O dilema de Salieri: contraponto entre inveja e apreço / Salieri's dilemma: counterpoint between envy and appreciation

Tomando como ponto de partida os conceitos kleinianos de 1957, este artigo põe em destaque algumas características da inveja que ainda não foram levadas em consideração pela psicanálise. Klein descreve o conflito entre a inveja e a gratidão como algo inerente ao ser humano; ela sugere uma interessante conexão entre a inveja e a admiração, mas sua teoria nunca desenvolveu essa ideia. A hipótese que apresentamos neste trabalho é a existência de uma intolerância específica ­ relacionada à inveja ­ da capacidade de alguém de reconhecer os aspectos meritórios do objeto. Essa situação leva ao paradoxo de que a capacidade que permite ao paciente apreciar as qualidades boas do objeto é, ao mesmo tempo, fonte de dor insuportável. A capacidade de reconhecer os aspectos bons do objeto ­ percebidos ou atribuídos pela identificação projetiva ­ não pode ser aceita como um aspecto meritório do self e é considerada uma prova da falta de valor do self. Acreditamos que a descrição dessa intolerância em relação ao apreço admirativo introduz uma mudança no entendimento da idealização considerada como uma simples defesa contra a inveja, enriquecendo o conflito expresso no imediatismo da transferência ­ contratransferência(AU)

Taking as its starting point Klein's concepts of 1957, this paper stresses certain characteristics of envy that have not yet been taken into account in psychoanalysis. Klein described the conflict between envy and gratitude as inherent in the human being; she suggested an interesting link between envy and admiration, but never developed this idea in her theory. The hypothesis that we put forward in this paper is the existence of a particular intolerance ­ related to envy­ of one's own capacity to recognise the valuable aspects of the object. This situation leads to the paradox that the same faculty that allows the patient to appreciate the good qualities of the object is at the same time the source of unbearable pain. The capacity to recognise the good aspects of the object ­ whether they are perceived or attributed by projective identication ­ cannot be accepted as a valuable aspect of the self and is taken as a proof of the self's unworthiness. We think that the description of this intolerance towards admirative appreciation introduces a change in the understanding of idealisation simply as a defence against envy and enriches the conflict expressed in the immediacy of the transference countertransference(AU)

Tomando como punto de partida los conceptos kleinianos de 1957, en este artículo se resaltan algunas características de la envidia que el psicoanálisis aún no ha tenido en cuenta. Klein describe el conflicto entre la envidia y la gratitud como algo inherente al ser humano y sugiere una interesante conexión entre la envidia y la admiración, pero, en su teoría, nunca desarrolló esa última idea. La hipótesis que presentamos en este trabajo es la de la existencia de una intolerancia específica ­ relacionada a la envidia ­ de la capacidad de alguien de reconocer aspectos valiosos del objeto. Esta situación conduce a la paradoja de que la misma facultad que le permite al paciente apreciar las cualidades buenas del objeto es, al mismo tiempo, una fuente de dolor insoportable. La capacidad de reconocer los aspectos buenos del objeto -percibidos o atribuidos por identificación proyectiva ­ no se puede aceptar como un aspecto valioso del self y se considera una prueba de la falta de valor del self. Pensamos que la descripción de dicha intolerancia con respecto al aprecio admirativo introduce un cambio en el entendimiento de la idealización considerada simplemente como una defensa contra la envidia y enriquece el conflicto que se expresa en el inmediatismo de la transferencia-contratransferencia(AU)

Introdução( à edição argentina) de Clínica psicanalítica: a arte da interpretação de Fabio Herrmann / Introduction( to the Argentinean edition) from Fabio Herrmann's book Clínica psicanalítica: a arte da interpretação

Nesta introdução à edição argentina do livro de Fabio Herrmann Clínica psicanalítica: a arte da interpretação o autor trata dos principais temas aí desenvolvidos, apresentando-os como um pensamento psicanalítico original. Em síntese afirma que: 'Para Herrmann, a arte de interpretar consiste em uma correta aplicação do método, este sempre antecedendo as teorias. Em outras palavras, a interpretação psicanalítica busca elucidar a lógica das emoções sem cuidar, em princípio, das teorias da psicanálise nem da história infantil — o que lhe será dado por acréscimo' (AU)

In this introduction to Fabio Herrmann’s Argentinean edition of Clínica psicanalítica: a arte da interpretação, the author deals with the chief issues developed in the book, presenting then as an original psychoanalytical thinking. In a brief summary the author states: 'To Herrmann, the art of interpreting consists in a proper application of the psychoanalytic method that always comes previously to theories. In other words, the psychoanalytic interpretation aims to clarify the emotions logic. The psychoanalytical theories and the patient infant history will come in addition' (AU)

Melanie Klein in Buenos Aires: beginnings and developments.

