The method for selecting basophils might be determinant in the basophil activation test in patients with mastocytosis

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Análisis transcultural del clima motivacional en alumnado de Costa Rica, México y España / Transcultural analysis of motivational climate in students in Costa Rica, Mexico and Spain

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer como la satisfacción, la motivación y las creencias de éxito en las actividades físico-deportivas de tiempo libre del alumnado de educación secundaria, pueden predecir el clima motivacional percibido en Educación Física en tres contextos culturales diferentes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 2168 estudiantes de tres países diferentes, perteneciendo 423 a Costa Rica, 408 a México y un total de 1337 alumnos a España, todos ellos con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 16 años. Para ello se utilizaron las escalas de Clima Motivacional, Satisfacción Intrínseca en el Deporte, Motivación Deportiva e Inventario de Percepción de las Creencias sobre las Causas del Éxito en el Deporte. Los resultados encontrados en esta investigación muestran similares tendencias en los tres países tanto en la predicción de la maestría, como en el rendimiento-aproximación, rendimiento-evitación y en la aprobación social

The aim of this paper is to find out how satisfaction, motivation and belief in success in physical and sports leisure time activities of students in secondary education predict the perceived motivational climate in physical education in three different cultural contexts. The sample consisted of 2168 students from three different countries, belonging to Costa Rica 423, 408 to Mexico and a total of 1337 students to Spain, all aged between 11 and 16 years. The Scales Motivational Climate, Satisfaction Intrinsic in Sport, Sport and Inventory Motivation Perceptions of Beliefs on the Causes of Success in Sport were used. The results found in this research show similar trends in all three countries in terms of mastery prediction as well as performance-approach, performance-avoidance, and social approval

Predicción transcultural del clima motivacional en educación física / Transcultural prediction of motivational climate in physical education

El objetivo fue conocer como las metas sociales, el locus percibido de causalidad y la atribución causal, predicen el clima motivacional percibido en los alumnos de EF en diferentes países y culturas. La muestra fue de 2168 estudiantes de tres países diferentes (423 de Costa Rica, 408 de México y 1052 de España), todos ellos con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 16 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto por la escala de Clima motivacional, la de Metas Sociales en Educación Física, el Locus Percibido de Causalidad y la Atribución Causal. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y una regresión lineal multivariante. La meta de maestría fue mayor en todos los países, siendo predicha por la responsabilidad y la motivación intrínseca. El rendimiento-evitación fue la más baja, siendo predicha por la regulación introyectada y la amotivación. Los españoles destacan como los más autodeterminados, siendo los mexicanos los que mayores atribuciones internas presentan (AU)

The aim of this research was to understand how social goals, perceived locus of causality and causal attribution predict perceived motivational climate in Physical Education students in different countries and cultures. The sample consisted of 2168 students from three different countries, belonging to Costa Rica 423, 408 to Mexico with a total of 1052 students in Spain, all aged between 11 and 16 years. A questionnaire with motivational scale Climate, Social Goals in Physical Education, Perceived Locus of Causality and Causal Attribution were used. Descriptive analyzes, correlational and multivariate linear regression were performed. The goal of mastery was higher in all countries, being predicted by the responsibility and intrinsic motivation. Avoidance-performance was the lowest, predicted by introjected regulation and amotivation. The Spanish students stand out as the most self-determined, with Mexicans who have more internal attributions (AU)

Propiedades Psicométricas del "Sport Motivation Scale" adaptado a la Danza / Propriedades psicométricas da "Escala de Motivação Esportiva" adaptada à dança / Psychometric properties of the "Sport Motivation Scale" adapted to dance

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en castellano del SMS adaptado a la Danza en su versión de 3, 5 y 7 factores. Se utilizó una muestra de 174 alumnos (165 de sexo femenino=94,8%; 9 de sexo masculino=5,2%) con edades comprendidas entre 10-17 años (M=11,37; DT=,862).Todos los alumnos pertenecen a los cinco Conservatorios Profesionales de Danza en Andalucía de las provincias de Granada, Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba y Sevilla. Como instrumento se utilizó la escala Sport Motivation Scale validada al castellano y para Educación Física adaptándola a la Danza, así como algunos datos sociodemográficos. Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de esta escala junto a un análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio en sus tres versiones. Los análisis apoyan que los tres modelos podrían ser utilizados según los datos del análisis factorial exploratorio, aunque sugerimos como mejor opción el modelo de siete factores en el ámbito de la Danza (AU)

