Does Faeces Excreted by Moxidectin-Treated Sheep Impact Coprophagous Insects and the Activity of Soil Microbiota in Subtropical Pastures?

Moxidectin (MOX) is used to control helminth parasites in ruminant livestock. It is released through feces and remains in the environment for a long period. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of faeces excreted by moxidectin-treated sheep on soil biodiversity (coprophagous insects, soil microbial biomass, and activity) to establish environment-related guidelines regarding the use of MOX in sheep livestock. The study consisted of two experiments. In the first one, faeces from MOX-treated (subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg·kg-1 body weight) and nontreated rams were placed on an animal-free pasture field, protected or not against rain, for 88 days. Then, coprophagous insects were captured, identified, and counted, and faeces degradation was evaluated by measuring dry weight and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents over time. Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, and Coleoptera were equally encountered in faeces from MOX-treated and nontreated animals. Faecal boluses of MOX-treated animals (with higher N content) not protected against rain degraded faster than faecal boluses of nontreated animals (with lower N content). In the second experiment, faeces from nontreated animals were amended with increasing amounts of MOX (75 to 3,000 ng·kg-1 faeces), mixed with soil samples from animal-free pasture (1.9 to 75 ng·kg-1 soil), and incubated in a greenhouse for 28 days. Increasing concentrations of MOX did not prevent the growth of cultivable bacteria, actinobacteria, or fungi in culture media. However, even the lower MOX concentration (1.9 ng·kg-1 soil) abruptly decreased soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, and N mineralization. Thus, the results indicate that faeces excreted from sheep treated with MOX under the experimental conditions of this study are not harmful to the coprophagous insects. However, adding MOX to faeces from drug-free sheep had a negative impact on soil microbial activity and biomass.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia by Weeksella virosa: case report.

BACKGROUND: Weeksella virosa pneumonia is an infection that has been described as a healthcare-associated infection. This is a rare gram-negative anaerobic bacterium associated with the use of mechanical ventilation for a long period of time and is more frequent in immunosuppressed patients. This is the first case reported in the state of Veracruz and the second in Mexico. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 64-year-old female from Veracruz, Mexico who developed an infectious process in the right pelvic limb after a transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure and subsequently developed sudden cardiorespiratory arrest requiring mechanical ventilation, with subsequent imaging studies demonstrating a pneumonic process associated with a nosocomial infection. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: We should take into consideration that this pathogen affects not only adults with multiple comorbidities but also children with renal, hepatic, or oncological pathologies, as well as immunocompromised patients, who should be considered high-risk populations for W. virosa infection.

Asexually propagated Agave tequilana var. azul exhibits variation in genetic markers and defence responses to Fusarium solani.

Agave (Agave tequilana var. azul) is considered a crop with low genetic diversity because it has been propagated vegetatively for centuries for commercial purposes, and consequently, it could be equally susceptible to pests and diseases. However, the present study employs plant material derived from field-grown plants exhibiting phenotypic variability in susceptibility to agave wilt. The offshoots from rhizomes of these plants were reproduced in vitro and classified as potentially resistant or susceptible. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis confirmed wide genetic differences among individuals, but these differences were not correlated with the observed phenotypic variability in resistance. Propagated plantlets were inoculated with Fusarium solani in two time-lapse confrontations for 72 h and 30 days. The early biochemical response showed statistically superior levels in the accumulation of shikimic acid, phenolic compounds, and chitinase activity in potentially resistant plantlets. There was an inverse correlation of these early biochemical responses and salicylic acid and the incidence of diseased root cells in isogenic plantlets in the 30-day confrontation with F. solani, suggesting that these activities and accumulation of molecules were primordial in the defence against this pathogen.

White tea modulates antioxidant defense of endurance-trained rats.

The interest in nutritional strategies that may counteract the deleterious oxidative effects induced by strenuous exercises is remarkable. Herein, the impact of white tea (Camellia sinensis) (WT), a polyphenol-rich beverage, on antioxidant status in endurance-trained rats after one session of exhaustive exercise were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were divided into groups, which received: control groups - water, and testing groups - WT1 (0.25%; w/v) or WT2 (0.5%; w/v). Drinks were consumed, ad libitum, for 5 or 10 weeks, concomitantly with the running training. Exhaustive running tests were applied before and after the experimental periods. WT intake increased the serum antioxidant capacity of rats in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001), which was unaccompanied by the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPx, and GR, and GSH content. Inflammatory markers in serum [IL-1ß (P = 0.004) and IL-6 (P = 0.001)] could be downregulated by tea intake. In liver tissue, lower levels of lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) and improved antioxidant defenses (SOD, GPx, GR, and GSH, P < 0.05) were related to the consumption of WT in both doses, supporting protective effects in this responsible metabolic organ. In conclusion, long-term consumption of WT could be a promising adjuvant to exercise-stress management, emphasizing its ability to regulate antioxidant responses and prevent oxidative tissue damage.

