Physical Activity, Seasonal Sensitivity and Psychological Well-Being of People of Different Age Groups Living in Extreme Environments.

Physical activity can prevent many organic and mental pathologies. For people living in extreme southern high-latitude environments, weather conditions can affect these activities, altering their psychological well-being and favoring the prevalence of seasonal sensitivity (SS). This study aims to determine the relationships between the practice of physical activity, seasonal sensitivity and well-being in people living in high southern latitudes. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), applying a psychological well-being scale, and determining sports practice according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the 370 male (n = 209; 55%) and female (n = 173; 45%) participants. The main results indicated that 194 people (52 ± 7.7 years) reported physical activity. High-intensity physical activity practitioners recorded a significantly lower proportion of SS. In terms of psychological well-being, an adverse effect was found between the Seasonal Score Index (SSI) and five subcategories of the Ryff well-being scale. In conclusion, those who perform high-intensity physical activity have a lower SS, and those who have a higher SS have a lower psychological well-being.

Effect of Confinement on Anxiety Symptoms and Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted lifestyles worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of confinement on anxiety symptoms and sleep quality in people living in extreme southern latitudes. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered to 617 people, 74.2% of whom were women. The sample was grouped according to confinement: the zone of confinement (CZ) (46.5%) and the zone of partial confinement (PZ) (53.5%). In addition, the sample was further categorized into four age subgroups (18-25 years; 26-40 years; 41-50 years; over 50 years). Higher levels of anxiety and worse sleep quality were found in the CZ group than in the PZ group. Women had higher levels of anxiety and worse sleep quality than men. A significant bidirectional relationship between anxiety and sleep quality was observed, even after controlling for sex. This study demonstrated that women and young adults were more vulnerable to the effects of confinement on anxiety symptoms and sleep quality in populations at southern latitudes.

[Depression and seasonal sensitivity among medical students residing in high southern latitudes]. / Sintomatología depresiva y calidad de vida en estudiantes de medicina en alta latitud sur.

BACKGROUND: There is no evidence for the association of depressive symptoms with the sense of well-being of undergraduate medical students residing in high southern latitudes (HSL). AIM: To assess the frequency of depressive symptoms and its relationship with seasonal sensitivity and quality of life in medical students residing in HSL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Beck anxiety and depressive symptoms inventory, the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire and the quality-of-life questionnaire of the WHO were applied to 102 medical students residing in Magallanes, Chile. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of respondents reported some degree of depressive symptoms. These symptoms were significantly associated with the seasonal pattern score (r = 0.432, p < 0.01). They were also inversely associated with parameters of physical health and psychosocial health (r = -0.567, p < 0.01 and r = -0.708, p < 0.01, respectively). There was also a correlation between depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms are common in medical students residing in HSL and they are associated with seasonal sensitivity and quality of life measures.

Fatigue and conformist traits in the performance of young swimmers / Fatiga y rasgo conformista en el rendimiento de jovenes nadadores / Fadiga e traço conformista no desempenho de jovens nadadores

Objective: Determine the relationship between the fatigue of adolescent swimmers in high-level competitions during two continuous periods of maximum performance and the degree that swimmers conform to norms during these periods.Methods: We evaluated the conformist trait and three areas of fatigue in two consecutive competitive periods, in 25 young elite swimmers. The measures were evaluated before (_B) and after (_A) of pre (t1; t3) and pos (t2; t4) competition in each period. Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory was applied for identifies the more adherens (AD; n=12) or detached from the norm (DN; n=13) conformist traits. Wingate test, Heart rate variability (RMSSD; SDNN), WISC-V, and Stroop test were evaluated.Results: DN group present lower fatigue in t1 but an increase in t2, t3, and t4. AN present higher RMSSD_B and SDNN_B in t1. In t3, the mental fatigue of DN was correlated negatively with RMSSD_B; SDNN_B. Both groups had more SDNN_B than SDNN_A in t4.Conclusions: Physical fatigue was an important conditiong in both groups, however, the DN group may be more sensitive to physiological and mental fatigue directly affecting the sports performance. (AU)