The aim of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the SMS Spanish version adapted to Dance (SMS-D) in its three models of 3, 5 and 7 factors. Aged 10 to 17 years (M = 11.37, SD = .862), a sample of 174 students (9 Male = 5.2%; 165 Female = 94.8%) was used All students belong to the five Professional Conservatories of Dance in Andalusia the provinces of Granada, Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba and Sevilla. As the Sport Motivation Scale instrument validated the Spanish Physical Education and adapting it to the Dance, as well as some demographic data scale is used. The psychometric properties of this scale were analyzed with exploratory and confirmatory analysis in its three versions. The analyzes support the three models could be used according to data from exploratory factor analysis, although we suggest as the best option the seven-factor model in the field of dance (AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão castelhana SMS adaptado à dança (SMS-D) em seus três modelos de fatores 3, 5 e 7. Idade entre 10 e 17 anos (M = 11.37; DT = .862), uma amostra de 174 alunos (9 do sexo Masculino = 5.2% 165 Feminino = 94.8%) foi utilizado pertence a estudantes .Todos cinco Conservatórios profissionais de Dança na Andaluzia as províncias de Granada, Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba e Sevilha. Como o instrumento Sport Motivation Scale validou o castelhano Educação Física e adaptando-o à Dança, bem como alguma escala de dados demográficos foi usado. Foram analisadas as propriedades psicométricas desta escala com uma análise exploratória e confirmatória em três versões. As análises apoiar os três modelos poderiam ser utilizados de acordo com dados da análise fatorial exploratória, embora sugerimos como a melhor opção do modelo de sete fator no campo da dança (AU)

The antigenic variability of HCV in viral HLA-Ag binding is related to the activation of the host immune response.

Our previous data show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 patients expressing the HLA-DQB1 * 0301 allele have a combined response probability of 69%, while the remaining 31% do not respond, probably because the HCV immunodominant epitope (IE) against the DQB1 * 0301 allele is mutated. HCV IE (region sequenced in NS3 is a region encoding aa 1253-1272) from 37 patients (21 Sustained Virological Response, SVR; 16 non-SVR) HLA-DQB1 * 0301+, were analysed by pyrosequencing. In vitro cultures were also determined by CD4+ proliferation, using non-mutated IE (wild-type synthetic peptide) and synthetic mutated peptide. The pyrosequencing study revealed 34 different haplotypes. The SVR patients had fewer haplotypes (P = 0.07), mutations/haplotypes (P = 0.01) and polymorphic sites (P = 0.02) than non-SVR. Three polymorphic sites were associated with the non-SVR patients: haplotype 7 (L5P); haplotype 11 (L7P); and haplotype 15, (L15S) (P = 0.02). The in vitro study (n = 7) showed that in 4/7 patients (Group 1) the CD4+ proliferation obtained with wild-type synthetic peptide was higher than that obtained with the negative control and with the synthetic mutated peptide (P = 0.039). However, in the remaining 3/7 patients (Group 2) this pattern was not observed (P = 0.7). Our findings suggest that HLA-DQB1 * 0301+ patients with high antigenic variability in HCV IE (NS31253-1272) have a lower SVR rate, due to reduced CD4+ proliferation as a result of incorrect viral HLA-Ag binding.

Nivel de actividad deportiva en el tiempo libre desde las etapas de cambio y motivación en estudiantes de Costa Rica, México y España / Nível de atividade deportiva no tempo livre a partir das etapas de mudança e motivação em estudantes de Costa Rica, México e Espanha / Level of sport activity in free time from the stages of change and motivation in students from Costa Rica, Mexico and Spain

