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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(6): 857-909, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388317

RESUMO

Resumen El Comité de Infecciones en el Niño Inmunocomprometido de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica, entrega este documento de Consenso, llamado "Manejo de los episodios de neutropenia febril en niños con cáncer. Consenso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021". El documento contiene recomendaciones sobre aspectos de prevención, predicción, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de los episodios de fiebre y neutropenia, incluyendo recomendaciones específicas sobre: Análisis de ingreso; evaluación, ajustes y duración de terapias antimicrobianas; diagnóstico y manejo de infección fúngica invasora; análisis de los principales focos clínicos de infección; condiciones ambientales necesarias para hospitales que atienden niños con cáncer y quimioprofilaxis. Se ha puesto especial énfasis en entregar las mejores recomendaciones para optimizar el manejo de los episodios de fiebre y neutropenia en niños con cáncer, buscando la equidad y la excelencia a través de todos los centros que atienden estos pacientes en América Latina.


Abstract The Committee for Infections in Immunocompromised Children of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica, presents this Consensus document, titled "Management of episodes of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer. Consensus of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021". The document includes recommendations on prevention, prediction, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of episodes of fever and neutropenia, including specific recommendations on: Analysis at admission; evaluation, adjustments and duration of antimicrobial therapies; diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infection; analysis of the main clinical source of infections; environmental conditions necessary for hospitals caring for children with cancer and chemoprophylaxis. Special emphasis has been placed on providing the best recommendations to optimize the management of episodes of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer, with equity and excellence through all the centers that treat these patients in Latin America.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Doenças Transmissíveis , Neutropenia Febril/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/complicações , Consenso , Febre , América Latina
2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e278-e283, jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1116944

RESUMO

El incremento de la expectativa de vida con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia plantea desafíos en cuanto a la toxicidad e interacciones medicamentosas. El síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción entre ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada en niños con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica es infrecuente. Hasta el momento, hay 20 casos reportados. Se describen 3 casos pediátricos con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica que presentaron síndrome de Cushing exógeno con fluticasona inhalada en dosis habituales por la interacción medicamentosa entre esta y ritonavir. Los pacientes resolvieron el cuadro clínico luego de 2-4 meses de suspensión de la fluticasona y permanecieron asintomáticos en el seguimiento


The increase in life expectancy with the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy poses challenges in terms of toxicity and drug interactions. Exogenous Cushing syndrome by interaction between ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone in children diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology is rare. So far, there are 20 cases reported. Three pediatric cases are reported, with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology who presented exogenous Cushing syndrome with inhaled fluticasone at usual doses due to drug interaction between it and ritonavir. The patients resolved the clinical Síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción medicamentosa de ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada. Reporte de tres casos pediátricos Exogenous Cushing syndrome due to drug interaction of ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone. Report of three pediatric cases picture after 2-4 months of fluticasone suspension and remain asymptomatic in the follow-up.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adolescente , Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico , HIV , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Cushing/terapia , Fluticasona/efeitos adversos , Fluticasona/uso terapêutico , Pneumopatias
3.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 118(3): e278-e283, 2020 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32470265

RESUMO

The increase in life expectancy with the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy poses challenges in terms of toxicity and drug interactions. Exogenous Cushing syndrome by interaction between ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone in children diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology is rare. So far, there are 20 cases reported. Three pediatric cases are reported, with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology who presented exogenous Cushing syndrome with inhaled fluticasone at usual doses due to drug interaction between it and ritonavir. The patients resolved the clinical picture after 2-4 months of fluticasone suspension and remain asymptomatic in the follow-up.


El incremento de la expectativa de vida con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia plantea desafíos en cuanto a la toxicidad e interacciones medicamentosas. El síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción entre ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada en niños con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica es infrecuente. Hasta el momento, hay 20 casos reportados. Se describen 3 casos pediátricos con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica que presentaron síndrome de Cushing exógeno con fluticasona inhalada en dosis habituales por la interacción medicamentosa entre esta y ritonavir. Los pacientes resolvieron el cuadro clínico luego de 2-4 meses de suspensión de la fluticasona y permanecieron asintomáticos en el seguimiento.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Broncodilatadores/efeitos adversos , Síndrome de Cushing/induzido quimicamente , Fluticasona/efeitos adversos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/tratamento farmacológico , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , Administração por Inalação , Adolescente , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Asma/complicações , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Criança , Doença Crônica , Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico , Interações Medicamentosas , Fluticasona/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Masculino , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(1): 63-67, feb. 2019. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-983783

