A modular informatics platform for effective support of collaborative and multicenter studies in cardiology.

Collaborative and multicenter studies permit a large number of patients to be enrolled within a reasonable time and providing the opportunity to collect different data. Informatics platforms play an important role in management, storage, and exchange of data between the participants involved in the study. In this article, we describe a modular informatics platform designed and developed to support collaborative and multicenter studies in cardiology. In each developed module, data management is implemented following local defined protocols. The modular characteristic of the developed platform allows independent transfer of different kinds of data, such as biological samples, imaging raw data, and patients' digital information. Moreover, it offers safe central storage of the data collected during the study. The developed platform was successfully tested during a European collaborative and multicenter study, focused on evaluating multimodal non-invasive imaging to diagnose and characterize ischemic heart disease.

Hybrid image visualization tool for 3D integration of CT coronary anatomy and quantitative myocardial perfusion PET.

PURPOSE: Multimodal cardiac imaging by CTA and quantitative PET enables acquisition of patient-specific coronary anatomy and absolute myocardial perfusion at rest and during stress. In the clinical setting, integration of this information is performed visually or using coronary arteries distribution models. We developed a new tool for CTA and quantitative PET integrated 3D visualization, exploiting XML and DICOM clinical standards. METHODS: The hybrid image tool (HIT) developed in the present study included four main modules: (1) volumetric registration for spatial matching of CTA and PET data sets, (2) an interface to PET quantitative analysis software, (3) a derived DICOM generator able to build DICOM data set from quantitative polar maps, and (4) a 3D visualization tool of integrated anatomical and quantitative flow information. The four modules incorporated in the HIT tool communicate by defined standard XML files: XML-transformation and XML MIST standards. RESULTS: The HIT tool implements a 3D representation of CTA showing real coronary anatomy fused to PET-derived quantitative myocardial blood flow distribution. The technique was validated on 16 data sets from EVINCI study population. The validation of the method confirmed the high matching between "original" and derived data sets as well as the accuracy of the registration procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional integration of patient- specific coronary artery anatomy provided by CTA and quantitative myocardial blood flow obtained from PET imaging can improve cardiac disease assessment. The HIT tool introduced in this paper may represent a significant advancement in the clinical use of this multimodal approach.

Auditoría clínica: una herramienta para el seguimiento de errores preanalíticos en el laboratorio / Clinical audit: a tool to monitor pre-analytical errors in the laboratory

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de auditoría clínica para vigilar y reducir la magnitud de errores preanalíticos en el Laboratorio de Guardia de un hospital público de la provincia de Buenos Aires. En un período de 2004 y otro de 2005 se relevaron los diferentes tipos de errores en 11.949 recipientes de muestras de sangre y orina. Se calcularon los indicadores: porcentaje de errores preanalíticos totales en las muestras (% EP), de muestras coaguladas, de recipientes inadecuados, de volumen inadecuado, de muestras hemolizadas, de muestras batidas y de identificación inadecuada. Se capacitó al personal de enfermería. Se asignaron los costos correspondientes a las etapas de obtención y remisión de muestras de la fase preanalítica. El % EP no presentó modificaciones significativas en 2004, mientras que en 2005 sus variaciones acompañaron las de algunos de los restantes indicadores. Los costos correspondientes a errores preanalíticos constituyeron en promedio el 10% de los costos totales de obtención y remisión de muestras en los períodos estudiados. Se concluye que las actividades de capacitación deben realizarse en forma periódica y someterse a seguimiento continuo a fin de obtener disminuciones significativas y perdurables en la magnitud de los errores preanalíticos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical audit program to monitor and reduce the magnitude of pre-analytical errors in the Emergency Laboratory of a Buenos Aires Province public hospital. During a 2004 period and another 2005 one, different types of errors were surveyed in 11.949 blood- and urine-sample flasks. The following indicators were calculated: sample pre-analytical error percentage (% PE), as well as percentages corresponding to coagulated samples, inadequate flask use, inadequate flask volume, samples that underwent haemolysis, shaken samples and poor sample identification. Nursing personnel were trained. Costs incurred were allocated to the extraction and delivery stages within the pre-analytical phase. PE % did not show any meaningful changes in 2004, while in 2005 its variations followed those of some of the other indicators. Costs attributed to pre-analytical error represented 10% of total cost of sample extraction and delivery in the periods that were studied. It can be concluded that training courses must be periodically offered and their results monitored on a permanent basis if any significant and long-lasting reduction in the magnitude of pre-analytical errors is to be achieved.