Perceived by Spanish Experts Concerning Nursing Research: A Delphi Study.

The identification of research priorities in line with current health needs and nursing competencies is a priority. Nevertheless, barriers and facilitators perceived by nurses to performing nursing research have scarcely been investigated. The main aim of this study was to explore the situation in nursing research in Spain, as perceived by Spanish experts. A Delphi study technique in two phases was applied using an online survey tool. A panel of 20 nursing experts in nursing, teaching and management positions participated. The strengths highlighted were the possibility of reaching the PhD level, the possibility of receiving continuous training in research methodology, and access to scientific knowledge through the Internet. The weaknesses identified were the lack of Spanish nursing journals in which to publish the research results, the lack of funding in nursing care research, and the lack of connection between the healthcare institutions and the university. According to the experts, elements that could enhance leadership in research are the creation of nursing research units in hospitals, the economic recognition of nurses with PhDs, and considering research work as part of their daily tasks in clinical settings. The idea of being subordinated to physicians still remains in nurses' ways of thinking.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Spanish University Students.

The aims of this study were to assess the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) with physical fitness and body composition in Spanish university students and to determine the ability to predict the MD adherence of each Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) item. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 310 first-year university students. Adherence to the MD was evaluated with MEDAS-14 items. Anthropometric variables, body composition, and physical fitness were assessed. Muscle strength was determined based on handgrip strength and the standing long jump test. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured using the Course-Navette test. Only 24% of the university students had good adherence to the MD. The ANCOVA models showed a significant difference between participants with high adherence to the MD and those with medium and low adherence in CRF (p = 0.017) and dynamometry (p = 0.005). Logistic binary regression showed that consuming >2 vegetables/day (OR = 20.1; CI: 10.1-30.1; p < 0.001), using olive oil (OR = 10.6; CI: 1.4-19.8; p = 0.021), consuming <3 commercial sweets/week (OR = 10.1; IC: 5.1-19.7; p < 0.001), and consuming ≥3 fruits/day (OR = 8.8; CI: 4.9-15.7; p < 0.001) were the items most associated with high adherence to the MD. In conclusion, a high level of adherence to the MD is associated with high-level muscular fitness and CRF in Spanish university students.

Student nurses at Spanish universities and their attitude toward xenotransplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Recent immunological and transgenic advances are a promising alternative using limited materials of human origin for transplantation. However, it is essential to achieve social acceptance of this therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitude of nursing students from Spanish universities toward organ xenotransplantation (XTx) and to determine the factors affecting their attitude. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Type of study: A sociological, multicentre, and observational study. STUDY POPULATION: Nursing students enrolled in Spain (n = 28,000). SAMPLE SIZE: A sample of 10 566 students estimating a proportion of 76% (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographical area and year of study. Instrument of measurement: A validated questionnaire (PCID-XenoTx-RIOS) was handed out to every student in a compulsory session. This survey was self-administered and self-completed voluntarily and anonymously by each student in a period of 5-10 min. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: descriptive analysis, Student's t test, the chi-square test, and a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A completion rate: 84% (n = 8913) was obtained. If the results of XTx were as good as in human donation, 74% (n = 6564) would be in favor and 22% (n = 1946) would have doubts. The following variables affected this attitude: age (P < 0.001); sex (P < 0.001); geographical location (P < 0.001); academic year of study (P < 0.001); attitude toward organ donation (P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (P < 0.001); discussion of transplantation with one's family (P < 0.001) and friends (P < 0.001); and the opinion of one's partner (P < 0.001). The following variables persisted in the multivariate analysis: being a male (OR = 1.436; P < 0.001); geographical location (OR = 1.937; P < 0.001); an attitude in favor of donation (OR = 1.519; P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (OR = 1.497; P = 0.036); and having spoken about the issue with family (OR = 1.351; P < 0.001) or friends (OR = 1.240; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The attitude of nursing students toward organ XTx is favorable and is associated with factors of general knowledge about organ donation and transplantation and social interaction.

Determinants of satisfaction with life and self-esteem in women with breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To determine satisfaction with life (LISAT) and self-esteem in women with breast cancer and the relation between sociodemographic and clinical variables with LISAT and self-esteem. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 514 Spanish women with breast cancer. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included the Satisfaction with Life Questionnaire (LISAT-8) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Variables are age, education, occupation, marital status, surgical treatment, breast reconstruction, adjuvant treatment, time since diagnosis, the self-esteem scale, and the LISAT. A multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify possible factors associated with the LISAT and self-esteem after breast cancer. RESULTS: The average age was 46.34 (SD ± 8.28), average age at diagnosis was 42.26 (SD ± 8.56), and average time since diagnosis was 4.05 years (SD ± 5.23). Reports showed the following: good general LISAT (61.7%), economic LISAT (44.7%), and social life LISAT (75.9%) and medium sexual LISAT (41.2%). Of the respondents, 39% had lower self-esteem (p < 0.001). Those who were working (p = 0.002) and those with breast reconstruction (p < 0.037) had a good LISAT. Women with mastectomies had a worse LISAT (p < 0.001). Self-esteem was associated with the general LISAT (Pearson = 0.536, p < 0.001), social LISAT (Pearson = 0.502, p < 0.001), and sexual LISAT (Pearson = 0.329, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Women with breast cancer had a good LISAT overall; the sexual aspect was evaluated as the lowest in terms of life satisfaction. Marital status, occupation, surgical treatment and self-esteem are associated with the LISAT. Health professionals should know the variables that influence life satisfaction of women with breast cancer to plan and conduct appropriate nursing care.

