RESUMO
The nasal septum is a crucial supporting factor for the nasal cavity and may develop several anatomical variants including septal deviation, spur and pneumatization. These variants could be associated with a higher incidence of sinusitis due to structural and functional alterations. So, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nasal septal deviation (NSD), nasal septal spur (NSS) and nasal septal pneumatization (NSP) among the Saudi adult population and their links with the incidence of sinusitis by using computed tomography (CT). A retrospective study was achieved over a twenty-two months period on 681 adult Saudi subjects (420 males and 261 females) aged 20 years or older, referred for coronal CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses. NSD and NSS were significantly more prevalent in males than females (80.0% vs. 67.4% respectively for NSD, and 34.5% vs. 24.9% respectively for NSS), while there was no statistical difference in frequency of NSP regarding gender (P=0.670). The incidence of sinusitis was significantly higher in presence of NSD and/or NSS (P<0.001 for both). On the contrary, NSP was not associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of sinusitis (P=0.131). In conclusion, NSD and NSS are more prevalent in males than females among the Saudi population with no statistical difference between both genders regarding the presence of septal pneumatization. Furthermore, sinusitis is more prevalent with the occurrence of NSD and NSS, and not related to the incidence of NSP.
RESUMO
Concha bullosa (CB) is a pneumatic cavitation inside a concha in the nasal cavity. It is one of the most widely recognized nasal variations and is mostly found in the middle concha. CB is divided according to its site into three types; lamellar, bulbous and extensive. The goal of our study was to estimate the prevalence of CB among Saudi adult population and its association with sinusitis by using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). This was a retrospective study carried out over a three-year period on 879 adult Saudi patients aged 18 years or older, referred for MDCT assessment of paranasal sinuses. Males were 540 and females were 339. Patients with facial congenital anomalies or nasal trauma were excluded from our study. CB was prevalent in both males and females among Saudi population (55.4%, 55.7%) respectively. Bilateral CB (55.5%) was more frequent than unilateral (44.5%). Extensive CB (44.0%) was the most frequent type. Sinusitis was associated more in patients with CB (48.0%) versus those who have no CB (5.9%). In conclusion, CB was prevalent among Saudi population and the most frequently recorded is the extensive type. Furthermore, the most common type associated with sinusitis was extensive CB (49.6%).
RESUMO
Bisphenol A is a chemical used in the production of the plastic lining of food and beverage containers. As plastics are used extensively in modern life, bisphenol A is liberated into the surrounding environment. The goal of this study was to illustrate the histopathological effects of bisphenol A on the renal cortex with referral to the possible ameliorative effect of green tea extract and to throw more light on some underlying mechanisms, for the first time up to our knowledge, by which green tea extract exerted its effects against bisphenol A-induced nephrotoxicity. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into four groups: Group I (control group); Group II (bisphenol A-treated group), received bisphenol by gavage 125 μg/kg once daily for 35 days; Group III (bisphenol A and green tea extract treated group), received bisphenol by gavage 125 μg/kg simultaneously with 200 mg/kg/day green tea extract once daily for 35 days; and Group IV (green tea extract treated group), received 200 mg/kg/day green tea extract for 35 days by gavage. At the end of the study, rats were anesthetized and the kidney from all groups were extracted and examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Deterioration of kidney structure was greatest in group II as compa-red to control group. Some of the renal corpuscles showed widening of the Bowman's capsule, shrunken degenerated glomerular tuft and dilated congested glomerular capillaries. Interstitial and intra-tubular hemorrhage was also observed. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the collagen deposition in bisphenol A-treated group in addition to up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Fas Ligand (Fas L), alpha smooth muscle actin (alfa-SMA) and desmin immunoreaction. The co-administration of green tea extract greatly reduced these nephrotoxic effects of bisphenol A exposure through its antioxidant
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