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la fatiga de los nadadores adolescentes en competencias de alto nivel, durante dos períodos continuos de máximo rendimiento, y el grado en que los nadadores se ajustan a las normas durante estos períodos.Métodos: Evaluamos el rasgo conformista y tres áreas de fatiga en dos períodos competitivos consecutivos, en 25 jóvenes nadadores de élite. Las medidas se evaluaron antes (_B) y después (_A) de pre (t1; t3) y pos (t2; t4) período de competencia. Se aplicó el Inventario Clínico de Adolescentes Millon para identificar los rasgos más (AD) o menos (DN) conformistas. Se evaluó la prueba de Wingate, la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (RMSSD; SDNN), WISC-V y la prueba Stroop.Resultados: El grupo DN presenta menor fatiga en t1 pero aumentó en t2, t3 y t4. AN presenta RMSSD_B y SDNN_B más altos en t1. En t3, la fatiga mental de DN se correlacionó negativamente con RMSSD_B; SDNN_B. Ambos grupos tenían más SDNN_B que SDNN_A en t4.Conclusiones: La fatiga física fue una importante condición en ambos grupos, sin embargo, el grupo DN puede ser más sensible a la fatiga fisiológica y mental, lo cual puedeafectar directamente el rendimiento deportivo. (AU)

Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre a fadiga de nadadores adolescentes em competições de alto nível durante dois períodos contínuos de pico de desempenho e o grau em que os nadadores se conformam às normas durante esses períodos.Métodos: Avaliamos o traço conformista e três áreas de fadiga em dois períodos competitivos consecutivos, em 25 jovens nadadores de elite. As medidas foram avaliadas antes (_B) e depois (_A) do período pré (t1; t3) e pós (t2; t4) da competição. O Millon Adolescents Clinical Inventory foi aplicado para identificar os traços mais (AD) ou menos (DN) conformistas. Foram avaliados o teste de Wingate, a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (RMSSD; SDNN), o WISC-V e o teste de Stroop.Resultados: o grupo DN apresentou menor fadiga em t1, mas aumentou em t2, t3 e t4. AN tem RMSSD_B e SDNN_B mais altos em t1. Em t3, a fadiga mental ND foi negativamente correlacionada com RMSSD_B; SDNN_B. Ambos os grupos tiveram mais SDNN_B do que SDNN_A em t4.Conclusões: A fadiga física foi um condicionamento importante em ambos os grupos, entretanto, o grupo ND pode ser mais sensível à fadiga fisiológica e mental que afeta diretamente o desempenho esportivo. (AU)

Asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y la regulación del sistema cardiovascular en estudiantes de medicina. Un estudio piloto / Association between body mass index and regulation of the cardiovascular system in medical students. A pilot study

Objetivo: determinar la existencia de una asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y la regulación cardiovascular en estudiantes de medicina. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal con un diseño aleatorio. La muestra se compuso por 54 estudiantes de medicina (21,2 ± 1,6 años) evaluados y clasificados según el índice de masa corporal: normopeso (NP; IMC < 25 kg/m2); sobrepeso (SP; IMC≥ 25 kg/m2); obesos (OB; IMC ≥ a 30 Kg/m2). Las medidas antropométricas, presión arterial y variabilidad de frecuencia cardiaca (HRV) fueron las variables evaluadas. Resultados: el 51,9% de los estudiantes presenta sobrepeso u obesidad. El índice de masa corporal correlaciona negativamente con el parámetro de variabilidad de frecuencia cardíaca, especialmente al compararla en los dominios de tiempo de HRV (p<0,001). También se observaron diferencias en el control autonómico cardíaco al comparar los grupos de estudio en LnRMSSD (p<0,01) y LnSDNN (p<0,01). Conclusión: la implementación de medidas que disminuyan los valores de IMC posibilitará un mayor control autonómico cardíaco y mejor salud cardiovascular en estudiantes de medicina..(Au)

