Phenotypic variation in leaf photosynthetic traits, leaf area index, and carbon discrimination of field-grown wheat genotypes and their relationship with yield performance in Mediterranean environments.

MAIN CONCLUSION: Leaf water potential, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence exhibited significant differences among genotypes, high environmental effects, but low heritability. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior harvest index and grain weight, compared to drought-susceptible ones. Physiological phenotyping can help identify useful traits related to crop performance under water-limited conditions. A set of fourteen bread wheat genotypes with contrasting grain yield (GY) was studied in eight Mediterranean environments in Chile, resulting from the combination of two sites (Cauquenes and Santa Rosa), two water conditions (rainfed-WL and irrigated-WW), and four growing seasons (2015-2018). The objectives were to (i) evaluate the phenotypic variation of leaf photosynthetic traits after heading (anthesis and grain filling) in different environments; (ii) analyze the relationship between GY and leaf photosynthetic traits and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C); and (iii) identify those traits that could have a greater impact in the determination of tolerant genotypes under field conditions. Agronomic traits exhibited significant genotypic differences and genotype × environment (GxE) interaction. The average GY under the WW condition at Santa Rosa was 9.2 Mg ha-1 (range 8.2-9.9 Mg ha-1) and under the WL condition at Cauquenes was 6.2 Mg ha-1 (range 3.7-8.3 Mg ha-1). The GY was closely related to the harvest index (HI) in 14 out of 16 environments, a trait exhibiting a relatively high heritability. In general terms, the leaf photosynthetic traits presented low GxE interaction, but high environmental effects and low heritability, except for the chlorophyll content. The relationships between GY and leaf photosynthetic traits were weaker when performed across genotypes in each environment, indicating low genotypic effects, and stronger when performed across environments for each genotype. The leaf area index and Δ13C also presented high environmental effects and low heritability, and their correlations with GY were influenced by environmental effects. The highest-yielding and drought-tolerant genotypes presented superior HI and grain weight, but no clear differences in leaf photosynthetic traits or Δ13C, compared to drought-susceptible ones. It seems that the phenotypic plasticity of agronomic and leaf photosynthetic traits is very important for crop adaptation to Mediterranean environments.

Challenges for a Massive Implementation of Phenomics in Plant Breeding Programs.

Due to climate change and expected food shortage in the coming decades, not only will it be necessary to develop cultivars with greater tolerance to environmental stress, but it is also imperative to reduce breeding cycle time. In addition to yield evaluation, plant breeders resort to many sensory assessments and some others of intermediate complexity. However, to develop cultivars better adapted to current/future constraints, it is necessary to incorporate a new set of traits, such as morphophysiological and physicochemical attributes, information relevant to the successful selection of genotypes or parents. Unfortunately, because of the large number of genotypes to be screened, measurements with conventional equipment are unfeasible, especially under field conditions. High-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) facilitates collecting a significant amount of data quickly; however, it is necessary to transform all this information (e.g., plant reflectance) into helpful descriptors to the breeder. To the extent that a holistic characterization of the plant (phenomics) is performed in challenging environments, it will be possible to select the best genotypes (forward phenomics) objectively but also understand why the said individual differs from the rest (reverse phenomics). Unfortunately, several elements had prevented phenomics from developing as desired. Consequently, a new set of prediction/validation methodologies, seasonal ambient information, and the fusion of data matrices (e.g., genotypic and phenotypic information) need to be incorporated into the modeling. In this sense, for the massive implementation of phenomics in plant breeding, it will be essential to count an interdisciplinary team that responds to the urgent need to release material with greater capacity to tolerate environmental stress. Therefore, breeding programs should (i) be more efficient (e.g., early discarding of unsuitable material), (ii) have shorter breeding cycles (fewer crosses to achieve the desired cultivar), and (iii) be more productive, increasing the probability of success at the end of the breeding process (percentage of cultivars released to the number of initial crosses).

Exploring plant responses to abiotic stress by contrasting spectral signature changes.

