[Spontaneous remission of cutaneous myeloid sarcoma]. / Régression spontanée d'un sarcome myéloïde cutané.

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary tumour of immature myeloid cells. It is most often associated with acute myeloid leukaemia, and more rarely with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Herein we report a case of cutaneous myeloid sarcoma associated with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease in an 84-year-old man with a diffuse purple papular and nodular rash. The disease course was marked by a spontaneous and total regression for two months. Given the patient's age and general condition, chemotherapy could not be given. DISCUSSION: Cutaneous myeloid sarcoma is rare. It is often associated with acute myeloid leukaemia, and more rarely with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease, but it can occur in isolation. Diagnosis is particularly difficult and is based a consistent body of clinical and histological evidence. Spontaneous regression is very rare and involves immunological mechanisms that are still incompletely understood. Recurrence occurs within a variable time frame and is often associated with transformation to acute myeloid leukaemia if this was not already present at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Herein we report an extremely rare case of spontaneous regression of cutaneous myeloid sarcoma associated with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease.

[Acitretin-induced capillary leak syndrome: Case report and literature review]. / Syndrome de fuite capillaire observé sous acitrétine : un cas et revue de la littérature.

BACKGROUND: Retinoids are widely used in dermatology. Adverse effects are frequent and require clinical and laboratory monitoring. Herein we report the case of a patient with secondary capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) associated with acitretin. We then present a review of the literature on systemic retinoids and SFCS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 57-year-old patient consulted following the onset of severe type I pityriasis rubra pilaris. Treatment was initiated comprising topical corticosteroids combined with acitretin at a dose of 0.5mg/kg/day. On the eighth day, voluminous edema appeared, accompanied by weight gain of 8kg in 48h and hypotension. The laboratory assessment showed hypoalbuminemia and hemoconcentration. Acitretin-induced SCLS was diagnosed based on the triple signs of hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia and hypotension, as well as rapid improvement following discontinuation of acitretin. DISCUSSION: We collected 7 published clinical cases between 1981 and 2018, including our own case report. Retinoids were indicated only in severe cutaneous diseases. The mean time to onset of SLCS is 9.8 days, with a return to normal 17 days after discontinuation of retinoids. Capillary leak syndrome is a rare and under-diagnosed clinical-laboratory syndrome that must be recognized in order to avoid potentially fatal inappropriate management. It is a rare adverse effect of retinoids used in dermatology and the pathophysiology remains unclear.