[Reinsertion to the work in workers with partially permanent disability for hand injury]. / Reinserción laboral en trabajadores con incapacidad permanente parcial por lesiones de mano.

Background: Hand injuries resulting from accidents at work are one of the main causes of disability in workers. Every worker ruled with Partial Permanent Disability must legally be reinstated to the same workplace. Objective: To know the prevalence of reintegration and causes of non-reintegration into workers with Partial Permanent Disability due to hand injuries. Material and methods: A descriptive, observational, and retrospective study, which included 100% of the opinions of Parcial Permanent Disability due to hand injuries, generated from 2012 to 2016 at UMF 61 of Veracruz. Results: 143 cases were analyzed, 127 (88.8%) were men and 16 (11.2%) women, with a mean age of 37.3 ± 11.6 years. Labor reintegration in the same company occurred in 60 (42%) of the cases, 50 (35%) were reinstated in another company and 33 (23.1%) were not reinstated to work. Regarding work termination: 51 (35.7%) workers were laid off after their ruling, 13 (9.1%) resigned, 12 (8.4%) terminated their contract, and 7 (4.9%) were retired. Currently 72 (50.3%) workers continue to perform physical work and 18 (12.6%) did not return to work. Conclusions: Labor reintegration occurred in less than half of the cases ruled. The main cause of the non-reintegration was the unjustified dismissal by the company where the accident occurred. Not reintegrating into the same workplace has: legal, economic, medical and social implications to the worker.

Introducción: las lesiones de mano derivadas de accidentes de trabajo constituyen una de las principales causas de discapacidad en los trabajadores. Todo trabajador dictaminado con Incapacidad Permanente Parcial (IPP), jurídicamente debe ser reinsertado a su mismo centro de trabajo. Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de reinserción y causas de no reinserción laboral en trabajadores con IPP por lesiones de mano. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo, que incluyó el 100% de los dictámenes de IPP por lesiones de mano, generados del 2012 al 2016 en la UMF 61 de Veracruz. Resultados: se analizaron 143 casos, 127 (88.8%) fueron hombres y 16 (11.2%) mujeres, con edad media 37.3 ± 11.6 años. La reinserción laboral en la misma empresa se presentó en 60 (42%) de los casos, 50 (35%) se reinsertaron en otra empresa y 33 (23.1%) no se reinsertaron al trabajo. Respecto de la terminación laboral: 51 (35.7%) trabajadores fueron despedidos posterior a su dictaminación, 13 (9.1%) renunciaron, 12 (8.4%) finalizaron su contrato, y 7 (4.9%) fueron jubilados. Actualmente 72 (50.3%) trabajadores continúa realizando un trabajo físico y 18 (12.6%) no volvió a trabajar. Conclusiones: la reinserción laboral se presentó en menos de la mitad de los casos. La principal causa de no reinserción fue el despido injustificado por la empresa donde ocurrió el accidente. No reintegrarse al mismo centro de trabajo conlleva implicaciones: legales, económicas, médicas y sociales al trabajador.

Exploring miniaturized sample preparation approaches combined with LC-QToF-MS for the analysis of sulfonamide antibiotic residues in meat- and/or egg-based baby foods.

Miniaturized and simplified sample preparation methods with reduced consumption of chemicals and non-halogenated solvents are presented for the determination of 12 sulfonamides in baby foods. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for the identification and quantification of the compounds based on the acquisition of full spectrum at high resolution with accurate mass for precursor and its fragment ions. Three miniaturized protocols based on QuEChERS, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction or low-temperature cleanup were evaluated regarding the extraction efficiency and removal capability of matrix co-extractives. All approaches achieved satisfactory recoveries (70.0-120.0%); however, the miniaturized QuEChERS distinguished by lower co-extractives content in the final extract providing lower matrix effects. Thus, the performance characteristics of the miniaturized QuEChERS were established using different matrices: beef-, egg yolk- and vegetable-based baby food or chicken- and vegetable-based baby food, in compliance with the Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines. The target compounds were investigated in 30 commercial baby foods.