Sexual dysfunction in Spanish women with breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To determine whether there are changes in sexuality after breast cancer, to better understand the sexual function of women with breast cancer, and to investigate the potential relationship between sexual dysfunction and socio-demographic and clinical variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional study. This study included 514 women with breast cancer between 21- and 66-years-old. The cases were gathered between June 2016 and January 2017. The instruments used were the questionnaire on Women's Sexual Function and a questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. RESULTS: The average age (± standard deviation, SD) of participants was 46.34 ± 8.28 years. Their average age at date of diagnosis was 42.26 ± 8.56 years, and the average time suffering from cancer was 4.05 ± 5.23 years. There were significant differences (p = 0.002) in the presence of sexual dysfunction before (32.1%) and after (91.2%) cancer. The primary sexual dysfunctions were due to penetration pain (50.6%), lubrication (50.6%), dysfunctional desire (44.6%), and dysfunctional excitement (44.6%). Two-thirds of participants were satisfied with their sexual relations. The women who presented most sexual dysfunction were those that had a bilateral mastectomy (p = 0.009) and those who received chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal-therapy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Sexual function was changed in women with breast cancer. The main problems included penetration pain, desire, lubrication, and dysfunctional excitement. It is important that Health professionals recognize which circumstances influence the sexual function of women with breast cancer and to make interventions that facilitate sexual adjustment.

Prevalencia en la realización de mamografías en España: análisis por comunidades 2006-2014 y factores que influyen / Prevalence in the performance of mammographies in Spain: Analysis by Communities 2006-2014 and influencing factors

OBJETIVO: Conocer la frecuencia de la realización de mamografías con finalidad preventiva del cribado de cáncer de mama en mujeres en España, su evolución entre los años 2006-2014, el perfil sociodemográfico de las mujeres que se realizan la mamografía y analizar los factores que influyen en su adhesión. DISEÑO: Estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal. Emplazamiento: España. PARTICIPANTES: Un total de 53.628 mujeres mayores de 15 años encuestadas en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud en España de 2006 y 2011/12 y la Encuesta Europea de Salud en España de 2009 y 2014. Mediciones: Se utilizaron las variables: realización de mamografía, frecuencia de realización de mamografías y motivo de realización, además de las variables sociodemográficas. La clase social se obtuvo a partir de la última ocupación del sustentador principal de la unidad familiar. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística con las variables sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: La realización de mamografías ha ido en aumento desde 2006 a 2014, y su realización se ha incrementado por el hecho de que las participantes hayan recibido una carta, hayan sido llamadas por teléfono o se les haya dicho en su centro de salud si querían hacerse esta prueba. Existen diferencias significativas en la realización de mamografías en las diferentes comunidades autónomas. CONCLUSIONES: La realización de las mamografías ha aumentado considerablemente de 2006 a 2014, aunque siguen existiendo diferencias entre comunidades autónomas, siendo Ceuta y Melilla donde los porcentajes son más bajos. Los factores que se relacionan con mayor realización de mamografías son: mayor nivel educativo, mayor clase social, estado civil casada, nacionalidad española y edad

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of the performance of mammography with preventive purpose of the screening of breast cancer in Spanish women, the evolution between the years 2006-2014, the sociodemographic profile of the women who undergo the mammography and to analyze the factors that influence in their adhesion. DESIGN: Transversal study. Sites: Spain. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 53.628 women over 15 years old that are surveyed in the National Health Survey in Spain 2006 and 2011/12 and the European Health Survey in Spain 2009 and 2014. Measurements: The following variables were used: mammography, frequency of mammography performance and the reason for the realization, as well as sociodemographic variables. Social class was obtained from the last occupation of the main family supporter. A logistic regression analysis was performed with sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of mammography has been increasing from 2006 to 2014, and also for the reason that the participants had received a letter, they were telephoned or offered in their Health Center to undergo this test. There are significant differences in the performance of mammography in the different autonomous communities. CONCLUSIONS: Performing mammography has increased significantly from 2006 to 2014, although there are still differences between autonomous communities, with Ceuta and Melilla being the least percentage of performed mammography. The factors that are related to greater performed mammography are: higher educational level, higher social class, married civil status, Spanish nationality and age