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1.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 9611, 2019 07 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31270342

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different serological markers of hepatitis A, B and C viruses and Treponema pallidum among the adult population of Argentina. To achieve this, adults who attended health services for premarital exams (which are mandatory and includes screening for syphilis) were recruited. A cross-sectional study was designed with a cluster sampling strategy. Couples who attended selected health services for premarital screening between 2013 and 2014 in Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Mendoza and Santa Fe provinces were included. A total of 3833 individuals were recruited. Anti-HAV prevalence was 63.9%, anti-HCV 0.3%, anti-HBc (without HBsAg) 1.9%, HBsAg 0.3%, and T pallidum 0.8%. Anti-HAV was higher among older participants, foreigners and those from the lower strata. HBV increased with age and was higher among foreigners and those with lower formal educational level. Anti-HCV frequency increased with age. Premarital screening of viral hepatitis could constitute an instance of diagnosis, vaccination and inclusion in care of those in need. Results from this study will allow the national hepatitis programs to design public policies in order to diminish the impact of these infections on the population.


Assuntos
Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/virologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/microbiologia , Treponema pallidum , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Testes Hematológicos , Hepatite Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Adulto Jovem
2.
Antivir Ther ; 22(7): 625-629, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28234630

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Rilpivirine-based regimens are now preferred or alternative first-line regimens according to many HIV treatment guidelines. Recently, a surveillance study conducted in Argentina determined that prevalence of pretreatment resistance to first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was 10%. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of resistance mutations to newer generation NNRTIs in the population starting ART in Argentina. METHODS: We analysed the prevalence of resistance mutations to rilpivirine and etravirine (according to the IAS list), obtained through a nationally representative pretreatment HIV-drug resistance (PDR) surveillance study performed in Argentina in 2014-2015. Briefly, 25 ART-dispensing sites throughout the country were randomly chosen to enrol 330 adults starting ART. Samples were processed with Trugene (Siemens)® and analysed using the Stanford algorithm. RESULTS: All 270 samples corresponding to participants with no prior exposure to antiretroviral drugs were included in this analysis. Median (IQR) age was 35 years (28-43); 66.7% were male; median (IQR) CD4+ T-cell count was 284 cells/mm3 (112-489). The prevalence of resistance to any antiretroviral was 16% (±5%) and prevalence of NNRTI RAMs was 13% (±4%). The prevalence of resistance to rilpivirine was 8% (±3%). Prevalence of resistance to etravirine was 4% (±3%). The most frequent mutations conferring resistance to rilpivirine were: E138A (n=6) and G190A (n=4). CONCLUSIONS: This PDR surveillance study showed concerning levels of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in Argentina, not only for first-generation NNRTIs but also to rilpivirine. In our setting, performing resistance testing would be necessary before prescription of ART even if a second-generation NNRTI-based regimen was used as first-line therapy.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Viral , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Argentina/epidemiologia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Carga Viral
3.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 40(6), dic. 2016
Artigo em Inglês | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-33665

RESUMO

Objective. To determine rates of retention, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, and viral suppression in an adult cohort from a public tertiary referral hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods. HIV-positive ART-naïve patients ≥ 18 years old starting care 2011-2013 contributed data until the end of 2014. Three outcomes were assessed in 2014: retention in care, ART use, and viral suppression. Patient characteristics associated with each outcome were assessed through logistic regression. Results. A total of 1 031 patients were included. By the end of 2014, 1.5% had died and 14.8% were transferred to a different center. Of the remaining 859 patients, 563 (65.5%) were retained in 2014. Among those retained, 459 (81.5%) were on ART in 2014. Of those 459 on ART, 270 (58.8%) were virologically suppressed. Younger age was associated with lower retention (OR (odds ratio): 0.67; 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.44-0.92 for ≥ 35 vs. < 35 years), but unrelated with ART use or viral suppression. Low CD4 count at first visit was associated with ART use (OR: 35.72 for CD4 < 200, 7.13 for CD4 200-499 vs. ≥ 500, P < 0.001) and with virologic suppression (OR: 2.17 for CD4 < 200, 2.46 for CD4 200-499 vs. ≥ 500, P: 0.023). Conclusions. Our hospital in Buenos Aires is still below the recommended 90-90-90 targets of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) for ART use and viral suppression. We found a major gap in retention in care. Identifying younger age as being associated with worse retention will help in the design of targeted interventions.