Objective: this study had the purpose of knowing the association of the body mass index and cardiovascular regulation of medical students. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study with a randomized design. The sample consisted of 54 medical students (21,2 ± 1,6 years) who were evaluated and classified according to the body mass index: Normal weight (NP; BMI <25 kg / m2); Overweight (SP; BMI≥ 25 kg / m2); Obese (OB; BMI ≥ 30 Kg / m2). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV) were the variables evaluated. Results: 51,9% of the students are overweight or obese. The body mass index was negatively correlated with the heart rate variability parameter, especially when compared with the HRV time domains (p <0.001). Differences were also observed in cardiac autonomic control when comparing the study groups in LnRMSSD (p <0,01) and LnSDNN (p <0,01). Conclusion: the implementation of measures that decrease BMI values will allow greater autonomic cardiac control and better cardiovascular health in medical students..(Au)

Sintomatología depresiva y calidad de vida en estudiantes de medicina en alta latitud sur / Depression and seasonal sensitivity among medical students residing in high southern latitudes

Background: There is no evidence for the association of depressive symptoms with the sense of well-being of undergraduate medical students residing in high southern latitudes (HSL). Aim: To assess the frequency of depressive symptoms and its relationship with seasonal sensitivity and quality of life in medical students residing in HSL. Material and Methods: The Beck anxiety and depressive symptoms inventory, the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire and the quality-of-life questionnaire of the WHO were applied to 102 medical students residing in Magallanes, Chile. Results: Fifty-two percent of respondents reported some degree of depressive symptoms. These symptoms were significantly associated with the seasonal pattern score (r = 0.432, p < 0.01). They were also inversely associated with parameters of physical health and psychosocial health (r = −0.567, p < 0.01 and r = −0.708, p < 0.01, respectively). There was also a correlation between depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are common in medical students residing in HSL and they are associated with seasonal sensitivity and quality of life measures.

Percepción sobre las competencias específicas de formación profesional del cinesiólogo / Perception of the professional training specific competences of the physiotherapist

Objetivo: La presente investigación se interesó en conocer la percepción que profesionales del equipo de salud tienen sobre las competencias de formación del cinesiólogo. Sujetos y métodos: Un total de 102 participantes de profesiones afines a la cinesiología contestaron el instrumento que contenía el total de las competencias específicas propuestas para el perfil de egreso. Mediante un diseño no experimental transversal correlacional, los participantes voluntarios opinaron individualmente sobre la cuestión. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados indican que existe acuerdo sobre la relevancia de las competencias del perfil, aunque hay algunas diferencias de énfasis según la profesión. Aquellos profesionales que desarrollan labores vinculadas directamente con el trabajo del cinesiólogo otorgaron una mayor importancia a las competencias del área clínica. Además, áreas históricas de conflicto como la gestión y administración fueron menos valoradas por profesionales que suelen ejercer estos roles. Se discuten los resultados en torno a sus posibles aplicaciones para la actualización de los perfiles de egreso profesional

Aim: The present study covers the perception of the physical therapist unique knowledge and competence among the allied health care professionals. Subjects and methods: A total of 102 professionals participated related to the work of a therapist answering the questionnaire that covered all areas of specific skills and scope necessary at time of graduation. A non-experimental transversal cross co relational study was used to interview the volunteer’s subjects who gave their personal opinion. Results and conclusions: The outcome indicated there are agreement among allied health care professional about the importance of the competence of the physical therapist although they advise of some differences in the emphasis according from their specific area of work. Those who work closely to a therapist developed a higher importance to the scope of the physical therapist as a clinician. Beside common areas of conflict such as health administration were least appreciated by other allied health care workers who normally are employed in this area. The results are reviewed to apply them in the adjustments for future curriculum in physical therapy schools