Depletion study and estimation of the withdrawal period for albendazole in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) parasitised by acanthocephalan (Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae) treated with albendazole-containing feed.

This study provides the first data related to albendazole (ABZ) and its main metabolites [albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO), albendazole sulphone (ABZSO2), and albendazole-2-amino sulphone (ABZ-2-NH2-SO2)] residue depletion in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) parasitised by acanthocephalan (Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae). The ABZ withdrawal period was also calculated. The fish received a daily dose of 10 mg ABZ kg-1 body weight (b.w.) via medicated feed for 34 days. Samples of target tissue (muscle plus skin in natural proportions) were collected 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, 240, and 336 h after the end of ABZ administration. The quantitation of ABZ residues and its metabolites in the target tissue was performed using a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analytical method. After treatment, ABZ in the target tissue was rapidly metabolised over time, and ABZSO was the most persistent metabolite and was shown to be at the highest levels in the target tissue. Considering the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by Codex Alimentarius in the muscle (100 µg kg-1, species not specified), a withdrawal period of 4 days (112 °C-day) was estimated for the total residue (sum of ABZ and its metabolite residues). Considering data reported in the literature and data obtained in this study, it is suggested that the total residue be considered as marker residue to be adopted for fish in the legislative framework.

Principal Metabolites in Extracts of Different Plants Responsible for Antibacterial Effects.

The increase in bacterial resistance and decreased effectiveness of antibacterial agents has forced researchers to look for new antibacterial agents from environmentally friendly sources such as essential oils and oil extracts. The functional group of the metabolites present in the essential oils or plant extract and the synergy effects between them play an important role in the biological activity and can be the principal factor affecting the antibacterial effect. All of these bioactive oils showed the same action mechanism, and the best way to implement them is by extracting them without changing their original properties, whereby the characterization and evaluation of the compounds are important steps. All of these themes are extensively reviewed, analyzed, and discussed in this work.

Effect of food processing (fish burger preparation and frying) on residual levels of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

The influence of fish burger preparation and frying on residual levels of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was evaluated. For this purpose, a high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical method for the quantitation of ENR and CIP residues in tilapia products (fillet, raw fish burger and fried fish burger) was developed and validated based on European and Brazilian guidelines. Sample preparation was accomplished by extraction with acidified acetonitrile followed by clean-up with hexane. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a C18 column using isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (85:15 v:v). The analytical method showed suitable performance to quantify the residual levels of ENR and CIP in the studied matrices. No reduction in the residual levels of ENR and CIP was observed during fish burger preparation and only a 10% reduction occurred as a consequence of frying, indicating that both compounds were stable to the preparation of the fish burger and to frying conditions.

Occurrence of antimicrobial residues in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets produced in Brazil and available at the retail market.

This study was carried out to assess the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in samples of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets collected at the State of São Paulo retail market and produced from fish farmed in Brazil. For this purpose, a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated and used to quantify residues of 25 antibacterial drugs (2 ß-lactams, 8 quinolones, 2 macrolides, 5 sulfonamides, 4 tetracyclines, 3 amphenicols and 1 sulfonamide potentiator). For the sample preparation step the QuEChERS approach was performed. Chromatographic separation was conducted using a Zorbax SB C18 column. Method validation was performed based on European and Brazilian guidelines. The validation parameters (linearity, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, decision limit, detection capability and robustness) attended the adopted validation guidelines. Limits of detection and quantitation were also determined. Antimicrobial drug residues were quantitated in the incurred samples by using matrix-matched analytical curves. Oxytetracycline, florfenicol and, for the first time, enrofloxacin residues are reported in tilapia fillet samples from Brazil, though, in accordance with the European and Brazilian regulatory framework. Thus, our results draw attention to the use of veterinary products in fish farming in Brazil. Monitoring of veterinary drug residues is essential to ensure the safety of fish products available to the consumer, as well as to keep fish as a food commodity.