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar como las etapas de cambio y la motivación pueden predecir el nivel de actividad deportiva en el tiempo libre de alumnado de educación secundaria en educación física. La muestra fue de 2168 estudiantes, seleccionados aleatoriamente, de Costa Rica (423), México (408) y España (1337), siendo 1052 chicos, 1037 chicas y 79 no reflejaron el sexo, con edades de entre 11 y 16 años (M=12.49; DT=.81). Se utilizó un cuestionario con escalas validadas para preguntar al alumnado sobre su actividad físico-deportiva en el tiempo libre, etapas de cambio y para medir la motivación de éstos. Se realizaron análisis de consistencia interna, de correlaciones y factoriales confirmatorios con SPSS 17.0. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos más activos son los de Costa Rica, situándose la mayoría de ellos en la etapa de cambio activa pero con índices de práctica y de motivación intrínseca bajos, seguidos de los españoles, pero con niveles altos de autodeterminación. México es el país más inactivo, con mayores niveles de amotivación, y los escolares que practican lo hacen con índice de práctica bajo y se encuentran en etapas inactivas. Se concluyó que en los tres países las diferencias significativas encontradas en la motivación de los estudiantes indican la necesidad de seguir estrategias motivacionales adecuadas para aumentar la actividad física en el tiempo libre, consiguiendo así mayor número de adolescentes en etapas activas (AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar como as etapas de mudança e a motivação podem preestabelecer o nível de atividade esportiva no tempo livre de alunos de educação secundária em educação física. A mostra foi de 2168 estudantes, selecionados aleatoriamente, de Costa Rica (423), México (408) y Espanha (1337), sendo 1052 meninos, 1037 meninas e 79 não responderam sobre seu gênero, com idade entre 11 e 16 anos (M=12.49; DT=.81). Foi utilizado um questionário com escalas validadas para perguntar aos alunos sobre sua atividade físico-esportiva em momentos de lazer, etapas de mudanças e para medir a motivação dos mesmos. Foram realizadas análises de consistência interna, de correlações e fatoriais confirmatórios com o SPSS 17.0. Os resultados mostram que os alunos mais ativos são os da Costa Rica, onde a grande maioria se encontram na etapa de mudança ativa, mas apresentando índices de prática e de motivação intrínseca baixos, seguidos pelos espanhois, entretanto com altos níveis de autodeterminação. México é o país mais inativo, com maiores índices de não-motivação, e os alunos que são ativos, possuem baixo índice de prática e se encontram em etapas de inatividade. Conclui-se que nos três países as diferenças significativas encontradas na motivação dos estudantes, indicam a necessidade de seguir estratégias motivacionais adequadas para aumentar a atividade física em tempos livres, conseguindo assim, maior número de adolescentes em etapas ativas (AU)

The aim of the present study was to analyze the predictive power of stages of change and motivation on leisure time physical activity levels of students from secondary education engaged in physical education. The sample consisted of 2,168 students randomly selected from Costa Rica (423), Mexico (408) and Spain (1337). Participants were 1,052 boys, 1,037 girls, plus 79 who did not disclose their gender, all of them aged between 11 and 16 years (M=12.49, SD=.81). A questionnaire consisting of previously validated scales was employed to ask students about their leisure time sports and physical activity, stages of change, and motivation. Internal consistency analysis of correlations and confirmatory factorial analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0. Results showed that Costa Rica students are the most active, most of them being located in the active stage of change yet displaying low exercise rates and intrinsic motivation, followed by Spaniards, who presented high levels of self-determination. Mexico was the least active, showing higher levels of amotivation at the same time as schoolchildren have low exercise rates and are placed in inactive stages. The significant differences found in students’ motivation among the three countries indicate the need for choosing appropriate motivational strategies in order to increase leisure time physical activity, which would imply a larger number of adolescents located in active stages (AU)

Influence of HLA class I, HLA class II and KIRs on vertical transmission and chronicity of hepatitis C virus in children.

BACKGROUND & AIM: There is evidence that maternal viral load of HCV during delivery influences the risk for Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), but this does not explain all cases. We study the role of the immunogenetic profile (HLA, KIRs and KIR-ligand binding) of mothers and children in HCV-MTCT and in chronicity in the children. METHODOLOGY: 79 HCV-RNA (+) mothers and their 98 children were included. 24 children were infected, becoming chronic in 8 cases and clearing in 16. HLA-class-I and II and KIRs were determined by Luminex. RESULTS: MTCT study: The presence of HLA-C1-ligand in mothers and/or their children reduces the risk of transmission (mothers: Pc = 0.011, children: P = 0.033), whereas the presence of HLA-C2C2-ligand in mothers increases it (Pc = 0.011). In children KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 is a protector factor (Pc = 0.011). Chronicity in children study: Maternal DQA1*01 allele (Pc = 0.027), KIR2DS1 (Pc = 0.011) or KIR3DS1 (Pc = 0.011) favours chronicity in the child. The presence of the DQB1*03 allele (Pc = 0.027) and KIR2DS3 (P = 0.056) in the child and homozygosity for KIR3DL1/3DL1 (Pc = 0.011) and for the HLA-Bw4/Bw4 ligand (P = 0.027) is associated with viral clearance, whereas the presence of HLA-Bw6 ligand (P = 0.027), the binding of KIR3DS1-HLA-Bw4 (P = 0.037) and heterozygosity for KIR3DL1/3DS1 (Pc = 0.011) favour viral chronicity. Mother/child allele matching: In the joint HLA analysis, matching was greater between mothers and children with chronic infection vs those who had cleared the virus (67%±4.1 vs 57%±1.2, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The HLA-C1 ligand in the mother is related to MTCT, while several genetic factors of the mother or child are involved in the chronification or clearance of infection in the child. Matching allelic data is considered to be an indicator of HCV chronicity in the child and can be used as a potential prognostic test. This implies that NK cells may play a previously undocumented role in protecting against MTCT and that both NK cell immunity and adaptive T-cell responses may influence viral clearance in infected children.