In this study, daily changes over a short period and diurnal progression of spectral reflectance at the leaf level were used to identify spring wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) susceptible to adverse conditions. Four genotypes were grown in pots experiments under semi-controlled conditions in Chile and Spain. Three treatments were applied: i) control (C), ii) water stress (WS), and iii) combined water and heat shock (WS+T). Spectral reflectance, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed on flag leaves for three consecutive days at anthesis. High canopy temperature ( H CT ) genotypes showed less variability in their mean spectral reflectance signature and chlorophyll fluorescence, which was related to weaker responses to environmental fluctuations. While low canopy temperature ( L CT ) genotypes showed greater variability. The genotypes spectral signature changes, in accordance with environmental fluctuation, were associated with variations in their stomatal conductance under both stress conditions (WS and WS+T); L CT genotypes showed an anisohydric response compared that of H CT , which was isohydric. This approach could be used in breeding programs for screening a large number of genotypes through proximal or remote sensing tools and be a novel but simple way to identify groups of genotypes with contrasting performances.

Genotypic variations in leaf and whole-plant water use efficiencies are closely related in bread wheat genotypes under well-watered and water-limited conditions during grain filling.

Wheat plants growing under Mediterranean rain-fed conditions are exposed to water deficit, particularly during the grain filling period, and this can lead to a strong reduction in grain yield (GY). This study examines the effects of water deficit after during the grain filling period on photosynthetic and water-use efficiencies at the leaf and whole-plant level for 14 bread wheat genotypes grown in pots under glasshouse conditions. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted, one in a conventional glasshouse at the Universidad de Talca, Chile (Experiment 1), and another at the National Plant Phenomics Centre (NPPC), Aberystwyth, UK (Experiment 2), in 2015. Plants were grown under well-watered (WW) and water-limited (WL) conditions during grain filling. The reductions in leaf water potential (Ψ), net CO2 assimilation (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) due to water deficit were 79, 35 and 55%, respectively, during grain filling but no significant differences were found among genotypes. However, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (as determined on dark-adapted and illuminated leaves) and chlorophyll content (Chl) were significantly different among genotypes, but not between water conditions. Under both water conditions, An presented a positive and linear relationship with the effective photochemical quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)) and the maximum rate of electron transport (ETRmax), and negative with the quantum yield of non-photochemical energy conversion in Photosystem II (Y(NPQ)). The relationship between An and Chl was positive and linear for both water conditions, but under WL conditions An tended to be lower at any Chl value. Both, instantaneous (An/E) and intrinsic (An/gs) water-use efficiencies at the leaf level exhibited a positive and linear relationship with plant water-use efficiency (WUEp = plant dry weight/water use). Carbon discrimination (Δ13C) in kernels presented a negative relationship with WUEp, at both WW and WL conditions, and a positive relationship with GY. Our results indicate that during grain filling wheat plants face limitations to the assimilation process due to natural senesce and water stress. The reduction in An and gs after anthesis in both water conditions was mainly due a decline in the chlorophyll content (non-stomatal limitation), whereas the observed differences between water conditions were mainly due to a stomatal limitation.

Thermal Imaging Reliability for Estimating Grain Yield and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Wheat Genotypes: Importance of the Environmental Conditions.

Canopy temperature (Tc) by thermal imaging is a useful tool to study plant water status and estimate other crop traits. This work seeks to estimate grain yield (GY) and carbon discrimination (Δ13C) from stress degree day (SDD = Tc - air temperature, Ta), considering the effect of a number of environmental variables such as the averages of the maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPDmax) and the ambient temperature (Tmax), and the soil water content (SWC). For this, a set of 384 and a subset of 16 genotypes of spring bread wheat were evaluated in two Mediterranean-climate sites under water stress (WS) and full irrigation (FI) conditions, in 2011 and 2012, and 2014 and 2015, respectively. The relationship between the GY of the 384 wheat genotypes and SDD was negative and highly significant in 2011 (r2 = 0.52 to 0.68), but not significant in 2012 (r2 = 0.03 to 0.12). Under WS, the average GY, Δ13C, and SDD of wheat genotypes growing in ten environments were more associated with changes in VPDmax and Tmax than with the SWC. Therefore, the amount of water available to the plant is not enough information to assume that a particular genotype is experiencing a stress condition.