Avaliação de risco ecológico do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum em organismos não alvo / Ecological risk assessment of Piper aduncum essential oil in non-target organisms

Uma possível alternativa ao uso de fármacos veterinários no tratamento e prevenção de doenças na piscicultura é o uso do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum. No entanto, são necessários dados ecotoxicológicos para garantir seu uso apropriado sem causar efeitos adversos a organismos não alvo. Esta informação é relevante, pois esse óleo essencial é descrito como tendo atividades inseticidas, moluscicidas e citotóxicas, possivelmente associadas à sua composição química. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ecotoxicidade do óleo essencial de P. aduncum para cinco organismos-teste, usando o método estatístico da Distribuição da Sensibilidade das Espécies (SSD). A composição química do óleo essencial foi caracterizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa (GC-MS) e cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama (GC-FID), para fins de identificação e quantificação, respectivamente. O principal componente (75,5%) do óleo essencial foi o dilapiol. A concentração perigosa para 5% de espécies biológicas (HC5) foi calculada com um nível de proteção de 95%, resultando em um valor de 0,47 mg L-1 (com intervalo de confiança de 50% = 0,028 - 1,19 mg L-1). A faixa de concentração relacionada aos níveis de proteção para comunidades aquáticas (concentração sem efeito previsto - PNEC) foi calculada através da aplicação de fatores de segurança ao valor de HC5. Os parâmetros de ecotoxicidade indicaram que o óleo essencial de P. aduncum pode ser usado com segurança em corpos d'água se a concentração for igual ou inferior a 0,09 mg L-1.(AU)

Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues in Brazilian honey.

Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used herbicide in the world and studies have shown that its exposure at sublethal doses has led to reduced sensitivity and decreased associative memory in bees. Thus, a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector with derivatisation reaction was used to determine residues of GLY and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in Brazilian honey. The method met the validation criteria of the European Union (EU) SANTE 11813/2017 guideline and showed a limit of quantitation of 0.04 µg g-1 for both GLY and AMPA. Residues of these compounds were quantitated in honey samples from five Brazilian States. Six samples showed GLY levels above the EU maximum residue limit (0.05 µg g-1) and one sample showed AMPA at 0.10 µg g-1. This study indicates the presence of GLY residues in honey from regions that have had high losses of bee colonies and at the same time, frequent use of GLY in agriculture.

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a potential combination for the determination of sulfonamide residues in complex infant formula matrices.

An accurate, sensitive and selective analytical method is proposed for sulfonamide residues analysis in infant formulas based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in full scan mode. The sample preparation approach involves low-temperature lipid precipitation followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction with PSA and C18 sorbents, which was successfully optimized using Plackett-Burman design. In order to achieve high analytical sensitivity, the influence of HILIC conditions on sulfonamide ionization was investigated, such as the mobile phase composition, buffer concentration, and sample diluent for injection. The method performance characteristics, including linearity (range 5-120 µg kg-1), reliable limits of quantification (between 5 and 20 µg kg-1), recovery (72.9-109.2%) and precision (coefficient of variation values ≤ 19.8%) under repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility conditions, were in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 71-2009 for quantitative analytical methods for veterinary drug residues in foods. Moreover, adequate identification of the compounds was provided with accurate mass measurement of both precursor and fragment ions in one single run. Finally, the developed method was applied to thirty-five powdered milk-based infant formula samples available in the Brazilian market.

Clinical efficacy of adjuvant therapy with hyperbaric oxygen in diabetic nephropathy.

Background and objective: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common microvascular chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy will increase the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and may improve cell repair processes, which can lead to better renal function. The objective of this study was to quantify the efficacy of adjuvant HBO2 to increase the glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion in diabetic patients, as well as determine its effectiveness to modify the clinical course of DKD. Materials and methods: An experimental study was performed on patients with stage 3 and 4 DKD. Twenty sessions of HBO2 or ambient air in a hyperbaric chamber were administered. Estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin:creatinine ratio calculation and clinical stage stratification were made prior to and after HBO2 administration. A descriptive, inferential and clinical efficacy analysis was performed. Results: Urinary albumin/creatinine (UACR) mean values prior to HBO2 were 1452.9 ± 644.3 mg/g and decreased to 876.1 ± 504.0 mg/g at the end of the study (p=0.06). The patients in the control group showed a UACR mean of 2784.5 ± 2128.6 mg/g and 2861.4 ± 2424.2 mg/g at baseline and at the end of the study, respectively (p=0.82). Patients in the experimental/HBO2 group showed an estimated GFR of 27.3 ± 9.5 mL/min /1.73m2 before HBO2, with a 34.4 ± 6.9 mL/min/1.73m2 after treatment (p=0.017); control group eGFR was 30.1 ± 9.2 mL/min/1.73m2, decreasing to 22.2 ± 6.8 mL/min/1.73m2 (p=0.004). Relative risk 0.00, relative risk reduction -100%, absolute risk reduction -71.4%, 95% CI (-104.9% to -38.0%), NNT 1, 95% CI (1 to 3). Conclusions: Management with HBO2 for DKD was associated with decreased excretion urinary albumin, improved GFR and clinical stage of patients in stages 3 and 4 of kidney damage unlike those receiving ambient air..