Metas sociales, clima motivacional, disciplina y actitud del alumno según el docente / Social Goals, Motivational climate, discipline and attitudes of the student according to teacher

El objetivo ha sido analizar la relación existente entre el género y la experiencia laboral del profesorado con las metas sociales, el clima motivacional, las estrategias de disciplina y las actitudes hacia la Educación Física. La muestra estaba constituida por 970 chicos y 1032 chicas con edades comprendidas entre los 12-19 años. Se aplicó una batería de test compuesta por el EMSEF (Moreno, González-Cutre, y Sicilia, 2007), el LAPOPECQ (Cervelló, Jiménez, Moya, y Moreno, 2010), la SDSS (Gutiérrez, López, y Ruiz, 2009) y el CAEFP (Gutiérrez y Ruíz, 2009). Se analizaron Modelos Lineales de Regresión Múltiple. En los resultados, solo el tiempo de servicio del docente mantiene significatividad con el clima rendimiento y las razones intrínsecas de disciplina. En cambio, la edad del alumnado es significativa con las metas sociales, y el género con el clima rendimiento, ambas metas, las razones introyectadas y la indiferencia del profesor (AU)

The aim was to analyze the relationship between gender and work experience of teachers with social goals, motivational climate, discipline strategies and attitudes toward physical education. The sample consisted of 970 boys and 1032 girls aged 12-19. A battery of tests consisting of the EMSEF (Moreno, González-Cutre, and Sicilia, 2007), the LAPOPECQ (Cervelló, Jiménez, Moya, and Moreno, 2010), the SDSS (Gutiérrez, López, and Ruiz, 2009) was applied and CAEFP (Gutiérrez and Ruiz, 2009). Linear Regression Models were analyzed. In the results, only the service time faculty holds significance with performance climate and intrinsic reasons of discipline. In contrast, the age of students is significant to social goals, and gender with performance climate, both goals, introjected reasons and indifference of the teacher (AU)

Orientaciones de meta, satisfacción, creencias de éxito y clima motivacional en nadadores / Goal orientations, satisfaction, beliefs in sport success and motivational climate in swimmers

En el presente estudio se plantearon varios objetivos; comprobar las relaciones existentes entre las orientaciones de meta, la satisfacción, las creencias sobre las causas del éxito en el deporte y el clima motivacional percibido en nadadores; examinar el efecto que tiene la orientación de meta en las diferentes dimensiones analizadas; y, por último, predecir la orientación de meta. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 163 nadadores. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las versiones validadas al castellano del TEOSQ, SSI, BACSSQ y PMCSQ-2. Se realizaron tres tipos de análisis estadísticos: análisis de correlaciones bivariadas, análisis multivariante (MANOVA 2x2) y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple multivariado por pasos. Los resultados mostraron que la capacidad y el aburrimiento son variables predictoras de la orientación de meta hacia el ego, mientras que el esfuerzo y la diversión lo son de las orientaciones de meta hacia la tarea (AU)

The present study had several objectives; to check the relationships between goal orientations, satisfaction, beliefs about the causes of success in sport and motivational climate perceived in swimmers; to examine the effect of goal orientation in different dimensions analyzed, and finally to predict goal orientation. The sample consisted of 163 swimmers. The instruments used were validated to Castilian versions of TEOSQ, SSI, BACSSQ and PMCSQ-2. There were three types of statistical analyzes: bivariate correlation analysis, multivariate analysis (MANOVA 2x2) and multiple linear regression analysis stepwise multivariate. The results showed that capacity and boredom are predictors of goal orientation towards the ego, while effort and fun are the goal orientations to the task (AU)

Effects of manual therapy on treatment duration and motor development in infants with severe nonsynostotic plagiocephaly: a randomised controlled pilot study.

