Evaluation of Biodegradable PVA-Based 3D Printed Carriers during Dissolution.

The presence of additive manufacturing, especially 3D printing, has the potential to revolutionize pharmaceutical manufacturing owing to the distinctive capabilities of personalized pharmaceutical manufacturing. This study's aim was to examine the behavior of commonly used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) under in vitro dissolution conditions. Polylactic acid (PLA) was also used as a comparator. The carriers were designed and fabricated using computer-aided design (CAD). After printing the containers, the behavior of PVA under in vitro simulated biorelevant conditions was monitored by gravimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The results show that in all the dissolution media PVA carriers were dissolved; the particle size was under 300 nm. However, the dissolution rate was different in various dissolution media. In addition to studying the PVA, as drug delivery carriers, the kinetics of drug release were investigated. These dissolution test results accompanied with UV spectrophotometry tracking indirectly determine the possibilities for modifying the output of quality by computer design.

Comparative Evaluation of Pellet Cushioning Agents by Various Imaging Techniques and Dissolution Studies.

Most of the commercially available pharmaceutical products for oral administration route are marketed in the tablet dosage forms. However, compression of multiparticulate systems is a challenge for the pharmaceutical research and industry, especially if the individual unit is a coated particle, as the release of the active ingredient depends on the integrity of the coating. In the present study, polymer-coated pellets tableted with different types of excipients (powder, granules, pellets) then were investigated by various tablet-destructive (microscopic) and tablet non-destructive (microfocus X-ray; microCT) imaging methods. The information obtained from the independent evaluation of the in vitro drug release profiles model is confirmed by the results obtained by image analysis, regardless of whether X-ray or stereomicroscopic images of the coated, tableted pellets were used for image analysis. The results of this study show that the novel easy-to-use, fast, and non-destructive MFX method is a good alternative to the already used microscopic image analysis methods regarding the characterization of particulates, compressed into tablets.

Optimization of Quality Attributes and Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging of Reconstituted Nanodroplets in Baicalin Loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Formulations.

The objective of the study was to develop baicalin loaded liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (BSNEDDS) and to characterize them by physicochemical methods in order to optimize the composition and quality attributes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to evaluate the morphological characteristics and size distribution of reconstituted nanoemulsion droplets with a new sample preparation method for the elucidation of individual nanodroplets without any signs of coalescence. Response surface methodology and desirability approach was used to select the optimized composition related to droplet size, zeta-potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and turbidity characteristics. Droplet size distribution measured by dynamic light scattering method was highly desirable with 52.87 ± 0.5322 nm, which was confirmed by AFM imaging. The optimized formula contains Peceol® (14.29%, w/w), Kolliphor® EL (57.14%, w/w), and Transcutol® P (28.57%, w/w). Long-term stability analysis did not show any significant change in droplet size or PDI over the investigated period. More than 40.5-times solubility improvement was achieved with the optimized BSNEDDS correlated to solubility of baicalin in distilled water. In vitro dissolution studies at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 were performed and revealed that the optimized BSNEDDS formula showed pH independent drug dissolution, and 100% of incorporated baicalin dissolved within five minutes in rapidly dispersing nanodroplets.

Study on the dissolution improvement of albendazole using reconstitutable dry nanosuspension formulation.

The aim of the study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of the poorly water soluble drug albendazole via surfactant assisted media milling process. Preparation of a nanosuspension and then post-processing with a solidification technique applied to improve the applicability of nanosuspension in a solid dosage forms carrier. The dry nanosuspension was obtained using microcrystalline cellulose as solid carrier after tray drying at 40 °C. Both reconstitution from the solid carrier and dissolution profile studies were investigated in biorelevant Artificial Rumen Fluid (ARF) at pH = 6.50 and dissolution media at pH = 1.20 and pH = 6.80. Reconstitution studies have demonstrated that the mean hydrodynamic diameter values of albendazole crystals released from the dry suspension were nanosized (intensity weighted hydrodynamic diameter values: 200.40 ±â€¯2.318 nm in ARF at pH = 6.50, 197.17 ±â€¯0.208 nm in dissolution medium at pH = 6.80). Thermodynamic solubility studies have indicated a 2.98 times increase in water solubility (144.41 ±â€¯0.09 µg/ml milled, 48.38 ±â€¯0.01 µg/ml unmilled, 8.21 ±â€¯0.02 µg/ml albendazole powder) in ARF at pH = 6.50, and 2.33 times in dissolution medium at pH = 6.8: (146.27 ±â€¯0.28 µg/ml milled, 62.71 ±â€¯0.04 µg/ml unmilled, 9.00 ±â€¯0.01 µg/ml albendazole powder), and 13.65% increase at pH = 1.20 (1728.31 ±â€¯3.31 µg/ml milled, 1559.41 ±â€¯0.40 µg/ml unmilled, 1520.70 ±â€¯1.39 µg/ml albendazole powder), dissolution rates have also increased. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging investigations detected no albendazole nanocrystals on the surface of the carrier, which demonstrated the incorporation of albendazole into the microcrystalline cellulose solid carrier structure.