Causes of lymphadenopathy in Egyptian children other than malignancy.

Fifty children aged 3 to 12 years presented with cervical or inguinal lymph nodes enlargement were selected from Zagazig University Hospitals. They were subjected to routine laboratory examination as well as histopathological & immunopathological studies. The results revealed eosinophilia and intestinal parasites in 80 percent. Besides, pediculosis and flea dermatitis were also demonstrated in 30 and 12 percent respectively. Histopathological studies of the nodal tissues revealed sinus hyperplasia (ten cases), reactive paracortical hyperplasia (30 cases) and necrosis and caseition (ten cases). Infiltration with eosinophils was demonstrated in the nodal tissues of 40 cases. Immunopathologyical studies revealed cytotoxic T-cells in all the cases, and helper T lymphocytes in only 15 cases. It is concluded that this may give an explanation of some causes of lymphadenopathy in Egyptian children other than malignancy.

Schistosomiasis affection of the kidney as a possible cause of renal stone formation.

Nowadays, renal stone is one of the medical complaints. Many theories have been suggested to account for its formation. The present work aimed to find out a correlation between schistosomiasis affection of the kidney and the formation of renal stones. Three groups of patients with renal stones were selected. They had Schistosoma mansoni infection (1st group), with Schistosoma haematobuim infection (2nd group) and Schistosoma free (3rd group or control). The results showed pathological changes in the kidney biopsied materials, particularly the glomerulus, ranging from periglomerular fibrosis to complete atrophy and lymphoid follicles in the interstitium. Sometimes, distal-tubular atrophy was seen. The serum and tissue immunoglobulins, particularly the IgA, in schistosomiasis patients were above normal as compared to control ones. It is concluded that the schistosomiasis affection of the kidney, and the resulting immunopathological changes were factors predisposing, in one way or another, to the formation of renal stones.

Bilharzial role in staging bladder carcinoma histopathological-transurethral sonography and computerized tomography.

Bilharzial bladder tumour of 28 patients staged pre-operatively by transurethral ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT). The accuracy varied from 66.6% to 77.7% in different stages as compared with pathological stage. The bilharzial reaction could be play a role in this accuracy and the histopathological study is the accurate way to express the depth of infiltration of the tumour in the bladder wall as well as the depth of vascular invasion which may be greater than the primary tumour itself.

Schistosomiasis associated bladder carcinoma expression of cytokeratin.

Twenty patients with bladder carcinoma (14 transitional cell carcinoma and six squamous cell carcinoma) and ten controls of (four with bilharzial lesions, three without and three with metaplasia and dysplasia) were subjected to immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Bladder and urine samples examination were carried out with the high molecular weight cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin antibodies using peroxidase anti-peroxidase. Cytokeratins of high molecular weight were expressed in all squamous cancer while broad spectrum keratin was positive in 83.3%. The transitional cell carcinoma was positive in 50% with both cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin. Urine shedded were positive in 83.3% and 66.7% of squamous cell carcinoma with high molecular weight cytokeratin and broad spectrum keratin respectively. However, each of them was positive in 50% of transitional carcinoma, and negative with non-malignant cases except with metaplasia and dysplasia.

Vascular changes in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Fifty cases of proven human cutaneous leishmaniasis were histopathologically studied. In twenty biopsies the picture was vascular alternations with or without fibrinoid necrosis and fibrin thrombi in both arteries and veins within the area of the inflammation in the lesions. Hyalinosis and intimal proliferation were also seen. On the other hand, immunoperoxidase staining of CL. lesions showed IgG and IgA within the endothelial cells, in the media and the perivascular space of the diseased vessels. It seems that the formation of immune complexes in the infected skin was responsible for the vascular changes.

The relation of HLA-DR antigen, lymphocytes and natural killer cells in human bilharzial bladder carcinoma.

The HLA-DR antigen type was studied in fifty-four patients with bilharzial bladder carcinoma and in ten patients but with non malignant bilharzial bladder lesions as controls. The monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the pattern of the distribution of lymphocytes subset and the natural killer cells. These immunohistochemical studies through some light on the relation between the different immunocompetent cells in the bladder tissue and suggested their functional role particularly in bilharziasis and in the tumour surveillance.

The pattern of bilharzial infection with hepatitis B virus associated with delta agent.

Delta hepatitis is a relatively common in Egypt especially in patients with chronic liver disease. Delta virus infection is associated with a high frequency of hepatic decompensation and it seems to impose additional burden on liver function. It does not seem to be more prevalent in particular type of cirrhosis but the CAH pathology was found to be mostly associated with virus infection. HBV replication seems to be inhibited by the presence of delta virus as evidenced by the low frequency of HBe Ag in serum and HBs Ag in liver among patients with HDV infection.

The histopathological picture of concomitant infection with Leishmania major and Toxoplasma gondii in albino mice.

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major and toxoplasmosis caused by T. gondii are prevalent among man and animals in several localities in Egypt particularly in the Nile Delta and Sinai. Double infection may take place. In this paper, it was intended to study the concomitant infection in albino mice. The results showed that the clinical and histopathological pictures differ in concomitant infection from that shown by infection with either parasite alone. Therefore leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis must be diagnosed parasitologically.

Evaluation of T cells, B cells and Ig. in tissues of human cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a granulomatous skin disease. The healing of the CL. lesions is attributed to the delayed immunity developed against the amastigotes of the parasite. However, in some cases in spite of the development of strong delayed hypersensitivity CL. lesions failed to heal. In this paper, it was intended to assess the role of immunity in the lesions of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results showed that the helper cells predominated the suppressor ones, the mean percentage of B lymphocytes was 25 and the immunoglobulins particularly the IgG were demonstrated by being positively stained. On the other hand, the complement (C3) was within the normal range.