Insects associated with the genus Agave spp. (Asparagaceae) in Mexico.

We present a synthesis of the insects reported associated with plants of the genus Agave L. (Asparagaceae) in Mexico, through a detailed review of published records. This work includes two checklists: the first include the species of insects collected in Agave, name of their hosts, their geographical distribution, notes on their biology and, references. Natural enemies of the insects associated with agaves are included in the second checklist with their geographical distribution, insect species host and, references. We found 273 species of insects collected in different Agave species. These species belong to 63 families and 7 orders. The orders of insects with the highest number of species are Coleoptera with 118 species and, Hemiptera with 65. The natural enemies of insects collected in agaves were 98 species from 18 families and 6 orders. The genera Aphytis and Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) grouped the largest number of natural enemies of insects that were recorded in Agave with 15 and 10 species, respectively. Insects were collected from 42 species of Agave, of which 25 are endemic to Mexico. This study provides biological information on Mexican insects captured in Agave and, their natural enemies. The need for the conservation of these plants and associated insects is highlighted.

A simple and high-throughput method for multiresidue and multiclass quantitation of antimicrobials in pangasius (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) fillet by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

The development and validation of a throughput method for the determination of 25 antibacterial drugs (two ß-lactams, eight quinolones, two macrolides, five sulfonamides, trimethoprim, four tetracyclines and three amphenicols) in pangasius fish muscle by LC-MS/MS were performed. A simple, efficient and fast extraction procedure was developed using acetonitrile and a 0.1 M EDTA solution as solvents for extraction. All compounds were determined in a single run, and chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zorbax SB C18 column with a mobile phase comprised of purified water +0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile +0.1% formic acid (B) in a linear gradient program. The method was validated aαording to the requirements of European Decision 2002/657/EC. To quantify the analytes, matrix-matched analytical curves were constructed with spiked blank tissues and showed linearity (r2) higher than 0.99. For all analytes, the precision and accuracy were determined at the levels of 3 ng/g (low), 10 ng/g (low-middle), 50 ng/g (high-middle) and 100 ng/g (high). The precision (CV%) was lower than 18.6% and the accuracy (determined as recovery) was between 65% and 119%. The limit of quantitation was 3.0 ng/g, with the exception of chloramphenicol, which was 0.3 ng/g, and amoxicillin and doxycycline, which were 10 ng/g. The method was successfully applied to analyze pangasius muscle samples from Vietnam available at the Brazilian retail market, and 5 out of 40 samples showed the presence of low-residue levels of enrofloxacin and, consequently, must be considered out of conformity. It is recommended that competent authorities should avoid the commercialization of pangasius fillet contaminated with residues of this veterinary drug.

Efectividad del tratamiento con esteroide tópico en fimosis fisiológica / Effectiveness of topical steroid treatment in physiological phimosis