RESUMO

El dengue es la arbovirosis humana que más morbimortalidad ocasiona mundialmente. Durante 2016, se registró, en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, la mayor epidemia de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y hematológicas en una población pediátrica. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal que incluyó a pacientes atendidos del 18-1-16 al 15-4-16 en el Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez". Resultados: se registraron 156 casos, 82 confirmados por virología; 130 (83 %), autóctonos. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, cefalea y dolor retroocular. Las alteraciones del laboratorio significativas fueron leucopenia, plaquetopenia y aumento de transaminasas. Se internaron 35 pacientes (23 %), 25 (16 %) con signos de alarma. No se presentó ningún caso de dengue grave. Conclusiones: el reconocimiento oportuno de los signos de alarma y el control hematológico resultan fundamentales para detectar a los niños en riesgo y ofrecerles tratamiento de soporte en forma precoz.


Dengue is the human arbovirus with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. The largest outbreak of dengue in Buenos Aires, Argentina, occurred during 2016. Objective: To describe clinical and hematological features in children with confirmed dengue infection. Methods: Cross sectional study that included children attended since January 18th to April 15th 2016 at Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez". Results: among 156 registered cases, 82 confirmed cases by virology test; 130 (83 %) autochthonous cases. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, headache and retro-ocular pain. Laboratory abnormalities were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased liver enzymes. Thirty-five children were hospitalized (23 %), 25 (16 %) with warning signs. In our study, no cases of severe dengue occurred. Conclusions: early recognition of warning signs and hematological monitoring is essential in order to detect patients at risk and offer them adequate early treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pediatria , Criança , Vírus da Dengue
5.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 117(1): e63-e67, 2019 02 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30652459

RESUMO

Dengue is the human arbovirus with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. The largest outbreak of dengue in Buenos Aires, Argentina, occurred during 2016. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and hematological features in children with confirmed dengue infection. METHODS: Cross sectional study that included children attended since January 18th to April 15th 2016 at Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez". RESULTS: among 156 registered cases, 82 confirmed cases by virology test; 130 (83 %) autochthonous cases. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, headache and retro-ocular pain. Laboratory abnormalities were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased liver enzymes. Thirty-five children were hospitalized (23 %), 25 (16 %) with warning signs. In our study, no cases of severe dengue occurred. CONCLUSIONS: early recognition of warning signs and hematological monitoring is essential in order to detect patients at risk and offer them adequate early treatment.


El dengue es la arbovirosis humana que más morbimortalidad ocasiona mundialmente. Durante 2016, se registró, en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, la mayor epidemia de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y hematológicas en una población pediátrica. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal que incluyó a pacientes atendidos del 18-1-16 al 15-4-16 en el Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez". Resultados: se registraron 156 casos, 82 confirmados por virología; 130 (83 %), autóctonos. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, cefalea y dolor retroocular. Las alteraciones del laboratorio significativas fueron leucopenia, plaquetopenia y aumento de transaminasas. Se internaron 35 pacientes (23 %), 25 (16 %) con signos de alarma. No se presentó ningún caso de dengue grave. Conclusiones: el reconocimiento oportuno de los signos de alarma y el control hematológico resultan fundamentales para detectar a los niños en riesgo y ofrecerles tratamiento de soporte en forma precoz.


Assuntos
Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Dengue/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto Jovem
6.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc ; 7(1): 11-17, 2018 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28040688