Percepción de conflicto intergrupal y su relación con la adhesión a creencias esencialistas / Perception of the intergroup conflict and its correlation with adherence to essentialist beliefs

La presente investigación estudia cómo se vinculan la percepción de un conflicto entre dos grupos (endogrupo y exogrupo) y la adherencia a creencias esencialistas. La hipótesis de trabajo es que la percepción de un mayor nivel de conflicto entre el endogrupo y un exogrupo se asocia a un aumento en las creencias esencialistas, es decir, se vería incrementado al pensar que los grupos existen como consecuencia de elementos profundos compartidos por sus miembros, que los convierten en grupos reales y naturales (no creados socialmente). Esta hipótesis se enmarca en una nueva orientación respecto de la aplicación de esta teoría implícita, en el sentido de tratar de comprender -más que sus consecuencias negativas- los virtuales beneficios secundarios para el grupo que opera con ellas. En dos estudios similares (N1 = 180, N2 = 162), que utilizaron un muestreo no aleatorio intencional y un diseño no experimental transversal y correlacional, se midieron las variables "percepción de conflicto" y "creencias esencialistas respecto al propio grupo y a otro grupo". Los resultados van en la dirección de nuestras predicciones e indican que, efectivamente, ambas variables se encuentran vinculadas. Se discute en torno a la posible interpretación causal de estos resultados y sus limitaciones.

This research study covers the relation between perception of conflict (in two groups: intragroup and extragroup) and adherence to essentialist beliefs. The hypothesis made Social identity states that perception of a higher conflict level between intragroup and extragroup is associated with an increase in essentialist beliefs. This means that this increase occurs pursuant to the belief that groups exist as a consequence of sharing profound elements amongst members, thus becoming real and natural (not socially created) groups. This hypothesis establishes a new approach to the application of this implicit theory, as it seeks to understand not only its negative consequences, but also its potential ancillary benefits for the groups which operate under such negative consequences. The two variables were measured in two similar studies (N1=180, N2=169) which used non-random sampling and a non-experimental cross-correlational design.The variables used were "conflict perception" and "essentialist intragroup extragroup beliefs".The results are in line with our predictions, showing that both variables are related. A discussion is presented on potential causal interpretation of these results and their limitations.

Concepto de calidad en educación en la formación del profesional de cinesiología / Concept of educational quality in physical therapists' undergraduate professional training

Objetivo: Conocer el concepto de calidad educativa en la formación del profesional de cinesiología. Sujetos y métodos: Un total de 90 participantes egresados y estudiantes de último año de la carrera de cinesiología contestaron el instrumento de evaluación que contenía los criterios de calidad en educación propuestos para la formación del profesional de cinesiología. Mediante un diseño no experimental transversal correlacional, los participantes voluntarios opinaron individualmente sobre la cuestión. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados indican que, en general, todos los criterios se consideraron importantes, pero existen algunas diferencias entre profesionales y estudiantes sobre la relevancia de los criterios de calidad en educación. Los profesionales egresados de la carrera de cinesiología otorgan una mayor importancia a los criterios de calidad en educación relacionados con la excelencia y la evaluación. Además, jerarquizan como importantes criterios de calidad vinculados con los recursos, procesos y resultados. Por otro lado, los estudiantes dan gran importancia a los criterios relacionados con el proceso de formación, como son los recursos, la evaluación y la excelencia. Se discuten los resultados en torno al concepto de calidad y sus posibles aplicaciones en la mejora de los procesos educativos y, por tanto, en la formación profesional

Aim: To explore the concept of quality in education during the undergraduate years of physical therapy student's training. Subjects and methods: A total of 90 senior students and graduated physical therapists answered the questions from a survey instrument containing the whole quality variables in education, proposed during the curriculum program of physical therapists. A non experimental transversal cross correlational study was used. Results and conclusions: The results indicate there are significant differences among graduates and the student's perceptions about the relevance of quality components of the educational experience. The graduated therapists attributed greater importance to the areas of education related to excellence and evaluation. They also prioritized aspects of quality connected with the resources, process and outcomes. Conversely, the students gave greater importance to the areas associated with the learning process; such as the resources of the institution, assessment and better education. Outcomes related to the concept of educational quality and its possible applications in the improvement of the learning process and overall professional development are discussed