PURPOSE: Despite growing evidence regarding nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and their repercussions on motor development, there is little evidence to support the use of manual therapy as an adjuvant option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a therapeutic approach based on manual therapy as an adjuvant option on treatment duration and motor development in infants with severe nonsynostotic plagiocephaly. METHODS: This is a randomised controlled pilot study. The study was conducted at a university hospital. Forty-six infants with severe nonsynostotic plagiocephaly (types 4-5 of the Argenta scale) referred to the Early Care and Monitoring Unit were randomly allocated to a control group receiving standard treatment (repositioning and an orthotic helmet) or to an experimental group treated with manual therapy added to standard treatment. Infants were discharged when the correction of the asymmetry was optimal taken into account the previous clinical characteristics. The outcome measures were treatment duration and motor development assessed with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at baseline and at discharge. RESULTS: Asymmetry after the treatment was minimal (type 0 or 1 according to the Argenta scale) in both groups. A comparative analysis showed that treatment duration was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) in the experimental group (109.84 ± 14.45 days) compared to the control group (148.65 ± 11.53 days). The motor behaviour was normal (scores above the 16th percentile of the AIMS) in all the infants after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Manual therapy added to standard treatment reduces the treatment duration in infants with severe nonsynostotic plagiocephaly.

Utilización de fármacos en niños en cuidados intensivos: estudio de las prescripciones off-label / Drug utilization pattern in children and off-label use of medicines in a pediatric intensive care unit

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los usos off-label (fuera de ficha técnica [FT]) y unlicensed (medicamentos no autorizados específicamente para niños) en cuidados intensivos neonatales y pediátricos. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio transversal en la UCINP (Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y Pediátricos) de un hospital público de tercer nivel de Granada, incluyéndose a todos los niños en los que se indicara al menos un tratamiento farmacológico, mediante reclutamiento consecutivo, y durante un periodo de 5 meses (N = 81). Las variables recogidas fueron sociodemográficas, clínicas, y medicación. Todas las prescripciones fueron clasificadas a partir de la información contenida en FT sobre uso en niños. RESULTADOS: Hubo un total de 601 prescripciones, con una media de 7,4 ± 6 medicamentos por niño. Los fármacos más empleados pertenecían a los grupos J (antiinfecciosos), N (sistema nervioso) y C (cardiovascular). Algo más de la mitad de las prescripciones fueron off-label (52%), fundamentalmente por emplear una dosificación distinta de la recomendada en FT (79%), seguida de diferente indicación (13,5%), edad (5%) y vía de administración (2,5%). El uso de medicamentos no específicamente autorizados en niños solo supuso el 5% de las prescripciones. CONCLUSIONES: El presente estudio aporta datos sobre este tipo de prescripciones en una UCINP española. Pone de manifiesto que el 89% de los niños tiene al menos una prescripción fuera de FT y un 22,3% al menos un uso de fármaco no autorizado para niños. Cifras elevadas, pero justificables dentro del ámbito de unos cuidados intensivos que, además, incluyen neonatos. Pero aunque muchos de los tratamientos estén protocolizados, sería deseable mejorar la evidencia disponible, así como actualizar las FT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prescription profile and license status of drugs used in a neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit (NPICU). METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on a dynamic cohort of children admitted to an NPICU (N = 81) in a tertiary hospital (Granada, Spain). All prescriptions were classified asoff-label or unlicensed based on the summary of product characteristics (SPC). RESULTS: Of a total of 601 prescriptions, the patients received a mean of 7.4 ± 6 drugs each. The most commonly prescribed drugs corresponded to classes J (anti-infectious, systemic use) N (nervous system) and C (cardiovascular). A little over one-half of the prescriptions were off-label (52%), usually due to dosages differing from the SPC recommendations (79%), followed by different indications (13.5%), age (5%) and administration route (2.5%). In this NPICU, unlicensed usage represented only 5% of all prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes data on prescription of this kind in a Spanish NPICU, revealing at least one off-label prescription in 89% of the children and at least one unlicensed use in 22.3%. These are high figures, but are to be expected given the inclusion of newborn infants and the critical care setting. Even though such usage follows clinical protocols, we underscore the dual need to base treatment on the best available evidence, and to upgrade the SPC accordingly

Drug utilization pattern in children and off-label use of medicines in a pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prescription profile and license status of drugs used in a neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit (NPICU). METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on a dynamic cohort of children admitted to an NPICU (N=81) in a tertiary hospital (Granada, Spain). All prescriptions were classified as off-label or unlicensed based on the summary of product characteristics (SPC). RESULTS: Of a total of 601 prescriptions, the patients received a mean of 7.4 ± 6 drugs each. The most commonly prescribed drugs corresponded to classes J (anti-infectious, systemic use) N (nervous system) and C (cardiovascular). A little over one-half of the prescriptions were off-label (52%), usually due to dosages differing from the SPC recommendations (79%), followed by different indications (13.5%), age (5%) and administration route (2.5%). In this NPICU, unlicensed usage represented only 5% of all prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes data on prescription of this kind in a Spanish NPICU, revealing at least one off-label prescription in 89% of the children and at least one unlicensed use in 22.3%. These are high figures, but are to be expected given the inclusion of newborn infants and the critical care setting. Even though such usage follows clinical protocols, we underscore the dual need to base treatment on the best available evidence, and to upgrade the SPC accordingly.