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality rates for pertussis in infants are high because disease often occurs before the onset of routine immunization or in those who do not complete a primary immunization series. Pertussis immunization is recommended during pregnancy to achieve antibody levels sufficient to protect young infants. To our knowledge, no previous reports of maternal pertussis immunization results in Latin America exist in the literature. METHODS: This study compared pertussis antibody levels in newborns from mothers who received or did not receive a tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccination (TdapV) during pregnancy. Each mother's level of immunoglobulin G antibodies against pertussis toxin (IgG-PT) was measured with a validated, specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Paired mother and cord serum samples were compared in 105 mothers with and 99 mothers without a TdapV. At birth, the mothers with and those without a TdapV had serum IgG-PT geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of 35.1 and 9.8 ELISA units (EU)/mL, respectively (P < .0001); cord blood GMCs were 51.3 and 11.6 EU/mL, respectively (P < .0003); and cord blood IgG-PT levels were <5 EU/mL in 2.9% and 16.1% of the cord blood samples, respectively (P < .001). The mothers received their TdapV at a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) of 24.7 ± 4.8 weeks' gestation. Vaccination timing did not affect the IgG-PT GMC at birth. Placental antibody transference efficiencies (measured as the ratio of the cord blood GMC to the maternal GMC) were 1.46 and 1.18 for mothers with and those without a TdapV, respectively. The IgG-PT GMCs were 17.7 EU/mL in 36 infants in their first month of life and 11.6 EU/mL in 32 infants in their second month of life. CONCLUSIONS: Women who received a TdapV during pregnancy had significantly a higher serum/cord IgG-PT concentration at birth than mothers who did not receive a TdapV. Timing of the immunization was not correlated with antibody concentrations. Infants born to immunized mothers had significantly higher antibody levels during their first 2 months of life.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/uso terapêutico , Coqueluche/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche Acelular/imunologia , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Humanos , Lactente , Gravidez , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
7.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 112(4): 315-322, ago. 2014. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-727362

RESUMO

La coqueluche es una enfermedad inmunopreve-nible que afecta a todas las edades. Los adultos jóvenes que han perdido su inmunidad contra pertussis son una importante fuente de infección para los lactantes. Ante el aumento sostenido de casos de coqueluche, se plantean nuevas estrategias de prevención.Objetivo. Evaluar la seroprevalencia de coqueluche en donantes de sangre adultos, puérperas y cordones.Métodos. Determinación de títulos de anticuerpos totales anti-Bordetella spp (Bordetella) mediante el ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas. Se evaluaron sueros de 103 donantes, 101 puérperas y 100 cordones. Los títulos < 80 fueron considerados de bajo impacto contra la enfermedad. El pasaje transplacentario de anticuerpos fue evaluado como la relación en los títulos de anticuerpos en cordones/madres. Resultados. Media de edad de los donantes: 28 ± 6 años. Mediana títulos anti-Bordetella: 320; rango intercuartil: 160-320 (RIC); 10% presentaron títulos < 80. Media de edad de las puérperas: 26 ± 6 años. Mediana títulos anti-Bordetella: 160 (RIC: 80320), títulos significativamente menores que las mujeres donantes (p= 0,00002). El 30% de las puérperas presentaron títulos < 80. Mediana anti-Bordetella cordones: 160 (RIC: 80160). Los cordones presentaron títulos < 80 más frecuentemente que sus madres (44% vs. 30%, p= 0,04). El pasaje transplacentario fue 0,83. El título en los cordones fue igual a sus madres en el 54%, menor en el 37% y mayor solo en el 8%.Conclusiones. Los títulos de anticuerpos anti-Bordetella en las puérperas fueron significativamente menores que en las donantes. Las madres y los cordones presentaron títulos < 80 en el 30% y el 44%, respectivamente. Estos datos podrían explicar las altas tasas de ataque en lactantes pequeños que no han completado su esquema de vacunación.


Assuntos
Feminino , Coqueluche/prevenção & controle , Coqueluche
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 112(4): 315-322, ago. 2014. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-131712