In the first decades of the 20th century, Freud was known and quoted in Latin America by an elite of enlightened minds. In the 1940s a convergence took place in Buenos Aires of European exiles with local pioneers, and thus the Argentine Psychoanalytical Association was founded in 1942. Since then psychoanalysis has grown steadily and has spread into hospitals and universities, influencing culture at large. The socioeconomic situation of that time permitted this phenomenon to develop, to the astonishment of observers. In this paper the authors study the strong influence of Kleinian thought during the first 30 years of this development. The original works of local thinkers constitute the intellectual capital that sustains the idea of an 'Argentine psychoanalytic school'. During the 1970s, both society and psychoanalysis endured deep and complex changes. Lacan's teachings gained support and Klein's influence began to decline. At present the Buenos Aires Kleinians keep working, while their relationship with Lacanians and other schools is calmer. Respectful discussions became thus possible, oriented to strictly scientific differences.

[Anxiety, nostalgia and melancholy. A few remarks on psychoanalysis and tango]. / Angustia, nostalgia y melancolía. Algunas notas sobre el psicoanálisis y el tango.

Our work is based on the application of psychoanalytic techniques, in order to unveil this cultural phenomenon called tango, related with sexuality and unconscious processes. As a way of introduction, it deals with a brief theory of the birth of tango, the possible terminological source of its name, its main creators and interpreters, as well as the chronological classification into the first wave tangos, Guardia Vieja, and the newer wave tangos, Guardia Nueva. The former ones were awash with festive themes of the centennial years, expressed in behaviors that denote sexuality and love, whereas the latter ones, expose the great bewilderment of the thirties' crisis, due to the imminent downfall of the country, the denunciation of materialism, the crumbling of ideas; which led up to feelings of utter pessimism, loneliness and abandonment. From this point onwards, through the use of techniques provided by psychoanalysis applied to tango lyrics, we are able to unravel the unconscious processes of the drama of its characters; the immigrant, hopeful and at same time nostalgic for the loss of his mother country; the porteno -urban man from Buenos Aires city- who, overwhelmed by immigrants, has to give way to the new compatriots; the inland inhabitant, who was dragged to the city because of the new conditions of rural work; and finally the conventillo, tenement house, as a melting pot that fulfilled the integration of these groups. Like in a painter's palette, which contains various colors and shades, the interpretations about nostalgia, grief and loneliness become apparent, along with the father-son rivalry, the conflict with the absent mother, the relationship between sexes, male chauvinism, infatuation, identity, the fear of death, the rebirth to a new life, the passage from gaucho to guapo, from a shrewd horseman to a daring, bullying braggart.

Angustia, nostalgia y melancolía. Algunas notas sobre el psicoanálisis y el tango / [Anxiety, nostalgia and melancholy. A few remarks on psychoanalysis and tango]

Our work is based on the application of psychoanalytic techniques, in order to unveil this cultural phenomenon called tango, related with sexuality and unconscious processes. As a way of introduction, it deals with a brief theory of the birth of tango, the possible terminological source of its name, its main creators and interpreters, as well as the chronological classification into the first wave tangos, Guardia Vieja, and the newer wave tangos, Guardia Nueva. The former ones were awash with festive themes of the centennial years, expressed in behaviors that denote sexuality and love, whereas the latter ones, expose the great bewilderment of the thirties’ crisis, due to the imminent downfall of the country, the denunciation of materialism, the crumbling of ideas; which led up to feelings of utter pessimism, loneliness and abandonment. From this point onwards, through the use of techniques provided by psychoanalysis applied to tango lyrics, we are able to unravel the unconscious processes of the drama of its characters; the immigrant, hopeful and at same time nostalgic for the loss of his mother country; the porteno -urban man from Buenos Aires city- who, overwhelmed by immigrants, has to give way to the new compatriots; the inland inhabitant, who was dragged to the city because of the new conditions of rural work; and finally the conventillo, tenement house, as a melting pot that fulfilled the integration of these groups. Like in a painter’s palette, which contains various colors and shades, the interpretations about nostalgia, grief and loneliness become apparent, along with the father-son rivalry, the conflict with the absent mother, the relationship between sexes, male chauvinism, infatuation, identity, the fear of death, the rebirth to a new life, the passage from gaucho to guapo, from a shrewd horseman to a daring, bullying braggart.