Objetivo. Determinar las tasas de retención, uso de tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) y supresión viral en una cohorte adulta de un hospital público de referencia de atención terciaria en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Métodos. Pacientes de 18 años de edad o mayores seropositivos al VIH que no habían recibido tratamiento con antirretrovirales y que comenzaron a ser atendidos entre el 2011 y el 2013 aportaron datos hasta finales del 2014. En el 2014 se evaluaron tres resultados: la retención de los pacientes en los servicios de atención, el uso de TAR y la supresión viral. Se usó la regresión logística para evaluar las características de los pacientes asociadas con cada resultado. Resultados. Se estudió a 1 031 pacientes. A finales del 2014, 1,5% habían fallecido y 14,8% fueron transferidos a otro centro. De los 859 pacientes restantes, en el 2014 se retuvieron en los servicios a 563 (65,5%). Entre los que siguieron asistiendo a los servicios, 459 (81,5%) recibieron tratamiento antirretroviral ese año. De esos 459 que recibieron tratamiento antirretroviral, se alcanzó la supresión viral en 270 (58,8%). Se determinó que una menor edad estaba asociada a una menor tasa de retención (razón de posibilidades (OR): 0,67; intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC): 0,44-0,92 para ≥ 35 frente a < 35 años), pero no con el uso de tratamiento antirretroviral o la supresión viral. También se determinó que un bajo nivel de CD4 en la primera consulta estaba asociado al uso de tratamiento antirretroviral (OR: 35,72 para CD4 < 200, 7,13 para CD4 200-499 frente a ≥ 500, P < 0,001) y a la supresión viral (OR: 2,17 para CD4 < 200, 2,46 para CD4 200-499 frente a ≥ 500, P: 0,023). Conclusiones. Nuestro hospital en Buenos Aires todavía está por debajo de las metas 90‑90‑90 recomendadas por el Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA (ONUSIDA) para el uso de terapia antirretroviral y la supresión viral. Encontramos una brecha importante en la retención de los pacientes en los servicios de atención. La asociación de una menor edad con peores tasas de retención será útil en el diseño de intervenciones destinadas a poblaciones específicas.


Assuntos
Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , HIV , Resultado do Tratamento , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente , Argentina , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Resultado do Tratamento , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente , HIV
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 40(6): 448-454, Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-845668

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective To determine rates of retention, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, and viral suppression in an adult cohort from a public tertiary referral hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods HIV-positive ART-naïve patients ≥ 18 years old starting care 2011-2013 contributed data until the end of 2014. Three outcomes were assessed in 2014: retention in care, ART use, and viral suppression. Patient characteristics associated with each outcome were assessed through logistic regression. Results A total of 1 031 patients were included. By the end of 2014, 1.5% had died and 14.8% were transferred to a different center. Of the remaining 859 patients, 563 (65.5%) were retained in 2014. Among those retained, 459 (81.5%) were on ART in 2014. Of those 459 on ART, 270 (58.8%) were virologically suppressed. Younger age was associated with lower retention (OR (odds ratio): 0.67; 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.44-0.92 for ≥ 35 vs. < 35 years), but unrelated with ART use or viral suppression. Low CD4 count at first visit was associated with ART use (OR: 35.72 for CD4 < 200, 7.13 for CD4 200-499 vs. ≥ 500, P < 0.001) and with virologic suppression (OR: 2.17 for CD4 < 200, 2.46 for CD4 200-499 vs. ≥ 500, P: 0.023). Conclusions Our hospital in Buenos Aires is still below the recommended 90-90-90 targets of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) for ART use and viral suppression. We found a major gap in retention in care. Identifying younger age as being associated with worse retention will help in the design of targeted interventions.


RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar las tasas de retención, uso de tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) y supresión viral en una cohorte adulta de un hospital público de referencia de atención terciaria en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Métodos Pacientes de 18 años de edad o mayores seropositivos al VIH que no habían recibido tratamiento con antirretrovirales y que comenzaron a ser atendidos entre el 2011 y el 2013 aportaron datos hasta finales del 2014. En el 2014 se evaluaron tres resultados: la retención de los pacientes en los servicios de atención, el uso de TAR y la supresión viral. Se usó la regresión logística para evaluar las características de los pacientes asociadas con cada resultado. Resultados Se estudió a 1 031 pacientes. A finales del 2014, 1,5% habían fallecido y 14,8% fueron transferidos a otro centro. De los 859 pacientes restantes, en el 2014 se retuvieron en los servicios a 563 (65,5%). Entre los que siguieron asistiendo a los servicios, 459 (81,5%) recibieron tratamiento antirretroviral ese año. De esos 459 que recibieron tratamiento antirretroviral, se alcanzó la supresión viral en 270 (58,8%). Se determinó que una menor edad estaba asociada a una menor tasa de retención (razón de posibilidades (OR): 0,67; intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC): 0,44-0,92 para ≥ 35 frente a < 35 años), pero no con el uso de tratamiento antirretroviral o la supresión viral. También se determinó que un bajo nivel de CD4 en la primera consulta estaba asociado al uso de tratamiento antirretroviral (OR: 35,72 para CD4 < 200, 7,13 para CD4 200-499 frente a ≥ 500, P < 0,001) y a la supresión viral (OR: 2,17 para CD4 < 200, 2,46 para CD4 200-499 frente a ≥ 500, P: 0,023). Conclusiones Nuestro hospital en Buenos Aires todavía está por debajo de las metas 90‑90‑90 recomendadas por el Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA (ONUSIDA) para el uso de terapia antirretroviral y la supresión viral. Encontramos una brecha importante en la retención de los pacientes en los servicios de atención. La asociación de una menor edad con peores tasas de retención será útil en el diseño de intervenciones destinadas a poblaciones específicas.


Assuntos
Cooperação do Paciente , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Carga Viral/imunologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Argentina
5.
J Int AIDS Soc ; 19(3 Suppl 2): 20799, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27431470

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Transgender women are the population most vulnerable to HIV in Latin America, with prevalence between 18 and 38%. Although the region has improved antiretroviral coverage, there is an urgent need to strengthen HIV prevention for key populations to meet regional targets set by governments. We conducted an assessment on the state of HIV prevention among transgender women in Latin America. METHODS: We conducted a desk review of Global AIDS Response Progress Reports, national strategic plans, technical reports and peer-reviewed articles from 17 Latin American countries published through January 2015. The review was preceded by 12 semi-structured interviews with UNAIDS and Pan American Health Organization officers and a discussion group with transgender women regional leaders, to guide the identification of documents. We assessed access to, implementation and coverage of programmes; legal frameworks; community participation; inclusion of new strategies; and alignment with international recommendations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Overall, prevention activities in the region focus on condom distribution, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and peer education, mostly delivered at health facilities, with limited community involvement. Argentina and Uruguay have implemented structural interventions to address social inclusion. Argentina, Brazil and Mexico have adopted early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and treatment as prevention strategies. The other countries do not have substantial tailored interventions and consider the trans population a sub-population of men who have sex with men in data collection and programme implementation. Limited coverage of services, discrimination and a deep-seated mistrust of the health system among transgender women are the main barriers to accessing HIV prevention services. Promising interventions include health services adapted to transgender women in Mexico; LGBT-friendly clinics in Argentina that incorporate community and health workers in mixed teams; task-shifting to community-based organizations; mobile HIV testing; and gender identity laws. CONCLUSIONS: Transgender women in Latin America continue to have limited access to HIV prevention services, which presents a bottleneck for reaching prevention goals and incorporating new prevention interventions. Prevention programmes should be rights-based; offer tailored, holistic interventions; and involve transgender women in their design and implementation.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Pessoas Transgênero , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde
6.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 40(6): 448-454, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28718494