RESUMO

La coqueluche es una enfermedad inmunopreve-nible que afecta a todas las edades. Los adultos jóvenes que han perdido su inmunidad contra pertussis son una importante fuente de infección para los lactantes. Ante el aumento sostenido de casos de coqueluche, se plantean nuevas estrategias de prevención.Objetivo. Evaluar la seroprevalencia de coqueluche en donantes de sangre adultos, puérperas y cordones.Métodos. Determinación de títulos de anticuerpos totales anti-Bordetella spp (Bordetella) mediante el ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas. Se evaluaron sueros de 103 donantes, 101 puérperas y 100 cordones. Los títulos < 80 fueron considerados de bajo impacto contra la enfermedad. El pasaje transplacentario de anticuerpos fue evaluado como la relación en los títulos de anticuerpos en cordones/madres. Resultados. Media de edad de los donantes: 28 ± 6 años. Mediana títulos anti-Bordetella: 320; rango intercuartil: 160-320 (RIC); 10% presentaron títulos < 80. Media de edad de las puérperas: 26 ± 6 años. Mediana títulos anti-Bordetella: 160 (RIC: 80320), títulos significativamente menores que las mujeres donantes (p= 0,00002). El 30% de las puérperas presentaron títulos < 80. Mediana anti-Bordetella cordones: 160 (RIC: 80160). Los cordones presentaron títulos < 80 más frecuentemente que sus madres (44% vs. 30%, p= 0,04). El pasaje transplacentario fue 0,83. El título en los cordones fue igual a sus madres en el 54%, menor en el 37% y mayor solo en el 8%.Conclusiones. Los títulos de anticuerpos anti-Bordetella en las puérperas fueron significativamente menores que en las donantes. Las madres y los cordones presentaron títulos < 80 en el 30% y el 44%, respectivamente. Estos datos podrían explicar las altas tasas de ataque en lactantes pequeños que no han completado su esquema de vacunación.(AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Coqueluche , Coqueluche/prevenção & controle
9.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 112(4): 315-22, 2014 08.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24955901

RESUMO

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that affects people of all ages. Young adults who have lost their immunity to pertussis are the major source of infection in infants. Given the steady increase of pertussis cases, new prevention strategies are required. Objective. To assess pertussis seroprevalence in adult blood donors, post-partum women, and umbilical cords. Metod. Measurement of total titers of anti-Bordetella spp. (Bordetella) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples from 103 donors, 101 post-partum women and 100 umbilical cords were analyzed. Titers <80 were considered of low impact against the disease. The assessment included transplacental transfer of antibodies and the umbilical cord/maternal ratio of antibody titers. Results. Donors mean age was: 28 ± 6 years old. Mediananti-Bordetella titers: 320; interquartile range (IQR):160-320; 10% had titers <80. Post-partum women mean age was: 26 ± 6 years old. Median anti-Bordetella titers:160 (IQR:80-320), with titers significantly lower than in female donors (p= 0.00002). Titers <80 were found in 30% of post-partum women. Median anti-Bordetella titers in umbilical cords: 160 (IQR: 80-160). Titers <80 were more frequently found in umbilical cords than in mothers (44% versus 30%, p= 0.04). Transplacental transfer was 0.83. Umbilical cord titers were equal to maternal titers in 54% of cases, lower in 37%, and higher only in 8%. Conclusion. Titers of anti-Bordetella antibodies in post-partum women were significantly lower than in female blood donors. Titers <80 were found in 30% of post-partum women and 44% of umbilical cords. These data may account for the high rates of pertussis in young infants who have not yet completed their vaccination schedule.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Bordetella pertussis/imunologia , Coqueluche/sangue , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Sangue Fetal , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto Jovem
10.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 112(4): 315-22, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-133526

RESUMO

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that affects people of all ages. Young adults who have lost their immunity to pertussis are the major source of infection in infants. Given the steady increase of pertussis cases, new prevention strategies are required. Objective. To assess pertussis seroprevalence in adult blood donors, post-partum women, and umbilical cords. Metod. Measurement of total titers of anti-Bordetella spp. (Bordetella) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples from 103 donors, 101 post-partum women and 100 umbilical cords were analyzed. Titers <80 were considered of low impact against the disease. The assessment included transplacental transfer of antibodies and the umbilical cord/maternal ratio of antibody titers. Results. Donors mean age was: 28 ± 6 years old. Mediananti-Bordetella titers: 320; interquartile range (IQR):160-320; 10


had titers <80. Post-partum women mean age was: 26 ± 6 years old. Median anti-Bordetella titers:160 (IQR:80-320), with titers significantly lower than in female donors (p= 0.00002). Titers <80 were found in 30


of post-partum women. Median anti-Bordetella titers in umbilical cords: 160 (IQR: 80-160). Titers <80 were more frequently found in umbilical cords than in mothers (44


versus 30


, p= 0.04). Transplacental transfer was 0.83. Umbilical cord titers were equal to maternal titers in 54


of cases, lower in 37


, and higher only in 8


. Conclusion. Titers of anti-Bordetella antibodies in post-partum women were significantly lower than in female blood donors. Titers <80 were found in 30


of post-partum women and 44


of umbilical cords. These data may account for the high rates of pertussis in young infants who have not yet completed their vaccination schedule.