Angustia, nostalgia y melancolía. Algunas notas sobre el psicoanálisis y el tango. / [Anxiety, nostalgia and melancholy. A few remarks on psychoanalysis and tango]

Our work is based on the application of psychoanalytic techniques, in order to unveil this cultural phenomenon called tango, related with sexuality and unconscious processes. As a way of introduction, it deals with a brief theory of the birth of tango, the possible terminological source of its name, its main creators and interpreters, as well as the chronological classification into the first wave tangos, Guardia Vieja, and the newer wave tangos, Guardia Nueva. The former ones were awash with festive themes of the centennial years, expressed in behaviors that denote sexuality and love, whereas the latter ones, expose the great bewilderment of the thirties crisis, due to the imminent downfall of the country, the denunciation of materialism, the crumbling of ideas; which led up to feelings of utter pessimism, loneliness and abandonment. From this point onwards, through the use of techniques provided by psychoanalysis applied to tango lyrics, we are able to unravel the unconscious processes of the drama of its characters; the immigrant, hopeful and at same time nostalgic for the loss of his mother country; the porteno -urban man from Buenos Aires city- who, overwhelmed by immigrants, has to give way to the new compatriots; the inland inhabitant, who was dragged to the city because of the new conditions of rural work; and finally the conventillo, tenement house, as a melting pot that fulfilled the integration of these groups. Like in a painters palette, which contains various colors and shades, the interpretations about nostalgia, grief and loneliness become apparent, along with the father-son rivalry, the conflict with the absent mother, the relationship between sexes, male chauvinism, infatuation, identity, the fear of death, the rebirth to a new life, the passage from gaucho to guapo, from a shrewd horseman to a daring, bullying braggart.

Erna y Melanie Klein

Erna fue uno de los niños que trató Melanie Klein en Berlín utilizando su recién descubierta técnica del juego. Dado que esta paciente de Klein murió exiliada en Chile, los autores de este trabajo consideraron oportuno presentarlo en el Congreso Internacional de la API en Santiago como homenaje a Erna y, especialmente, a Melanie Klein. Melanie Klein aprendió mucho de esta criatura tan perturbada, aprendizaje que le sería muy útil más tarde para sustentar el desarrollo de sus teorías. El artículo explora algunos datos biográficos de relevancia para entender tanto el caso como el marco teórico y analiza el material clínico para seguir a Klein en el descubrimiento y el manejo de la transferencia de la niña, con sus fuertes manifestaciones de odio, celos y envidia y las tristes consecuencias que resultan en fuertes sentimientos de persecución y culpa. Se compara, también, este caso de Klein con el de El Hombre de los Lobos, de Freud, para mostrar, sobre todo, que las similitudes no son tantas como se suele creer, señalando un giro teórico que guiaría gradualmente la teoría y la técnica de Klein desde la "Nachtraglichkeit" freudiana a la teoría de la "significación-resignificación", semejante al concepto de Strachey de interpretación mutativa. El artículo concluye que la comprensión de los fuertes rasgos psicoticos de Erna le permite a Klein sentar las bases de su teoría de la psicosis y de las posiciones esquizo-paranoide y depresiva (AU)

Salieri's dilemma: a counterpoint between envy and appreciation.

Taking as its starting point Klein's concepts of 1957, this paper stresses certain characteristics of envy that have not yet been taken into account in psychoanalysis. Klein described the conflict between envy and gratitude as inherent in the human being; she suggested an interesting link between envy and admiration, but never developed this idea in her theory. The hypothesis that we put forward in this paper is the existence of a particular intolerance-related to envy-of one's own capacity to recognise the valuable aspects of the object. This situation leads to the paradox that the same faculty that allows the patient to appreciate the good qualities of the object is at the same time the source of unbearable pain. The capacity to recognise the good aspects of the object-whether they are perceived or attributed by projective identification-cannot be accepted as a valuable aspect of the self and is taken as a proof of the self 's unworthiness. We think that the description of this intolerance towards admirative appreciation introduces a change in the understanding of idealization simply as a defence against envy and enriches the conflict expressed in the immediacy of the transference - countertransference.

Erna and Melanie Klein.

Erna was one of the child patients treated by Melanie Klein in Berlin, employing her recently discovered play technique. Since Erna died in Chile, the authors considered the IPA Congress in Santiago an opportunity to present a paper as a homage both to Erna and, especially, to Klein. She learned much from that very disturbed child, which she later used to sustain the ongoing development of her theories. The paper explores biographic data relevant to understanding both the case and the theories. It analyses the case material to follow Klein in the discovery and the handling of the child's transference and the harsh expressions of hate, jealousy and envy, which are brought in, with sad consequences, by strong persecutory feelings. Klein's comparison of this case with that of Freud's Wolf-man is also considered, mostly to show that the similarities were less than originally claimed, and that Klein, perhaps, was introducing a theoretic shift which led her technique to gradually change from 'Nachträglichkeit' to the 'signification-resignification' pair, akin to Strachey's concept of the mutative interpretation. Lastly, the comprehension of Erna's strong psychotic traits and the links with later developments of the theory on psychosis are studied.

