RESUMO
Introducción: los extractos de M. linifera presentaron alta toxicidad para Artemia salina, lo cual sugiere un alto potencial biológico para actividad antitumoral, antibacteriana, antifúngica y actividad contra el Trypanosoma cruzi. Objetivo: evaluar el potencial antimalárico del extracto hexánico obtenido de hojas de Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott y conocer su perfil fitoquímico. Métodos: la prospección fitoquímica se realizó por el método de precipitación y la actividad antiplasmódica fue evaluada in vitro utilizando el clon W2 de Plasmodium falciparum. Resultados: la prospección fitoquímica sugirió solamente la presencia de esteroides. En relación con la actividad antiplasmódica, después de 24 h en la concentración de 100 µg/mL la inhibición del crecimiento parasitario fue de 50,5 por ciento y en las demás no fue observada una inhibición significativa. En 48 h, en la concentración de 100 µg/mL, la inhibición del crecimiento fue de 34,7 por ciento. Después de 72 h las concentraciones de 100 y 50 µg/mL presentaron hemólisis, que imposibilitó la determinación porcentual parasitada. Conclusiones: el extracto hexánico obtenido de las hojas de M. linifera tiene un bajo potencial antimalárico y mostró positivamente esteroides.
Introduction: Montrichardia linifera extracts showed high toxicity to Artemia salina, which indicated high biological potential for antitumoral, antibacterial, antifungal activities, and action against Trypanossoma cruzi. Objective: to evaluate the antimalarial potential of the hexane extract from the Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott leaves and to discover its phytochemical profile. Methods: the phytochemical prospection was conducted by the precipitation method whereas the antiplasmodial activity was evaluated in vitro using the W2 Plasmodium falciparum clone. Results: the phytochemical prospection just suggested the presence of steroids. Regarding the antiplasmodial activity after 24 hours at 100 µg/mL concentration, the parasite growth inhibition was 50.5 percent but at other concentration ranges, significant inhibition was not observed. At 48 hours, the growth inhibition at 100 µg/mL concentrations was 34.7 percent. After 72 hours, hemolysis was observed at 100 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL concentrations, so the percentage determination of the parasites was not possible. Conclusions: the hexane extract obtained from the M. linifera leaves presented with low antimalarial potential and proved to be positive for steroids.
RESUMO
Montrichardia linifera is an aquatic plant widely use in Amazon folkmedicine. However, very little is known about the chemical composition and biological activity. In search of biologically active (s) substance (s) phytochemical bioassay-guided study was conducted evaluating hexane extract and ethanol extract obtained from stems of this species. Since only the ethanol extract presented toxicity against Artemia salina and activity against Plasmodium falciparum, this extract was selected for chromatographic fractionation. The biological activities were concentred in dichloromethane fraction which showed high toxicity against A. saline (LD50 g mL-1) and high antiplasmodial activity (IC50 10 g mL-1), showing promising antimalarial activity. Of this fraction, the aromatic compound p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was isolated for the first time in this plant.
Montrichardia linifera é uma planta aquática de amplo uso na medicina tradicional amazônica. Entretanto, muito pouco se conhece sobre a sua composição química, e sua atividade biológica ainda não foi comprovada. Na busca de substância(s) biologicamente ativa(s), este trabalho realizou um estudo fitoquímico biomonitorado no qual foram testados os extratos hexânico e etanólico obtidos do caule desta espécie, dos quais apenas o extrato etanólico foi selecionado para o fracionamento cromatográfico por ter apresentado toxicidade contra a Artemia salina e atividade contra o Plasmodium falciparum, parasita causador da malária. As atividades biológicas concentraram-se na fração diclorometânica que apresentou alta toxicidade contra A. salina (DL50 31g mL-1) e alta atividade antiplasmódica (IC50 10 g mL-1), mostrando promissora atividade antimalárica. Desta fração, o composto aromático p-hidroxibenzaldeído foi isolado pela primeira vez nesta planta.