Validación española de la versión corta del Physical Education Classroom Instrument para la medición de conductas disruptivas en alumnado de secundaria / Validação da versão curta espanhola do questionario em Educação Física para medir o comportamento disruptivo em estudantes do ensino médio / Validation of the short-form Spanish version of the Physical Education Classroom Instrument measuring secondary pupils’ disruptive behaviours

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Physical Education Classroom Instrument en una muestra de estudiantes de secundaria. Se pretende determinar si constituye un instrumento válido y fiable para medir las conductas disruptivas en Educación Física, así como para su utilización en futuras investigaciones. Fue administrado a un total de 758 estudiantes de secundaria de 12 a 18 años, analizándose la estructura del instrumento mediante procedimientos confirmatorios. Los análisis apoyan el modelo teórico hipotetizado de cinco factores. La versión española del instrumento se denomina Cuestionario para las Conductas Disruptivas en Educación Física y mostró niveles aceptables de consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. La validez concurrente se exploró examinando la relación con la satisfacción/diversión con la escuela mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. La irresponsabilidad y el bajo autocontrol personal se mostraron como los principales predictores negativos de la satisfacción con la escuela (AU)

The objective of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Physical Education Classroom Instrument adapted in a Spanish sample of secondary pupils. It is intended to determine whether it constitutes a valid and reliable measure disruptive behaviors in Physical Education instrument and to be used in future research. It was administered to a total of 758 high school students from 12-18 years analysing the structure of the instrument by confirmatory procedures. The theoretical analyses support the hypothesized five-factor model. The Spanish version of the instrument is called Disruptive Behaviours Questionnaire for Physical Education and temporal stability showed acceptable levels of internal consistency. Concurrent validity was explored by examining the relationship satisfaction / fun with the school through structural equation models. The irresponsibility and low personal control were shown as the main negative predictors of satisfaction with the school (AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão curta espanhola do questionario em Educação Física em uma amostra de estudantes do ensino médio. Pretendeu-se determinar se constitui um instrumento válido e confiável para medir comportamentos disruptivos em educação física, asim como para a utilização em futruas pesquisas. Foi administrado a um total de 758 estudantes do ensino médio de 12 a 18 anos, analisou-se a estrutura do instrumento por meio de procedimentos confirmatórios. As análises apoiam o modelo teórico hipótetizado de cinco fatores. A versão em espanhol do instrumento leva por nome Questionário para as condutas disruptivas em Educação Física e, mostrou níveis aceitáveis de consistência interna e estabilidade temporal. A validez concorrente foi explorada testandose a relação entre satisfação / diversão com a escola por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais. A Irresponsabilidade e baixo autocontrol persoal foram mostrados como os principais preditores negativos da satisfação com a escola (AU)

Psychometric properties of the "sport satisfaction instrument (SSI)" in female athletes: predictive model of sport commitment.

The objective of this research was to assess the psychometric properties of the Sport Satisfaction Instrument (SSI) in a Spanish sample of female athletes in team sports federations, to decide whether it constitutes a valid and reliable instrument to be used in the context of female competitive sport in future research. The SSI was administered to a total of 615 athletes from 12 to 38 yr. of age. Confirmatory procedures and psychometric analysis supported the hypothesized theoretical model of two factors (Satisfaction/fun and Boredom). For female athletes, the 7-item model showed better goodness-of-fit indexes upon eliminating Item 2 from the Boredom subscale. Concurrent validity was explored through the correlations with the Perception of Success Questionnaire and Sport Commitment, obtaining positive correlations between Satisfaction/fun and Task Orientation and Sport Commitment, whereas Boredom correlated positively but less closely with Ego Orientation. The importance of Satisfaction/fun in the prediction of Sport Commitment, starting from task orientation, is emphasized.