11.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 31(7): 781-3, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22466323

RESUMO

In May 2009, the onset of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) began in Buenos Aires schools and a containment program was implemented. We report the first 191 school-aged cases. Influenza (H1N1) was a mild disease in children. Oseltamivir was well tolerated and resulted in a significantly reduced duration of symptoms in this group. Oseltamivir was also effective at preventing secondary cases.


Assuntos
Características da Família , Saúde da Família , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Influenza Humana/patologia , Oseltamivir/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Oseltamivir/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 109(2): 150-4, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21465074

RESUMO

Primary meningococcal arthritis is an extremely uncommon type of invasive meningococcal disease, with an incidence of 1.5- 1.8% of all paediatric cases of pyogenic arthritis. It is defined as the presence of acute septic arthritis without association with meningitis or the classic meningococcaemia, and isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in synovial fluid and/or blood culture. Typically monoarticular, mostly affects large joints. Prognosis is excellent with appropriated treatment. The aim of this study is to report 9 cases of primary meningococcal arthritis, evaluated at Hospital de Niños "Dr. R. Gutiérrez" in a period of 3 years, and to discuss clinical and epidemiologic issues.


Assuntos
Artrite/microbiologia , Infecções Meningocócicas , Artrite/diagnóstico , Artrite/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Infecções Meningocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Meningocócicas/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 109(2): 150-154, abr. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-589520

RESUMO

La artritis meningocócica primaria es una forma rara de presentación de la enfermedad invasiva por meningococo. Se define como la presencia de artritis séptica aguda sin asociación con meningitis, ni clínica de meningococemia, y con aislamiento de Neisseria meningitidis en líquido articular o sangre. La incidencia comunicada en pediatría es del 1,5 -1,8 por ciento de lasartritis piógenas. Generalmente presenta compromiso monoarticular y de grandes articulaciones. La respuesta es excelente con tratamiento antibiótico adecuado. Nuestro objetivo es comunicar 9 casos de artritis meningocócica primaria registrados en el Hospital de Niños Dr. R. Gutiérrez, en un período de 3 años y discutir los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos.


Primary meningococcal arthritis is an extremely uncommon type of invasive meningoccal disease, with an incidence of 1.5- 1.8% of all paediatric cases of pyogenic arthritis. It is defined as the presence of acute septic arthritis without association with meningitis or the classic meningococcaemia, and isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in synovial fluid and/or blood culture. Typically monoarticular, mostly affects large joints. Prognosis is excellent with appropriated treatment. The aim of this study is to report 9 cases of primary meningococcal arthritis, evaluated at Hospital de Niños "Dr. R. Gutiérrez" in a period of 3 years, and to discuss clinical and epidemiologic issues.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Artrite Infecciosa/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neisseria meningitidis , Pediatria , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
14.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 109(2): 150-154, abr. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-125824

RESUMO

La artritis meningocócica primaria es una forma rara de presentación de la enfermedad invasiva por meningococo. Se define como la presencia de artritis séptica aguda sin asociación con meningitis, ni clínica de meningococemia, y con aislamiento de Neisseria meningitidis en líquido articular o sangre. La incidencia comunicada en pediatría es del 1,5 -1,8 por ciento de lasartritis piógenas. Generalmente presenta compromiso monoarticular y de grandes articulaciones. La respuesta es excelente con tratamiento antibiótico adecuado. Nuestro objetivo es comunicar 9 casos de artritis meningocócica primaria registrados en el Hospital de Niños Dr. R. Gutiérrez, en un período de 3 años y discutir los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos.(AU)


Primary meningococcal arthritis is an extremely uncommon type of invasive meningoccal disease, with an incidence of 1.5- 1.8% of all paediatric cases of pyogenic arthritis. It is defined as the presence of acute septic arthritis without association with meningitis or the classic meningococcaemia, and isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in synovial fluid and/or blood culture. Typically monoarticular, mostly affects large joints. Prognosis is excellent with appropriated treatment. The aim of this study is to report 9 cases of primary meningococcal arthritis, evaluated at Hospital de Niños "Dr. R. Gutiérrez" in a period of 3 years, and to discuss clinical and epidemiologic issues.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Neisseria meningitidis , Pediatria , Artrite Infecciosa/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
15.
Int J Infect Dis ; 9(2): 96-103, 2005 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15708325