Exploring Agronomic and Physiological Traits Associated With the Differences in Productivity Between Triticale and Bread Wheat in Mediterranean Environments.

In Mediterranean climates soil water deficit occurs mainly during the spring and summer, having a great impact on cereal productivity. While previous studies have indicated that the grain yield (GY) of triticale is usually higher than bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), comparatively little is known about the performance of these crops under water-limited conditions or the physiological traits involved in the different yields of both crops. For this purpose, two sets of experiments were conducted in order to compare a high yielding triticale (cv. Aguacero) and spring wheat (cvs. Pandora and Domo). The first experiment, aiming to analyze the agronomic performance, was carried out in 10 sites located across a wide range of Mediterranean and temperate environments, distributed between 33°34' and 38°41' S. The second experiment, aiming to identify potential physiological traits linked to the different yields of the two crops, was conducted in two Mediterranean sites (Cauquenes and Santa Rosa) in which crops were grown under well-watered (WW) and water-limited (WL) conditions. The relationship between GY and the environmental index revealed that triticale exhibited a higher regression coefficient (Finlay and Wilkinson slope), indicating a more stable response to the environment, accompanied by higher yields than bread wheat. Harvest index was not significantly different between the two cereals, but triticale had higher kernels per spike (35%) and 1000 kernel weight (16%) than wheat, despite a lower number of spikes per square meter. The higher yield of triticale was linked to higher values of chlorophyll content, leaf net photosynthesis (An), the maximum rate of electron transport (ETRmax), the photochemical quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] and leaf water-use efficiency. GY was positively correlated with Ci at anthesis and Δ13C in both species, as well as with gs at anthesis in triticale, but negatively correlated with non-photochemical fluorescence quenching and quantum yield of non-photochemical energy conversion at grain filling in wheat. These results revealed that triticale presented higher photosynthetic rates that contributed to increase plant growth and yield in the different environments, whereas wheat showed higher photoprotection system in detriment of assimilate production.

Assessing Wheat Traits by Spectral Reflectance: Do We Really Need to Focus on Predicted Trait-Values or Directly Identify the Elite Genotypes Group?

Phenotyping, via remote and proximal sensing techniques, of the agronomic and physiological traits associated with yield potential and drought adaptation could contribute to improvements in breeding programs. In the present study, 384 genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were tested under fully irrigated (FI) and water stress (WS) conditions. The following traits were evaluated and assessed via spectral reflectance: Grain yield (GY), spikes per square meter (SM2), kernels per spike (KPS), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), chlorophyll content (SPAD), stem water soluble carbohydrate concentration and content (WSC and WSCC, respectively), carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C), and leaf area index (LAI). The performances of spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), four regression algorithms (PCR, PLSR, ridge regression RR, and SVR), and three classification methods (PCA-LDA, PLS-DA, and kNN) were evaluated for the prediction of each trait. For the classification approaches, two classes were established for each trait: The lower 80% of the trait variability range (Class 1) and the remaining 20% (Class 2 or elite genotypes). Both the SRIs and regression methods performed better when data from FI and WS were combined. The traits that were best estimated by SRIs and regression methods were GY and Δ13C. For most traits and conditions, the estimations provided by RR and SVR were the same, or better than, those provided by the SRIs. PLS-DA showed the best performance among the categorical methods and, unlike the SRI and regression models, most traits were relatively well-classified within a specific hydric condition (FI or WS), proving that classification approach is an effective tool to be explored in future studies related to genotype selection.