Resumen Introducción La fimosis es una condición en la que el prepucio no puede ser retraído sobre el glande. La fimosis fisiológica afecta hasta a 96% de los recién nacidos y persiste hasta los tres o cuatro años de vida; es motivo común de consulta en la atención médica primaria y el tratamiento principal es la circuncisión. Diversos estudios han valorado el uso de esteroides tópicos en la liberación del prepucio fimótico. Objetivo Determinar la efectividad del tratamiento con esteroide tópico para la liberación del prepucio en lactantes con fimosis fisiológica en el Hospital Naval de Especialidades de Veracruz (HOSNAVESVER). Material y métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado en lactantes de 30 a 60 días de edad con fimosis fisiológica. Se formaron mediante la aleatorización de tres grupos: A (hidrocortisona 1%/fisioterapia), B (vaselina/fisioterapia) y C (hidrocortisona 1% sola); se comparó su efectividad mediante la escala de Kayaba antes y después del tratamiento. El análisis estadístico se efectuó con pruebas de χ2 y Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados Se incluyeron 61 lactantes. Al inicio, 17 (85.0%) del grupo A, 14 (70.0%) del B y 17 (81.0%) del C estaban en categoría I de Kayaba; al final del tratamiento, 19 (95.0%) del grupo A estaban en categoría III y IV, 18 (90.0%) del grupo B y 19 (90.5%) del grupo C estaban en categoría II y III (p < 0.05). La hidrocortisona/fisioterapia tuvo RR de -93.8%, IC 95% (-99.1 a -57.2%) y NNT de 1, IC 95% (1 a 2). Conclusión La hidrocortisona 1% con fisioterapia mostró mayor efectividad para el tratamiento de la fimosis fisiológica en lactantes de 30 a 60 días de vida.

Abstract Introduction Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted on the glans. Physiological phimosis affects up to 96% of newborns, persisting until three or four years of age. It is a common reason for consultation in primary medical care, with the main treatment being circumcision. Several studies have evaluated the use of topical steroids in the release of the foreskin. Objective To determine the effectiveness of topical steroid treatment for the liberation of the prepuce in infants with physiological phimosis in the Naval Hospital of Specialties of Veracruz (HOSNAVESVER). Material and methods Randomized controlled clinical trial in infants between 30 and 60 days of age with physiological phimosis. Three groups were randomized: A (hydrocortisone 1%/physiotherapy), B (petrolatum/physiotherapy) and C (only hydrocortisone 1%), comparing their effectiveness using the Kayaba scale before and after treatment. A statistical analysis was made with χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results 61 infants were included. At the beginning, 17 (85.0%) of group A, 14 (70.0%) of B and 17 (81.0%) of C were in category I of Kayaba; at the end of the treatment, 19 (95.0%) of group A were in category III and IV, 18 (90.0%) of group B, and 19 (90.5%) of group C were in category II and III (p < 0.05). Hydrocortisone/physiotherapy had RR of -93.8%, 95% CI (-99.1% to -57.2%) and NNT of 1, 95% CI (1 to 2). Conclusion Hydrocortisone 1% with physiotherapy showed greater effectiveness for the treatment of physiological phimosis in infants between 30 and 60 days of age.

Efecto de la tamsulosina en la calidad de vida de pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna / The effect of tamsulosin in the quality of life of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Resumen Introducción La hiperplasia prostática benigna es el padecimiento urológico más frecuente en hombres mayores de 50 años; sus síntomas afectan la calidad de vida. Los bloqueadores alfa-adrenérgicos son una opción para mejorarla. Objetivo Determinar la calidad de vida de pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna antes y después del tratamiento con un bloqueador alfa-adrenérgico. Material y métodos Estudio pretest-retest en hombres de 45 a 75 años con hiperplasia prostática benigna. Se administró tamsulosina (0.4 mg/día) por tres meses y se evaluó la severidad de los síntomas y la calidad de vida con el International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) y EuroQol 5-D. Se usaron X2 y prueba de rangos y signos de Wilcoxon. Resultados Se incluyeron 50 pacientes de 63.3 ± 10.3 años, 34 (68.0%) tenían síntomas severos antes del tratamiento y 19 (38.0%) después de tres meses (p < 0.05). Con el IPSS, 33 (66.0%) pacientes estaban en categorías de «tan insatisfecho como insatisfecho¼ a «muy insatisfecho¼ antes de la intervención y seis (12.0%) después de ella. La escala visual análoga (EVA) del EuroQol 5-D mostró puntuación basal de 72.9 ± 11.2 versus 83.4 ± 7.6 después (p < 0.05). Conclusión La tamsulosina reduce la severidad de los síntomas y mejora la calidad en de vida en la hiperplasia prostática benigna después de administrarla tres meses.