Perfiles motivacionales de apoyo a la autonomía, autodeterminación, satisfacción, importancia de la educación física e intención de práctica física en tiempo libre / Motivational profiles of autonomy support, self-determination, satisfaction, importance of physical education and intention to partake in leisure time physical activity / Perfiles motivacionais de apoio à autonomia, auto-determinação, satisfação, importância da educação física e intenção de prática física no tempo livre

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los perfiles motivaciones del alumnado de educación secundaria en EF y la inclusión del apoyo a la autonomía, satisfacción, importancia y utilidad a la Educación Física e intención de práctica futura de actividad física. La muestra fue de 758 alumnos de 13 a 18 años, que respondieron a un cuestionario compuesto por las escalas de apoyo a la autonomía, motivación, satisfacción, importancia de la Educación Física e intención de práctica física futura. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y de correlación entre las escalas, así como un análisis de clúster para los perfiles y un ANOVA para estudiar las diferencias por sexo y práctica física de los adolescentes. Destaca la existencia de dos clusters, un primer perfil (n=415) denominado "alta motivación" asociado a los varones, a los que practican actividad física más de tres horas/semana, caracterizado por altos valores en motivación, autonomía, satisfacción, importancia e intención de práctica física en tiempo libre; y un segundo perfil, llamado "baja motivación" (n=343), asociado mayormente a mujeres, y a quienes practican actividad física menos de 3 horas/semana, caracterizado por altos niveles de aburrimiento y bajo en el resto de variables. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto que los alumnos con motivación más alta son los que más actividad física practican y los que más posibilidades tienen de adquisición y adherencia de hábitos de práctica deportiva en tiempo de ocio (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the profiles of motivations of students in secondary education and the inclusion of EF autonomy support, satisfaction, importance and usefulness to physical education and future intention t o practice physical activity. The sample consisted of 758 students from 13 to 18, who answered a questionnaire consisting of scales of autonomy support, motivation, satisfaction, importance of physical education and intention of future physical practice. Descriptive and correlation analysis between scales and cluster analysis for profiling and ANOVA was performed to examine differences by sex and physical activities of adolescents. Highlights the existence of two clusters, a first profile (n=415) referred to as "high motivation" associated with men, who practice physical activity over three hours/week, characterized by high values in motivation, autonomy, satisfaction, importance and intention to practice physical time, and a second profile called "low motivation" (n=343), mostly associated with women, and those who practice physical activity less than 3 hours / week, characterized by high levels of boredom and low on the other variables. This study shows that students with higher motivation are the most physical activity practice and those most likely to purchase habits and adherence in sport leisure time

O objectivo deste trabalho foi analisar os perfis motivacionais dos alunos de educação secundária em Educação Física (EF) e a inclusão do apoio à autonomia, satisfação, importância e utilidade da EF e a intenção de prática futura de actividade física. A amostra foi composta por 759 alunos com idades entre os 13 e os 18 anos, que responderam a um questionário composto pelas escalas de apoio à autonomia, motivação, satisfação, importância a EF e intenção de prática física futura. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva e de correlação entre as escalas, assim como uma análise de clusters para os perfis e uma ANOVA para estudar as diferenças por sexo e prática física dos adolescentes. Destaca-se a existência de dois clusters, um primeiro perfil (n=415) denominado "alta motivação" associado aos homens e aos que praticam actividade física mais de três hora/semana, caracterizado por elevados valores de motivação, autonomia, satisfação, importância e intenção de prática física no tempo livre; e um segundo perfil, denominado de "baixa motivação" (n=343), associado maioritariamente às mulheres, e àqueles que praticam actividade física menos de 3 horas/semana, caracterizado por elevados níveis de aborrecimento e baixos níveis relativamente às restantes variáveis. Este trabalho enfatiza que os alunos com motivação mais elevada são os que praticam mais actividade física e os que mais possibilidades têm de aquisição e adesão a hábitos de prática desportiva no tempo de ócio

Modelo predictivo de la importancia y utilidad de la Educación Física / Predictive model of the importance and usefulness of Physical Education / Modelo preditivo da importância e utilidade da Educação Física

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer como el apoyo a la autonomía percibida, motivación y satisfacción hacia la Educación Física, predicen la importancia y utilidad de dicha asignatura. La muestra fue de 758estudiantes (347 chicos y 411 chicas) de secundaria de la Región de Murcia, de entre 13 y 18 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto el Cuestionario de Clima de Aprendizaje, Escala de Motivación Deportiva, Escala de Satisfacción hacia la Educación Física y Escala de Importancia y Utilidad de la Educación Física. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican una gran motivación y satisfacción hacia la asignatura, siendo siempre mayor en los chicos los resultados de todas las variables analizadas. El estudio demuestra la influencia del apoyo a la autonomía en la importancia de la Educación Física a través de la motivación intrínseca y la satisfacción del alumnado (AU)

The aim of this study was to understand how the perceived autonomy support, motivation and satisfaction towards Physical Education (PE), can predict the importance and usefulness of this subject. The sample consisted of 758 students (347 boys and 411 girls) of high school in the Region of Murcia, between 13 and 18 years old. The questionnaire was composed of Learning Climate Questionnaire, Sport Motivation Scale, Satisfaction Scale and Scale of Importance toward EF and EF Utility. It was performed descriptive and correlational analyzes and structural equations. The results indicate a strong motivation and satisfaction towards the subject, being always greater in boys the results of all the variables analyzed. The study demonstrates the influence of autonomy support in the importance of EF through intrinsic motivation and students satisfaction (AU)