Incidencia de infección relacionada con el cuidado sanitario en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos del Hospital Morón. Año 2012 / Incidence of infection associated with health care in the Adult Intensive Care Unit from Moron Hospital. 2012

Introducción: Las infecciones relacionadas con los cuidados sanitarios son causas principales de morbilidad y mortalidad en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, que incluyó a 84 pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Morón durante tres meses del año 2012. Se recogieron variables generales, relacionadas con la presencia de factores de riesgo extrínseco e intrínseco, diagnósticos de infecciones relacionadas con los cuidados sanitarios y gérmenes causales. Resultados: Los principales factores de riesgo fueron el uso de antibióticos y dispositivos invasivos. Al menos una infección durante su ingreso se diagnosticó en 20,1 por ciento de la muestra. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron la respiratoria, a predominio de la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica, 26,3 por ciento, las bacteriemias primarias y asociadas a catéter (21,0 por ciento/10,5 por ciento). La densidad de incidencia de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica fue 14,49 por ciento días de factor de riesgo. Los microorganismos más frecuentes aislados fueron el grupo de los Staphylococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp. y Klebsiellas spp. La estadía media de los pacientes con infección relacionada con el cuidado sanitario fue 10,37 días vs 4,12 días en pacientes sin ellas (p<0,001).Conclusiones: Las tasas y densidades de incidencia de infecciones relacionadas con los cuidados sanitarios son altas y ocasionan un aumento de la estadía y mortalidad; los resultados mostrados reflejan la magnitud del problema de las IRCS en las UCIs(AU)

The healthcare-related infections are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study involving 84 patients in the Intensive Care Unit of Moron, for three months was carried out. General variables, such as the presence of extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors, infection diagnostics related to causal germs and health care were collected. The main risk factors were the use of antibiotics and invasive devices. At least one infection during hospitalization was diagnosed in 20.1percent of the sample. The most common sites were respiratory, prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, 26.3 percent, primary and catheter- related bacteremia (21.0 percent/10.5 percent). The incidence density of ventilator-associated pneumonia was a 14.49 percent of risk factor days. The most common isolated microorganisms were the groups of Staphylococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiellas spp. The average stay of patients with this condition was 10.37 days 4.12 in other patients (p <0.001). The rates and incidence density of health care related infections are high and cause an increase of stay and mortality(AU)

Comportamiento clínico epidemiológico de la paciente materna grave en Cuidados Intensivos / Epidemiologic clinical behavior of serious maternal in Intensive Care

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo, se utilizó el método epidemiológico para conocer el comportamiento de la morbimortalidad materna en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente “Capitán Roberto Rodríguez Fernández”, del Municipio Morón, Ciego de Ávila, desde enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2012. El Universo estuvo constituido por 86 pacientes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad materna, municipio de procedencia, diagnóstico al ingreso, ventilación artificial y causas de muerte. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas de las pacientes y el Departamento de Registros Médicos. La única muerte ocurrió en 2010 por coagulación intravascular diseminada, que representa una tasa de 4.8 x 100000 nacidos vivos. El mayor número de ingresos correspondió a Morón con 37 (43,02 por ciento) y el mes de mayor incidencia fue septiembre con 15 (17,4 por ciento). El grupo de edad más representado fue entre los 25–29 años, con 23 pacientes (26,7 por ciento). Predominaron los ingresos de causas obstétricas (69,8 por ciento), se destaca la preeclampsia grave identificada en 21 pacientes (35,0 por ciento). La causa no obstétrica más frecuente fue la bronconeumonía (34,6 por ciento). Solo 13 pacientes maternas (15,1 por ciento) requirieron ventilación mecánica artificial (AU)