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: AIDS patients are at increased risk of developing concurrent infections with viral, parasitic, fungal or mycobacterial organisms. They can present constitutional symptoms of fever and weight loss, either due to infections or an underlying lymphoma which may coexist. CASE REPORT: A child with HIV-AIDS and mild encephalopathy is reported, who during the course of a confirmed disseminated mycobacterial disease developed neurological impairment. Post-mortem examination revealed disseminated BCG infection and Epstein-Barr associated primary CNS lymphoma. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) presence was assessed by LMP-1 protein labelling by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation (ISH) for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. CONCLUSIONS: BCG vaccination among HIV-1 infected children leads to the risk of disseminated BCG infection. BCG immunization programmes should be reconsidered for children at risk of HIV infection, because the risk of delayed complications is independent of the immunological status at the time of the vaccination. Only isolated cases of primary CNS lymphoma occurring in HIV-infected children have been reported, and a striking association with EBV infection has been demonstrated.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Vacina BCG/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/etiologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/etiologia , Tuberculose/etiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS , Pré-Escolar , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos
16.
Pathol Res Pract ; 198(5): 327-32, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12092768

RESUMO

The relationship between Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and the human host is commonly benign, whereas the development of malignancy is most likely due to imbalance between the virus and host's immune system. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of EBV with pediatric lymphomas in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Four consecutive patients with a histological and clinical diagnosis of lymphomas among 351 pediatric HIV-infected children prospectively followed up at our hospital since 1991 were studied. The cases included one diffuse fibrosis lymphocyte depletion subtype Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2 Burkitt's lymphomas, and one primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system. We assessed EBV presence by LMP-1 protein labeling by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for EBERs in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies from all four cases. All HIV-associated lymphomas studied were found to be associated with EBV. The lymphoproliferative action of EBV may induce oncogenesis by increasing the probability of genetic alterations and/or by expanding an already malignant clone. As an oncogenic protein, LMP-1 expression by tumor cells supports the involvement of EBV in disease pathogenesis.


Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/virologia , Proteínas Ribossômicas , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Proteínas de Transporte/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/patologia , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/patogenicidade , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/imunologia , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imunofenotipagem , Hibridização In Situ , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Proteínas com Domínio LIM , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/classificação , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/imunologia , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/patologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/análise
17.
Int J Infect Dis ; 6(1): 9-16, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12044295

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Argentina has the sixth largest number of cumulative pediatric cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Americas; therefore, this study was designed to characterize human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in children in Buenos Aires, Argentina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 389 children at risk and infected with HIV-1, an urban population followed by the AIDS Reference Center at the Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez" of Buenos Aires, from February 1990 to June 1997, were retrospectively reviewed. Mother-infant pairs were analyzed according to clinical and epidemiologic patterns. RESULTS: Perinatal transmission occurred in 94.9% of the 389 cases classified as seroreverter (n=104, 26.7%), exposed (n=64, 16.4%), asymptomatic (n=13, 3.4%), and symptomatic patients (n=208, 53.5%); 132 patients met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for AIDS. The main maternal risk factor was sexual transmission 58.9% (73.4% of their sexual partners were injection drug users [IDU]). Among the AIDS patients, the most common AIDS-defining condition and death-related disease were severe bacterial infection and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, respectively. Death occurred in 51 of 221 HIV-infected children. Low CD4 was related to death (P < 0.001). Mortality was estimated for two periods: January 1990 to December 1995 (G1) and January 1996 to May 1997 (G2). In G1, 37 of 127 (29.1%) died compared with 14 of 154 (9.1%) in G2 (P=0.001). The median age of death was 10 months for G1 and 29 months for G2 (P=0.01). The 3-year survival rate was 72% for G1 and 87% for G2 (log rank P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous drug use is the leading risk factor among parents of children exposed to HIV. Infant mortality was related to age less than 12 months, low CD4 count, severe bacterial infection and P. carinii pneumonia. In this study, P. carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and combined antiretroviral therapy routinely implemented since 1996 has demonstrated a trend toward increased survival rates (P=0.06) and a lower mortality rate (P=0.001).