Estudio sobre la pertinencia del uso de las normas disponibles del Raven en adultos mayores chilenos / Study on the relevance of using available norms Raven in Chileans older adults / Estudo sobre a pertinência da utilização das normas disponíveis de Raven em idosos chilenos

La evaluación de la inteligencia en población adulto mayor ha aumentado su relevancia debido al incremento de la esperanza de vida. Este estudio centra su interés en la pertinencia de normas disponibles para el Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven para dicha población. Se utilizaron normas de Colchester (1942, en Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), las más completas existentes. Participaron 102 adultos mayores voluntarios (más de 60 años). El diseño fue no experimental transversal correlacional. Los resultados indican que las normas resultan poco exigentes para ese grupo y que existen diferencias significativas entre los adultos de la tercera y cuarta edad, privilegiando a los del primer grupo. El índice de discrepancia mostró alta sensibilidad, indicando que la distribución de puntajes esperados no se corresponde al de la población general. Se discuten los resultados en torno a la necesidad de actualización de las normas y la consideración de las nuevas características de este periodo vital.(AU)

The assessment of intelligence in the elderly population has increased its importance in terms of increased life expectancy. The present study focuses its interest on the relevance of available norms for Raven Progressive Matrices Test in the evaluation of elderly population. Standards were used Colchester (1942, en Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), the most comprehensive available. The non-probability sample involved 102 elderly (aged over 60 years old) who were volunteers. The study used a non-experimental cross-correlation design. The results indicate that the current norms are not very demanding for the aging population, and that there are significant differences between adults of the third and fourth age, better for the first group. Moreover, the discrepancy index showed high sensitivity, indicating that the expected distribution of scores does not correspond to the general population. Results are discussed regarding the need to update the norms and the consideration of the new features involved in this vital period.(AU)

A avaliação da inteligência na população idosa tem aumentado sua importância devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida. Este estudo está centrado na relevância das normas disponíveis para o teste de Matrizes Progressivas de Raven para essa população. Foram utilizadas as normas de Colchester (1942, citado por Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), as mais completas disponíveis. Participaram 102 idosos voluntários (com idade superior a 60 anos). O desenho do estudo foi não experimental transversal correlacional. Os resultados indicam que as normas são pouco exigentes para esse grupo e que existem diferenças significativas entre os adultos da terceira e quarta idade, privilegiando o primeiro grupo. O índice de discrepância mostrou alta sensibilidade, indicando que a distribuição de pontuações esperadas não corresponde a da população em geral. Os resultados são discutidos em relação à necessidade de atualização das normas e da consideração das novas características desse período vital.(AU)

Estudio sobre la pertinencia del uso de las normas disponibles del Raven en adultos mayores chilenos / Study on the relevance of using available norms Raven in Chileans older adults / Estudo sobre a pertinência da utilização das normas disponíveis de Raven em idosos chilenos

La evaluación de la inteligencia en población adulto mayor ha aumentado su relevancia debido al incremento de la esperanza de vida. Este estudio centra su interés en la pertinencia de normas disponibles para el Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven para dicha población. Se utilizaron normas de Colchester (1942, en Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), las más completas existentes. Participaron 102 adultos mayores voluntarios (más de 60 años). El diseño fue no experimental transversal correlacional. Los resultados indican que las normas resultan poco exigentes para ese grupo y que existen diferencias significativas entre los adultos de la tercera y cuarta edad, privilegiando a los del primer grupo. El índice de discrepancia mostró alta sensibilidad, indicando que la distribución de puntajes esperados no se corresponde al de la población general. Se discuten los resultados en torno a la necesidad de actualización de las normas y la consideración de las nuevas características de este periodo vital.