An Observational Descriptive Longitudinal retrospective study was carried out using the Epidemiological Method to understand the behaviour of maternal morbimortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Roberto Rodriguez Fernandez General Provincial Teaching Hospital in Moron, Ciego de Avila from January 2010 to December 2012. The population consisted of 86 patients. The studied variables were mother's age, municipalities of residence, admitting diagnosis, artificial ventilation and cause of death. Data was obtained from the patients' medical record and the Department of Medical Registry. The only death occurred in 2010 caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, which represented a rate of 4.8 x 100000 live births. The largest number of admissions were in Moron with 37 (43.02 percent) and the month of most incidence was September with 15 (17.4 percent). The best represented age group was 25-29 years old with 23 patients (26.7 percent). The most common reason of admission was obstetric causes (69.8 percent), predominately severe preeclampsia identified in 21 patients (35.0 percent). The most common non obstetric cause was bronchopneumonia (34.6 percent). Only 13 mothers (15.1 percent) required artificial mechanical ventilation (AU)

Síndrome de Charles Bonnet: reporte de caso y revisión del tema / Charles Bonnet syndrome: case report and subject revision

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 77 años, viuda, procedente de área urbana, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, con tratamiento regular de enalapril 20 mg. diarios, con déficit visual secundario a degeneración macular asociada a la edad, con pérdida progresiva de la agudeza visual, presentó alucinaciones visuales complejas de tres años de evolución y luego de ser estudiada por Psiquiatría, Oftalmología y Medicina Interna se estableció el diagnóstico de síndrome de Charles Bonnet, entidad que tiende a ser subdiagnosticada en el ámbito de la salud, dada su rareza y desconocimiento por parte del personal médico. Se describen las principales características clínicas del síndrome, fisiopatología, factores de riesgo, diagnóstico y tratamiento (AU)

The case of 77 years feminine patient appears, widow, coming from urban area, with hypertension antecedents, having regular treatment with enalapril 20 mg. everyday, with secondary visual deficit to age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), with progressive loss of visual acuity, she presented complex visual hallucinations in three years of evolution and after being studied by Psychiatry, Ophtalmology and Internal Medicine it was established the diagnosis of Charles Bonnet syndrome. This entity tends to be subdiagnosed in the scope of the health, given to its peculiarity and ignorance on the part of the medical personnel. It shows the main clinical characteristics of the syndrome, physiopathology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment (AU)

Isolation of a field strain of Brucella abortus from RB51-vaccinated- and brucellosis-seronegative bovine yearlings that calved normally.

A study was carried out in Pichucalco, Chiapas (Mexico) to determine whether recently calved cows or those that aborted shed Brucella. Serological diagnosis of brucellosis was made in all animals (209). Six of the cows that calved normally and two that aborted underwent a bacteriological study of milk and vaginal exudate. Brucella abortus was isolated from vaginal exudate samples in two 3- to 4-year-old seronegative first-birth cows that had calved normally. This was confirmed through bacteriological identification and PCR as a field strain and smooth phenotypes. We conclude that seronegative cows vaccinated with RB51 which calved normally and shed B. abortus in the vaginal exudate after calving could be a serious problem because these cows are overlooked in routine diagnoses and are a source of Brucella infection.

Bacterias resistentes en la neumonía asociada a la ventilación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Resistant bacteria in ventilation associated pneumonia in intensive cares unit

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal retrospectivo para conocer el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana de las principales cepas obtenidas en los cultivos microbiológicos realizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de Adultos del Hospital General Roberto Rodríguez Fernández, de Morón, Ciego de Ávila, durante el año 2011. El universo estuvo constituido por 90 exámenes realizados a 27 pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía nosocomial y la muestra conformada por los 31 exámenes positivos. Se realizaron los perfiles de sensibilidad de las cepas aisladas con el método de Kirby Bauer, se utilizaron discos en placas de agar Muller-Hinton. Las bacterias más frecuentes fueron el complejo acinetobacter calcoacético/baumannii, el estafilococo aureus, escherichia coli y klebsiella pneumoneae. Los microorganismos productores de betalactamasas fueron la escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoneae y Klebsiella oxytoca

Meningoencefalitis por Criptococo neoformans: reporte de caso y revisión del tema / Meningoencephalitis by Cryptococcus neoformans: case report and subject revision

