Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad / Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of community-acquired pneumonia

Resumen La neumonía sigue siendo una de las principales causas de consulta y de hospitalización a la que, además de su un alto impacto en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad, se suma la actual problemática de resistencia a los antimicrobianos, por lo que establecer directrices que permitan su adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento es de gran importancia para obtener mejores desenlaces clínicos y promover un uso racional de antibióticos en estos pacientes. La presente guía de práctica clínica (GPC) contiene recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos, las cuales fueron realizadas mediante el proceso de adaptación de GPC basadas en la evidencia para el contexto colombiano.

Abstract Pneumonia continues to be one of the main causes of consultation and hospitalization to which, besides its high impact on morbidity and mortality, the current problem of antimicrobial resistance is added; thus, establishing guidelines that allow its adequate diagnosis and treatment is of great importance to obtain better clinical outcomes and promote a rational use of antibiotics in these patients. This clinical practice guideline (CPG) contains evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adult population; these recommendations were made by means of the process of adaptation of evidence-based CPGs for the Colombian context.

Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of persons with suspected vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) / Recomendaciones para diagnostico y manejo de personas con trombocitopenia trombotica inmune inducida por vacunas (VITT)

Abstract In recent months, rare cases of thrombosis at unusual sites associated with thrombocytopenia, occurring within a typical risk window (i.e., 4-28 days) after receiving SARS CoV2 vaccines, have been reported. Healthcare professionals should be prepared to detect these cases on time. The Expert Panel of the Knowledge Management and Transfer Network conducted a free search of the related literature. With the available information and the clinical expertise of the working group, we formulated, reviewed, and endorsed recommendations for the timely suspicion, diagnosis (case definitions, the use of initial laboratory and imaging tests, specific tests), and management of these thrombotic conditions. This document is considered a living document that will be updated as new evidence emerges, and recommendations may change over time.

Resumen En meses recientes se han reportado casos raros de trombocitopenia y trombosis en sitios inusuales, que ocurren dentro de una ventana de riesgo típica ( por ejemplo de 4 a 28 días) luego de recibir vacunas de SARS CoV 2. Los profesionales de la salud deben estar preparados para detectar estos casos a tiempo. Un panel de expertos y una red de transferencia de conocimiento realizó una búsqueda libre de literatura seleccionada. Con la información disponible y la experticia clínica del grupo de trabajo revisamos y dimos recomendaciones para la sospecha temprana, el diagnostico (definición de caso, el uso de pruebas de laboratorio especificas y de imágenes diagnósticas) para le manejo de estas condiciones tromboticas. Este documento es considerado un documento vivo que debe ser actualizado a medida que surja nueva evidencia y las recomendaciones vayan cambiando con el tiempo

Evolución nutricional y función pulmonar en niños y adolescentes chilenos con fibrosis quística / Growth and pulmonary function in Chilean children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Background: Nutrition influences morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), affecting their lung function. Aim: To characterize the nutritional status of a group of CF patients and to analyze its evolution and relationship to lung function. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort of CF children and adolescents attemded in our institution for 15 years, was analyzed. Age and form of presentation, mutation, weight and stature (measured annually at least), microbial colonization and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were registered. Results: We gathered information about 33 patients, 64 percent males, diagnosed at 23.8 ± 45.6 months old (range 1-216), 85 percent had a genetic study (10 children had one or more Df508 alleles) and 94 percent had pancreatic insufficiency. In their last visit they were 13.0 ± 5.8 years old, their body mass index z-score (BMIz) was -0.25 ± 1.2 and their FEV1 was 80.4 ± 28.6 percent. According to BMI: 73 percent were eutrophic, 18 percent undernourished and 9 percent were overweight. According to weight/ for height index (WH), the figures for eutrophy, undernutrition and overweight were 70, 6 and 24 percent, respectively. Only 12 percent had short stature. Those with P. aeruginosa infection had lower BMI. There was a positive correlation between FEV1 and BMIz (+0.46, p = 0.02), but not with WH. During follow-up, there was a gradual deterioration of weight, height, and BMIz after 10-12 years of age and an overall gradual FEV1 decrease. Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition in these patients with CF is high; undernutrition is higher if defined by BMIz and unlike WH, correlates to lung function. Nutritional deterioration starts before adolescence.

[Growth and pulmonary function in Chilean children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis]. / Evolución nutricional y función pulmonar en niños y adolescentes chilenos con fibrosis quística.

BACKGROUND: Nutrition influences morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), affecting their lung function. AIM: To characterize the nutritional status of a group of CF patients and to analyze its evolution and relationship to lung function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort of CF children and adolescents attended in our institution for 15 years, was analyzed. Age and form of presentation, mutation, weight and stature (measured annually at least), microbial colonization and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) were registered. RESULTS: We gathered information about 33 patients, 64% males, diagnosed at 23.8 ± 45.6 months old (range 1-216), 85% had a genetic study (10 children had one or more Df508 alleles) and 94% had pancreatic insufficiency. In their last visit they were 13.0 ± 5.8 years old, their body mass index z-score (BMIz) was -0.25 ± 1.2 and their FEV(1) was 80.4 ± 28.6%. According to BMI: 73% were eutrophic, 18% undernourished and 9% were overweight. According to weight/ for height index (WH), the figures for eutrophy, undernutrition and overweight were 70, 6 and 24%, respectively. Only 12% had short stature. Those with P. aeruginosa infection had lower BMI. There was a positive correlation between FEV(1) and BMIz (+0.46, p = 0.02), but not with WH. During follow-up, there was a gradual deterioration of weight, height, and BMIz after 10-12 years of age and an overall gradual FEV(1) decrease. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malnutrition in these patients with CF is high; undernutrition is higher if defined by BMIz and unlike WH, correlates to lung function. Nutritional deterioration starts before adolescence.