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , HIV-1 , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/epidemiologia , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida
18.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 41(182): 83-87, jun. 1999. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-279372

RESUMO

En la mayoría de los casos, la infeccioón por HIV en los niños se debe a la transmisión vertical (madre-hijo). Debido a la imposibilidad de realizar un diagnóstico serológico de infección por HIV en los niños <18 meses, efectuamos un estudio prospectivo para evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la técnica PCR y antígeno p24, en 24 niños <18 meses. Se realizó la amplificación in vitro del gen nef HIV-1 a partir del ADN proviral de células mononucleares. En un grupo de pacientes con infección confirmada, observamos una sensibilidad de 91,67 por ciento para la PCR y de 48,55 por ciento para el antígeno p24 en 12 y 35 pacientes, respectivamente. En 14 de los 24 pacientes <18 meses se confirmó la infección por HIV con una sensibilidad de 92,85 por ciento para PCR y 84,61 por ciento para el antígeno p24. Un 50 por ciento (7/14) de estos pacientes presentaron una enfermedad marcada de SIDA con una edad media de presentación de 6.1 m. En 4 de los 7 pacientes, la presentación clínica coincidió con la fecha de la primera muestra virológica. En los 10 pacientes restantes <18 meses, la infección fue descartada, se observó un 100 por ciento de especificidad y sensibilidad para PCR y antígeno p24. Los métodos de detección viral del HIV permiten un diagnóstico temprano en hijos de madres HIV positivas, y debido a la alta sensibilidad y especificidad de la PCR, consideramos que es una herramienta diagnóstica de gran utilidad, que debería ser usada en este grupo de pacientes.


Assuntos
HIV , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Pediatria , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
19.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 41(182): 83-87, jun. 1999. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-11090

RESUMO

En la mayoría de los casos, la infeccioón por HIV en los niños se debe a la transmisión vertical (madre-hijo). Debido a la imposibilidad de realizar un diagnóstico serológico de infección por HIV en los niños <18 meses, efectuamos un estudio prospectivo para evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la técnica PCR y antígeno p24, en 24 niños <18 meses. Se realizó la amplificación in vitro del gen nef HIV-1 a partir del ADN proviral de células mononucleares. En un grupo de pacientes con infección confirmada, observamos una sensibilidad de 91,67 por ciento para la PCR y de 48,55 por ciento para el antígeno p24 en 12 y 35 pacientes, respectivamente. En 14 de los 24 pacientes <18 meses se confirmó la infección por HIV con una sensibilidad de 92,85 por ciento para PCR y 84,61 por ciento para el antígeno p24. Un 50 por ciento (7/14) de estos pacientes presentaron una enfermedad marcada de SIDA con una edad media de presentación de 6.1 m. En 4 de los 7 pacientes, la presentación clínica coincidió con la fecha de la primera muestra virológica. En los 10 pacientes restantes <18 meses, la infección fue descartada, se observó un 100 por ciento de especificidad y sensibilidad para PCR y antígeno p24. Los métodos de detección viral del HIV permiten un diagnóstico temprano en hijos de madres HIV positivas, y debido a la alta sensibilidad y especificidad de la PCR, consideramos que es una herramienta diagnóstica de gran utilidad, que debería ser usada en este grupo de pacientes.(AU)


Assuntos
HIV , Pediatria , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Proteína do Núcleo p24 do HIV
20.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 92(5): 271-6, oct. 1994. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-258435

RESUMO

Introducción.El empleo racional de antibióticos es un elemento fundamental en un programa de control de infecciones.Para evaluar se uso se diseñó un estudio epidemiológico.Material y Métodos.Se efectuó un estudio de corte el día 21/8/91,encuestándose a todos los pacientes internados en el hospital.Los datos fueron recogidos por un grupo capacitado para tal fin y se procesaron mediante el programa EPI-INFO.Conclusiones.Este estudio permitió realizar evaluaciones periódicas generales,obteniéndose una mayor efectividad terapeútica y reducción de costos


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Hospitais Pediátricos , Pediatria
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