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 60 años, procedente de área urbana, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y artritis psoriásica, que lleva tratamiento con metrotexate, quien ingresó en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por cefalea gradual generalizada y constante, seguida de pérdida de la conciencia, convulsiones generalizadas tónico-clónicas, estupor, afasia mixta, hiperreflexia osteotendinosa en los 4 miembros, Babinnsky bilateral y rigidez de nuca. La tomografía de cráneo informó hemorragia cerebral intraparenquimatosa. El estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo fue incoloro, transparente, con 50 células solamente a predominio de linfocitos, por lo que se sospechó meningoencefalitis por hongos, que se confirmó al realizar tinción con tinta china (Cryptococo neoformans). Fueron estudiadas las excretas de su mascota (cotorra Amazona leucocephala leucocephala) que demostró ser el agente causal. Se aplicó tratamiento con amfotericin B, pero finalmente falleció ocho semanas después.

Meningoencefalitis por Criptococo neoformans: reporte de caso y revisión del tema / Meningoencephalitis by Cryptococcus neoformans: case report and subject revision

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 60 años, procedente de área urbana, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y artritis psoriásica, que lleva tratamiento con metrotexate, quien ingresó en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por cefalea gradual generalizada y constante, seguida de pérdida de la conciencia, convulsiones generalizadas tónico-clónicas, estupor, afasia mixta, hiperreflexia osteotendinosa en los 4 miembros, Babinnsky bilateral y rigidez de nuca. La tomografía de cráneo informó hemorragia cerebral intraparenquimatosa. El estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo fue incoloro, transparente, con 50 células solamente a predominio de linfocitos, por lo que se sospechó meningoencefalitis por hongos, que se confirmó al realizar tinción con tinta china (Cryptococo neoformans). Fueron estudiadas las excretas de su mascota (cotorra Amazona leucocephala leucocephala) que demostró ser el agente causal. Se aplicó tratamiento con amfotericin B, pero finalmente falleció ocho semanas después (AU)

Bacterias resistentes en la neumonía asociada a la ventilación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Resistant bacteria in ventilation associated pneumonia in intensive cares unit

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal retrospectivo para conocer el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana de las principales cepas obtenidas en los cultivos microbiológicos realizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de Adultos del Hospital General Roberto Rodríguez Fernández, de Morón, Ciego de Ávila, durante el año 2011. El universo estuvo constituido por 90 exámenes realizados a 27 pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía nosocomial y la muestra conformada por los 31 exámenes positivos. Se realizaron los perfiles de sensibilidad de las cepas aisladas con el método de Kirby Bauer, se utilizaron discos en placas de agar Muller-Hinton. Las bacterias más frecuentes fueron el complejo acinetobacter calcoacético/baumannii, el estafilococo aureus, escherichia coli y klebsiella pneumoneae. Los microorganismos productores de betalactamasas fueron la escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoneae y Klebsiella oxytoca (AU)

Hernia diafragmática derecha traumática: a propósito de un caso / Hospital General Docente Capitán Roberto Rodríguez Fernández

La hernia diafragmática constituye una forma poco frecuente de afección diafragmática y se necesita un índice elevado de sospecha para su diagnóstico. Las lesiones del lado izquierdo parecen ser las más frecuentes según la literatura revisada. Se presenta una paciente de 32 años de edad que ingresa en el servicio de terapia intensiva luego de sufrir accidente en la línea férrea y recibir múltiples lesiones en diferentes órganos y sistemas, esta situación en particular se presentó clínicamente como disnea que se fue incrementando, sudoración, palidez, deterioro hemodinámico, además de las características clínicas de las demás situaciones que presentaba; se hizo el diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico de hernia diafragmática traumática del lado derecho y se realizó corrección quirúrgica inmediata, la paciente estuvo ingresada por espacio de 30 días con una evolución favorable de todas sus lesiones como consecuencia del trauma.