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine rates of retention, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, and viral suppression in an adult cohort from a public tertiary referral hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. METHODS: HIV-positive ART-naïve patients ≥ 18 years old starting care 2011-2013 contributed data until the end of 2014. Three outcomes were assessed in 2014: retention in care, ART use, and viral suppression. Patient characteristics associated with each outcome were assessed through logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1 031 patients were included. By the end of 2014, 1.5% had died and 14.8% were transferred to a different center. Of the remaining 859 patients, 563 (65.5%) were retained in 2014. Among those retained, 459 (81.5%) were on ART in 2014. Of those 459 on ART, 270 (58.8%) were virologically suppressed. Younger age was associated with lower retention (OR (odds ratio): 0.67; 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.44-0.92 for ≥ 35 vs. < 35 years), but unrelated with ART use or viral suppression. Low CD4 count at first visit was associated with ART use (OR: 35.72 for CD4 < 200, 7.13 for CD4 200-499 vs. ≥ 500, P < 0.001) and with virologic suppression (OR: 2.17 for CD4 < 200, 2.46 for CD4 200-499 vs. ≥ 500, P: 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Our hospital in Buenos Aires is still below the recommended 90-90-90 targets of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) for ART use and viral suppression. We found a major gap in retention in care. Identifying younger age as being associated with worse retention will help in the design of targeted interventions.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Carga Viral , Adulto , Argentina , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Humanos , Cooperação do Paciente , Análise de Regressão , Centros de Atenção Terciária
7.
CABA; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Dirección de Sida y ETS; 2012 Diciembre. 350 p.
Monografia em Espanhol | ARGMSAL | ID: biblio-994352

RESUMO

Con el objetivo de mejorar el acceso a una atención integral de los niños, niñas y adolescentes con VIH, esta publicación ofrece un aporte para el trabajo de los equipos de salud comprometidos con la temática en Argentina. Si definirse estrictamente como una guía el contenido contempla las recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia y la experiencia de los principales referentes de cada área y reúne los aspecto biomédicos y socio culturales de la infección, asumiendo que se trata de una mirada indispensable para el abordaje integral de los procesos salud enfermedad. El volumen pretende ser una fuente de consulta que facilite la tarea de los pediatras y hebiatras no infectologos de adultos que frecuentemente realizan el seguimiento de adolescentes con HIV, ya que resulta necesario promover el acercamiento de las pediatrías generales a las especifidades del VIH, y de los infectologos de adultos a las necesidades en la adolescencia, para reducir los obstáculos en el circuito de atención. Fortalecer esta tarea es un escalón esencial para lograr la mejor atención de los niños, niñas y adolescentes con VIH en nuestro país, entendiendo que constituyen una población especialmente vulnerable que requiere políticas especificas para una mejor respuesta desde el sector de salud, La presente demuestra, también el resultado de una experiencia innovadora de trabajo compartido entre los organismos del estado, la sociedad científica y las agencias del Sistema de Naciones Unidas


Assuntos
Criança , HIV , Adolescente , Antivirais , Criança , Saúde Sexual
11.
Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Dirección de Sida y ETS; s.f. 137 p.
Monografia em Espanhol | ARGMSAL | ID: biblio-994420

RESUMO

La epidemia de VIH-sida, los avances logrados en materia de tratamiento han dado como resultado que, por primera vez en la historia de la epidemia, hoy podamos considerar que el sida pasó de ser una enfermedad mortal (como lo era en la década de 1980) a tratarse de una infección crónica ûdesde la segunda mitad de la década de 1990û para aquellas poblaciones que tienen acceso a la medicación La evidencia disponible deja en claro de forma contundente que el empleo del tratamiento antirretroviral de alta eficacia ha producido importantes beneficios clínicos y mejoría de la calidad de vida de las personas con infección por VIH que han tenido acceso al tratamiento Así, la existencia de esquemas terapéuticos eficaces y de una política de distribución gratuita de medicamentos antirretrovirales en nuestro país ha marcado un antes y un después en la esperanza y calidad de vida de las personas con VIH-sida. A su vez, es conocido que el VIH-sida ha afectado desde el comienzo de la epidemia a personas que se encontraban en edad reproductiva y, si bien en un principio de modo desigual, afectó tanto a varones como a mujeres. A su vez, desde el inicio de la epidemia se han reportado casos de transmisión madre-hijo del VIHA partir de estas nuevas realidades, hoy cobran mayor relevancia y visibilidad algunas áreas poco tenidas en cuenta en el pasado, que sitúan a los profesionales y equipos de salud ante nuevos desafíos. Entre ellos, los referentes al seguimiento ginecológico, la anticoncepción y la reproducción de las personas con VIH o cuyas parejas tienen el virus, áreas en la que es preciso dar respuestas efectivas, en el marco de los derechos reproductivos.


Assuntos
Feminino , HIV
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