Implications of clinical simulation in motivation for learning: scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify, synthesize, and analyze the scientific knowledge produced regarding the implications of using clinical simulation for undergraduate nursing or medical students' motivation for learning. METHODS: The search for articles was conducted between July 28 and August 3, 2022, on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. The following was used for the search: P - undergraduate students attending Nursing or Medicine courses; C - motivation for learning, and C - skills and clinical simulation laboratory. The following research question guided the study: "What are the implications of clinical simulation on the motivation for learning of undergraduate students of nursing and medicine?" Of the 1,783 articles found, 13 were included in the sample for analysis. All stages of the selection process were carried out by two independent evaluators. The results were presented as charts and a discursive report. RESULTS: The studies analyzed indicated the beneficial effects of clinical simulation on students' motivation, in addition to other gains such as competencies, technical and non-technical skills, knowledge, belonging, autonomy, clinical judgment, critical and reflective thinking, self-efficacy and decreased anxiety, self-management, and improvements in learning and learning climate. CONCLUSION: Clinical simulation provides a positive learning environment favorable to the development of technical and interpersonal skills and competencies, and raising the level of motivational qualities.

Control of type 2 diabetes mellitus among general practitioners in private practice in nine countries of Latin America.

OBJECTIVES: To better understand how diabetes care and control are being administered by general practitioners/nonspecialists in private practice in nine countries of Latin America, and to identify the most significant patient- and physician-related barriers to care. METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional, epidemiological survey was conducted in nine countries in Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. General practitioners in private practice were asked to provide care and control data for patients 18 to 75 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including demographics, medical and medication history, laboratory exams, and information on the challenges of patient management. RESULTS: Of the 3 592 patient questionnaires returned by 377 physicians, 60% of the patients had a family history of diabetes, 58% followed a poor diet, 71% were sedentary, and 79% were obese or overweight. Poor glycemic control (fasting blood glucose >or= 110 mg/dL) was observed in 78% of patients. The number of patients with HbA1c < 7.0% was 43.2%. Glycemic control decreased significantly with increased duration of T2DM. Comorbid conditions associated with T2DM were observed in 86% of patients; insulin use and comorbid conditions, especially those associated with microvascular complications, increased significantly disease duration. Ensuring compliance with recommended diet and exercise plans was the most-cited patient management challenge. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glucose levels are undercontrolled in T2DM patients in the private health care system in Latin America, particularly among those who have had the disease the longest (>15 years). Considering the differences between private and public health care in Latin America, especially regarding the quality of care and access to medication, further studies are called for in the public setting. Overall, a more efficient and intensive program of T2DM control is required, including effective patient education programs, adjusted to the realities of Latin America.

Control of type 2 diabetes mellitus among general practitioners in private practice in nine countries of Latin America

OBJECTIVES: To better understand how diabetes care and control are being administered by general practitioners/nonspecialists in private practice in nine countries of Latin America, and to identify the most significant patient- and physician-related barriers to care. METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional, epidemiological survey was conducted in nine countries in Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. General practitioners in private practice were asked to provide care and control data for patients 18 to 75 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including demographics, medical and medication history, laboratory exams, and information on the challenges of patient management. RESULTS: Of the 3 592 patient questionnaires returned by 377 physicians, 60 percent of the patients had a family history of diabetes, 58 percent followed a poor diet, 71 percent were sedentary, and 79 percent were obese or overweight. Poor glycemic control (fasting blood glucose > 110 mg/dL) was observed in 78 percent of patients. The number of patients with HbA1c < 7.0 percent was 43.2 percent. Glycemic control decreased significantly with increased duration of T2DM. Comorbid conditions associated with T2DM were observed in 86 percent of patients; insulin use and comorbid conditions, especially those associated with microvascular complications, increased significantly disease duration. Ensuring compliance with recommended diet and exercise plans was the most-cited patient management challenge. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glucose levels are undercontrolled in T2DM patients in the private health care system in Latin America, particularly among those who have had the disease the longest (>15 years). Considering the differences between private and public health care in Latin America, especially regarding the quality of care and access to medication, further studies are called for in the public...

OBJETIVOS: Comprender mejor cómo los médicos generales/no especialistas del sector privado atienden y controlan la diabetes en nueve países de América Latina e identificar los principales problemas relacionados con el paciente y el médico, que obstaculizan la atención. MÉTODOS:Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, multicéntrico, transversal, en nueve países de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, México, Perú y Venezuela. Se pidió a los médicos generales del sector privado la información sobre la atención y el control de sus pacientes de 18 a 75 años de edad con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2), así como los datos demográficos, la historia clínica y de medicación, las pruebas de laboratorio e información sobre los retos relacionados con la atención del paciente. RESULTADOS: De los 3 592 cuestionarios de pacientes entregados por 377 médicos, 60 por ciento de los pacientes tenían antecedentes familiares de diabetes, 58 por ciento seguían una dieta inadecuada, 71 por ciento eran sedentarios y 79 por ciento presentaban obesidad o sobrepeso. Se observó un inadecuado control glucémico (glucemia en ayunas > 110 mg/dL) en 78 por ciento de los pacientes. La proporción de pacientes con HbA1c < 7,0 por ciento fue de 43,2 por ciento. El control glucémico se redujo significativamente al aumentar la duración de la DMT2. En 86 por ciento de los pacientes se encontraron enfermedades concurrentes asociadas con la DMT2; el uso de insulina y las enfermedades concurrentes -especialmente las asociadas con complicaciones microvasculares- incrementaron significativamente la duración de la diabetes. En cuanto al tratamiento de los pacientes, el reto más frecuentemente citado fue garantizar la adhesión a la dieta y al plan de ejercicios recomendados. CONCLUSIONES: Los niveles de glucemia no están suficientemente controlados en los pacientes con DMT2 que se atienden en el sistema privado de salud de América Latina, particularmente...