Escritos clínicos sobre perversiones y adicciones

Incluye los siguientes escritos clínicos sobre perversiones: Evolución terapéutica de una sintomatología (Arbiser, p.33); Perversión de transferencia, Aspectos teóricos y técnicos (Etchegoyen, p.73); Sobre la necesidad de distorsionar y de engañar en las estructuras perversas (Maldonado, p.115); Exploración de un caso de travestismo (Moguillansky, C., p.149); El hombre que iba al barrio oscuro (Moguillansky, R., p.187); Un chico golpeado, un chico golpeador (Nussbaum, p.225). También incluye los siguientes escritos clínicos sobre adicciones: Bulimia, un modelo adictivo (López, p.269); Esperar sueños o fabricar ilusiones, notas para una teoría sobre la adicción (Costantino, Moguillansky R., Seiguer, p.309); Sobre la patología del alcoholismo y la drogadicción en la experiencia psicoanalítica (Maldonado, p.343)

Escritos clínicos sobre perversiones y adicciones

Incluye los siguientes escritos clínicos sobre perversiones: Evolución terapéutica de una sintomatología (Arbiser, p.33); Perversión de transferencia, Aspectos teóricos y técnicos (Etchegoyen, p.73); Sobre la necesidad de distorsionar y de engañar en las estructuras perversas (Maldonado, p.115); Exploración de un caso de travestismo (Moguillansky, C., p.149); El hombre que iba al barrio oscuro (Moguillansky, R., p.187); Un chico golpeado, un chico golpeador (Nussbaum, p.225). También incluye los siguientes escritos clínicos sobre adicciones: Bulimia, un modelo adictivo (López, p.269); Esperar sueños o fabricar ilusiones, notas para una teoría sobre la adicción (Costantino, Moguillansky R., Seiguer, p.309); Sobre la patología del alcoholismo y la drogadicción en la experiencia psicoanalítica (Maldonado, p.343)

Escritos clínicos sobre perversiones y adicciones

Incluye los siguientes escritos clínicos sobre perversiones: Evolución terapéutica de una sintomatología (Arbiser, p.33); Perversión de transferencia, Aspectos teóricos y técnicos (Etchegoyen, p.73); Sobre la necesidad de distorsionar y de engañar en las estructuras perversas (Maldonado, p.115); Exploración de un caso de travestismo (Moguillansky, C., p.149); El hombre que iba al barrio oscuro (Moguillansky, R., p.187); Un chico golpeado, un chico golpeador (Nussbaum, p.225). También incluye los siguientes escritos clínicos sobre adicciones: Bulimia, un modelo adictivo (López, p.269); Esperar sueños o fabricar ilusiones, notas para una teoría sobre la adicción (Costantino, Moguillansky R., Seiguer, p.309); Sobre la patología del alcoholismo y la drogadicción en la experiencia psicoanalítica (Maldonado, p.343)

Grandes psicoanalistas argentinos

Se presentan breves y claros capítulos, como introducción, consulta o revisión, destinados a incentivar la lectura directa de cada autor. Incluye: Arminda Aberastury (por Lustig de Ferrer, pág.7); Willy Baranger (por Melgar, pág.21); José Bleger (por López de Parada, pág.45); Celes Cárcamo (por Doria Medina Eguía, pág.67); Angel Garma (por Kijak, pág.77); Marie Glas de Langer (por Puget, pág.105); David Liberman (por Arbiser, pág.137); Enrique Pichon RiviÞre (por Resnik, pág.171); Heinrich Racker (por Etchegoyen, pág.185); Arnaldo Rascovsky (I)(por Rascovsky de Salvarezza y A. Rascovsky, pág.217); Arnaldo Rascovsky (II)(por Winograd, pág.247)

Grandes psicoanalistas argentinos

Se presentan breves y claros capítulos, como introducción, consulta o revisión, destinados a incentivar la lectura directa de cada autor. Incluye: Arminda Aberastury (por Lustig de Ferrer, pág.7); Willy Baranger (por Melgar, pág.21); José Bleger (por López de Parada, pág.45); Celes Cárcamo (por Doria Medina Eguía, pág.67); Angel Garma (por Kijak, pág.77); Marie Glas de Langer (por Puget, pág.105); David Liberman (por Arbiser, pág.137); Enrique Pichon RiviÞre (por Resnik, pág.171); Heinrich Racker (por Etchegoyen, pág.185); Arnaldo Rascovsky (I)(por Rascovsky de Salvarezza y A. Rascovsky, pág.217); Arnaldo Rascovsky (II)(por Winograd, pág.247)