Abstract Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an urological disorder most common in men over 50 years old; the symptoms affect the quality of life. Alpha-adrenergic blockers are an option to improve it. Objective To determine the quality of life of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia before and after treatment with an alphaadrenergic blocker. Material and methods Pretest-retest study in men of 45 to 75 years with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin was administered (0.4 mg/day) for three months; the severity of symptoms and quality of life were assessed with IPSS and EuroQol 5-D. Ranges and sign of Wilcoxon test and X2 were used. Results Fifty patients were included of 63.3 ± 10.3 years of age, 34 (68.0%) had severe symptoms before the treatment and 19 (38.0%) after three months (p < 0.05). With IPSS, 33 (66.0%) patients were in the categories of «as dissatisfied as unsatisfied¼ and «very dissatisfied¼ before the intervention and six (12.0%) after. The VAS of the EuroQol 5-D showed a baseline score of 72.9 ± 11.2 versus 83.4 ± 7.6 after (p < 0.05). Conclusion Tamsulosin reduces severity of symptoms and improves quality of life in benign prostatic hyperplasia after giving it three months.

[Cost-effectiveness of local steroid combined with therapeutic exercise in subacromial impingement syndrome]. / Costo-efectividad de esteroides locales combinados con ejercicio terapéutico en síndrome de pinzamiento subacromial.

BACKGROUND: The most common cause of injury is shoulder impingement syndrome. Management includes physical therapy, analgesics, steroids and surgery. The aim of the study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of using steroids combined with therapeutic exercise at home in the chronic impingement syndrome. METHODS: Clinical trial randomized in 30 people with subacromial impingement syndrome underwent two treatments: steroid and at home rehabilitation booklet evaluated at the first and fourth week through UCLA Shoulder rating scale. RESULTS: We studied 17 men (56.7 %) and 13 women (43.3 %), mean age was 42.87 years. Group 2 earned greater improvement in UCLA Shoulder rating scale 18.87 at baseline and 27.60 at the end. With 30.27 accumulated disability days for group 1, and 14.80 for group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of local steroids with therapeutic exercise is more effective clinically and declining disability compared to conventional physical therapy.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la causa de lesión de hombro más frecuente es el síndrome de pinzamiento subacromial. Su manejo incluye fisioterapia, analgésicos, esteroides y cirugía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el costo-efectividad del uso de esteroides combinado con ejercicio terapéutico en casa en el síndrome de pinzamiento subacromial (SIS). MÉTODOS: ensayo clínico aleatorizado en 30 trabajadores con síndrome de pinzamiento subacromial sometidos a dos tratamientos: esteroide con folleto de rehabilitación en casa y terapia de rehabilitación convencional, ambos grupos evaluados a la primera y cuarta semana mediante la escala de hombro de UCLA. RESULTADOS: estudiamos a 17 hombres (56.7%) y 13 mujeres (43.3%), con edad media de 42.87 años (9.133 DE). El grupo 2 obtuvo mayor mejoría en la escala de evaluación del hombro de la UCLA con una puntuación de 18.87 al inicio y 27.60 al final. Con 30.27 días acumulados de incapacidad para el grupo 1 y 14.80 para el grupo 2. CONCLUSIONES: la combinación de esteroides locales con ejercicio terapéutico es más efectivo clínicamente y reporta una disminución en el número de incapacidades en comparación con la terapia física convencional.

Moxidectin residues in tissues of lambs submitted to three endoparasite control programs.

The indiscriminate and continuous use of anthelmintic drugs has promoted the selection of resistant parasites population, the presence of drug residues in food products, and heavy environmental contamination. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antiparasitic drug residues in 42-days old lamb serum and tissues, submitted to three endoparasite control programs: preventive treatment (PT) using moxidectin (MOX) at every 28days; selective treatment (FEC) using MOX when fecal egg count was greater than or equal to 700; and selective treatment (FMC), using MOX when FAMACHA/FMC score was 3 and above. For this purpose, MOX residues were quantified in serum, muscle, fat, liver and kidney. Lambs were slaughtered when reaching 30kg of body weight, and after a 28-day MOX withdrawal period. Before slaughter, blood was collected to determine the concentration of MOX in serum. Tissues and organ samples were collected at slaughter. The quantitation of MOX residues was performed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). From the 756 tissue samples analyzed, only one sample of fat from the PT group showed residue levels (586.3µg/kg) above the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 500µg/kg. No treated lambs presented traces of MOX residues in fat and liver, suggesting possible environmental contamination. In conclusion, all weaned lambs, produced in continuous grazing and subjected to gastrointestinal parasite control programs via selective (FEC and FMC) or preventive (PT) treatment, displayed a low risk (<1%) of MOX residues above the MRL in muscle, fat, kidney, and liver.