Diaphragmatic hernia constitutes a rare form of diaphragmatic affection and an elevated index of suspicion is needed for its diagnosis. The injuries of the left side seem to be most frequent according to reviewed literature. A patient of 32 years appears and enters in the Intensive Care Unit after suffering an accident in the railway and receiving multiple injuries in different organs and systems, this situation appeared clinically as dyspnea that it was increasing, perspiration, paleness, haemodynamic deterioration, in addition to the clinical characteristics of the other situations that presented. A clinical and X-ray diagnosis of traumatic right diaphragmatic hernia and immediate surgical correction was carried out. The patient was admitted for 30 days with a favorable evolution of all her injuries as a result of the traum.

Hernia diafragmática derecha traumática: a propósito de un caso / Traumatic right diaphragmatic Hernia: a case report

La hernia diafragmática constituye una forma poco frecuente de afección diafragmática y se necesita un índice elevado de sospecha para su diagnóstico. Las lesiones del lado izquierdo parecen ser las más frecuentes según la literatura revisada. Se presenta una paciente de 32 años de edad que ingresa en el servicio de terapia intensiva luego de sufrir accidente en la línea férrea y recibir múltiples lesiones en diferentes órganos y sistemas, esta situación en particular se presentó clínicamente como disnea que se fue incrementando, sudoración, palidez, deterioro hemodinámico, además de las características clínicas de las demás situaciones que presentaba; se hizo el diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico de hernia diafragmática traumática del lado derecho y se realizó corrección quirúrgica inmediata, la paciente estuvo ingresada por espacio de 30 días con una evolución favorable de todas sus lesiones como consecuencia del trauma (AU)

Diaphragmatic hernia constitutes a rare form of diaphragmatic affection and an elevated index of suspicion is needed for its diagnosis. The injuries of the left side seem to be most frequent according to reviewed literature. A patient of 32 years appears and enters in the Intensive Care Unit after suffering an accident in the railway and receiving multiple injuries in different organs and systems, this situation appeared clinically as dyspnea that it was increasing, perspiration, paleness, haemodynamic deterioration, in addition to the clinical characteristics of the other situations that presented. A clinical and X-ray diagnosis of traumatic right diaphragmatic hernia and immediate surgical correction was carried out. The patient was admitted for 30 days with a favorable evolution of all her injuries as a result of the trauma (AU)

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle in three southern states of Mexico.

The aims of the present study were to examine the seroprevalence of neosporosis in beef herds from three southern states of Mexico and determine the association with several risk factors. A cross-sectional serological survey for Neospora caninum was carried out by sampling a total of 596 animals from 31 herds in Chiapas, Veracruz, and Yucatan States and tested using an ELISA assay (IDEXX) to detect anti-N. caninum antibodies. The overall prevalence was 11.6%, (95% CI: 0.93-0.14), however, the prevalence for Chiapas was 15% (30/200) (95% CI: 0.11-0.21), in Yucatan 11.3% (21/186) (95% CI: 0.07-0.17) and in Veracruz 8.6% (18/210) (95% CI: 0.05-0.13). Of the 596 serum samples taken, 578 were from females and 18 were bulls., Only one bull sample was found seropositive from one herd in Veracruz State. The overall herd-prevalence was 70.9% (22/31) (95% CI: 0.53-0.84), and by State was: Chiapas 90% (9/10) (95% CI: 0.60-0.98); Yucatan 72.7% (8/12) (95% CI: 0.39-0.86); and Veracruz 50% (5/10) (95% CI: 0.24-0.76), respectively. The highest age-prevalences were found in animals 1 yr old (19.4% [95% CI: 0.01-0.35]) and 4 yrs old (19.6% [95% CI: 0.12-0.29]), and the lowest in animals 3 -yrs of age (6.2%,[95% CI: 0.02-0.20]). No association was found among all the variables tested in this study since most of the ranches have similar management conditions. In conclusion, N. caninum infection is common among beef herds in the Mexican tropics.