O objectivo deste trabalho foi conhecer como o apoio à autonomia percebida, motivação e satisfação face à Educação Física, predizem a importância e utilidade dessa disciplina. A amostra foi constituída por 758 estudantes (347 rapazes e 411 raparigas) do ensino secundário da Região de Múrcia, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos. Foi utilizado um questionário composto, o Questionário de Clima de Aprendizagem, Escala de Motivação Desportiva, Escala de Satisfação face à Educação Física e Escala de Importância e Utilidade da Educação Física. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, correlações e equações estruturais. Os resultados indicam uma elevada motivação e satisfação face à disciplina, sendo sempre mais elevada nos rapazes em todas as variáveis analisadas. O estudo demonstra a influência do apoio à autonomia na importância da Educação Física através da motivação intrínseca e da satisfação dos alunos

Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as vehicles for the delivery of the antitumor drug gemcitabine to tumor cells. Physicochemical in vitro evaluation.

Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug used in different carcinomas, although because it displays a short biological half-life, its plasmatic levels can quickly drop below the effective threshold. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can provide an alternative approach for regulating the bioavailability of this and most other anticancer drugs. In this work we describe a new model of composite nanoparticles consisting of a core of magnetite nanoparticles, coated with successive layers of high molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) and chitosan, and a final layer of folic acid. The possibility of using these self-assembled nanostructures for gemcitabine vehiculization is explored. First, the surface charge of the composite particles is studied by means of electrophoretic mobility measurements as a function of pH for poly(acrylic acid) (carbopol) of different molecular weights. The adsorption of folic acid, aimed at increasing the chances of the particles to pass the cell membrane, is followed up by optical absorbance measurements, which were also employed for drug adsorption determinations. As a main result, it is shown that gemcitabine adsorbs onto the surface of chitosan/carbopol-coated magnetite nanoparticles. In vitro experiments show that the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are able to deliver the drug to the nuclei of liver, colon and breast tumor cells.

Nanoengineering of doxorubicin delivery systems with functionalized maghemite nanoparticles.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are developing as promising candidates for biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery. In particular, they represent an alternative to existing antitumor drug carriers, because of their ultra-fine size, low toxicity and magnetic characteristics. Nevertheless, there is a need to functionalize them in order to achieve good biocompatibility, efficient modification for further attachment of biomolecules, and improved stability. In this work we describe the functionalization of superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles encapsulated in a silica shell. After their chemical modification with positive (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, a gold layer was deposited in order to facilitate incorporation of the antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX), up to a maximum loading of 80 µmol/g. In vitro cell uptake of nanocomposites was performed with DLD-1 colon cancer cells and PLC-PRF-5 liver cancer cells. Confocal microscopy photos illustrate that doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles accumulate in both the cytoplasm and the cell nuclei. Cell survival efficiency with maghemite nanocomposites was determined via the MTT assay, and the cytotoxicity study proved that they exhibited significant toxicity against both types of cancer cells, although the improvement over free DOX treatment is more evident in the case of DLD-1 cancer cells when the most dilute drug and particle solutions are compared.

Clinical profile and evolution of infants with deformational plagiocephaly included in a conservative treatment program.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of a conservative intervention in infants with plagiocephaly according to their specific clinical profile. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial in which 104 infants with plagiocephaly accompanied or not by congenital or positional torticollis were referred to Early Care and Monitoring Unit (USAT) of San Cecilio Hospital in Granada, between 2009 and 2012. All the infants, grouped into three categories of severity, were included in the physiotherapy protocol until adequate craniofacial morphology and motor development were achieved. The study included an assessment of parents and infants. Parents were assessed with a questionnaire about the mother's medical history and birth-related issues. The assessment of infants included anthropometric measures, a positional assessment, the observation of the head, the assessment of severity, and motor development. RESULTS: Birth characteristics were similar in the total sample but showed different clinical profiles according to treatment aspects. More specifically, infants with severe plagiocephaly were referred to treatment later and spent more time in treatment; use of an orthotic helmet was also more prevalent in this category. There were also significant differences (P < 0.05) in the acquisition of specific gross motor skills depending on the severity of plagiocephaly. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the physiotherapy protocol presented is effective to correct plagiocephaly. Severity of plagiocephaly is a marker that should be taken into account when designing actions aimed at improving gross motor skill development.