The assessment of intelligence in the elderly population has increased its importance in terms of increased life expectancy. The present study focuses its interest on the relevance of available norms for Raven Progressive Matrices Test in the evaluation of elderly population. Standards were used Colchester (1942, en Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), the most comprehensive available. The non-probability sample involved 102 elderly (aged over 60 years old) who were volunteers. The study used a non-experimental cross-correlation design. The results indicate that the current norms are not very demanding for the aging population, and that there are significant differences between adults of the third and fourth age, better for the first group. Moreover, the discrepancy index showed high sensitivity, indicating that the expected distribution of scores does not correspond to the general population. Results are discussed regarding the need to update the norms and the consideration of the new features involved in this vital period.

A avaliação da inteligência na população idosa tem aumentado sua importância devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida. Este estudo está centrado na relevância das normas disponíveis para o teste de Matrizes Progressivas de Raven para essa população. Foram utilizadas as normas de Colchester (1942, citado por Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), as mais completas disponíveis. Participaram 102 idosos voluntários (com idade superior a 60 anos). O desenho do estudo foi não experimental transversal correlacional. Os resultados indicam que as normas são pouco exigentes para esse grupo e que existem diferenças significativas entre os adultos da terceira e quarta idade, privilegiando o primeiro grupo. O índice de discrepância mostrou alta sensibilidade, indicando que a distribuição de pontuações esperadas não corresponde a da população em geral. Os resultados são discutidos em relação à necessidade de atualização das normas e da consideração das novas características desse período vital.

Habilidades sociales y rendimiento académico: una mirada desde el género / Social skills and academic achievement: a gender point of view / Habilidade sociaais e rendimento acadêmico: um olhar a partir do gênero

La relación entre habilidades sociales y rendimiento académico ha estimulado una importante cantidad de investigaciones en virtud de la importancia que estas habilidades han mostrado tener en el ámbito laboral (Edel, 2003). Sin embargo, los resultados no han sido consistentes y, mientras la mayoría de los estudios señalan la presencia de asociación entre estas variables, algunos de ellos no han logrado observarla. Presentamos dos estudios no experimentales transversales correlacionales, uno en una muestra de escolares (n = 245) y otro en una muestra de universitarios (n = 200). Los resultados revelan que los géneros exhiben perfiles diferentes de asociación entre las variables que indicarían que las habilidades interpersonales positivas se asocian al rendimiento académico particularmente en el caso de las mujeres. Estas evidencias son discutidas en torno al potencial impacto de los roles de género sobre la adaptación académica.

The relationship between social skills and academic performance has stimulated a significant amount of research based on the importance that these skills have shown to have in the workplace (Edel, 2003). However, the results have been inconsistent and although most studies report an association between these variables, some of them have failed to observe it. This paper presents two non- experimental cross- sectional, correlational studies, one in a sample of school children (n = 245) and one in a sample of university students (n = 200). The results show that participants of the two genders exhibit different profiles of association between the variables that would indicate that positive interpersonal skills are associated with academic achievement, particularly in the case of women. These evidences are discussed in terms of the potential impact of gender roles on academic adjustment.

A relação entre habilidades sociais e rendimento acadêmico estimulou uma grande quantidade de pesquisas em virtude da importância que estas habilidades mostraram ter no âmbito laboral (Edel, 2003). Porém, os resultados não foram consistentes e, enquanto a maioria dos estudos assinala a presença de associação entre estas variáveis, alguns deles não conseguiram observá-la. Apresentamos dois estudos não experimentais transversais correlacionais, um em uma mostra de escolares (n = 245) e outro em uma mostra de universitários (n = 200). Os resultados revelam que os gêneros exibem perfis diferentes de associação entre as variáveis que indicariam que as habilidades interpessoais positivas se associam ao rendimento acadêmico particularmente no caso das mulheres. Estas evidências são discutidas em torno ao potencial impacto dos papéis de gênero sobre a adaptação acadêmica.