[Mass spectrography analysis of differential proteome in childhood TEL/AML1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

The study was aimed to establish differential proteomic expression analysis of two dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrography, and to further explore the mechanisms of nosogenesis in childhood TEL/AML1(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. On the basis of initial leukocyte count and prognostic factors, patients enrolled in this study were divided into three risk groups (early relapse, high leukocyte count and standard risk groups). The proteins of leukemic cells from patients at diagnosis were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Spot detection, quantification and alignment were performed with the PDQuest 7.3.0 image analysis software. Differentially expressed spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry for peptide mass finger (PMF) data. The results showed that the significant difference of protein expression profile existed in 3 groups of childhood TEL/AML1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Compared with the high leukocyte count and standard risk groups, 71 protein spots disappeared; 93 new protein spots were found; 37 protein spot expressions were up-regulated; 23 protein spots were down-regulated in early relapse group. Compared the high leukocyte count group, 6 protein spots disappeared, 56 new protein spots were found, 7 protein spot expression were up-regulated, 19 protein spot expressions were down-regulated in standard risk group. The identification of 40 differential protein spots by using mass spectrometry revealed some proteins in 3 groups such as tropomyosin, lactotransferrin, lactate dehydrogenase A, CRMP1 protein, alphaenolase, AKR1B1, calnexin precursor, heat shock protein (HSP86/HSP89/HSP90), annexin VI, G22P1 and so on. Among them the HSP86/HSP89/HSP90 highly expressed only in early reapse group, the lactotransferrin, alphenolase and G22P1 expressions were up-regulated in early relapse group. It is concluded that the protein expression in early relapse group is significant different from the others. Some proteins may be further used in research on leukemia mechanisms. In addition, these analyses may promote the identification of new targets for individualized treatment approaches.

[Analysis of cells in Tel/aml-1 positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis].

This study was aimed to establish the protein expression profile of tel/aml-1+ childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with different prognoses by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and explore the nosogenesis of tel/aml-1+ ALL childhood. On the basis of leukocyte count at new diagnosis, early reaction to therapy and clinical prognosis, the patients with tel/aml-1+ ALL were divided into 3 groups: early relapse group, high leukocyte count group and standard risk group. The bone marrow was taken from newly diagnosed patients for isolating protein, then the protein in leukemia cells was isolated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the image analysis of differential protein among 3 groups was carried out by using the PDQuest 7.3.0 image analysis software. The results showed that there were significant difference of protein expression profile among 3 groups. As compared with high leukocyte count and standard risk groups, 71 protein spots disappeared, 93 new protein spots appeared, the expression of 37 protein spots was up-regulated and the expression of 23 protein spots was down-regulated in early relapse group. As compared with high leukocyte count group, 6 protein spots disappeared, 56 new protein spots appeared, the expression of 7 protein spots was up-regulated, and expression of 19 protein spots was down-regulated in standard risk group. It is concluded that the protein expression profile in early relapse group is significantly different from other groups. Some proteins may play an important role in pathogenesis of childhood tel/aml-1+ ALL, and probably become new molecular indicators and targets for individualized treatment.

[The changes in chloroplast proteome caused by different nuclear background in cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) of wheat].

Comparative studies of chloroplast proteome on different developmental stage (seeding, tillering, shooting, booting stage) of leaves have been made in isoplamic allonuclear male-sterile lines Nongda 3237A, Xiaoyan No.6 A and their maintainer lines by 2D-PAGE. The results indicated that no obvious differences were found in chloroplast proteome between Nongda 3237A, Nongda 3237B, Xiaoyan No.6A, Xiaoyan No.6B at different developmental stages of leaves. Differences were found just at booting stage in Xiaoyan No.6A and its maintainer lines. Obvious differences, however, were observed in chloroplast proteome between isoplasmic allonuclear male-sterile lines Nongda 3237A and Xiaoyan No.6A. For instance,2 protein spots (pl5.4/34kDa, pl5.4/32kDa) at seedling stage,6 protein spots (pl5.4/80kDa, pl5.4/65kDa, pl5.4/60kDa, pl5.4/48kDa, pI5.4/40kDa, pI5.4/35kDa) at booting stage were present in Xiaoyan No.6A and absent in Nongda 3237A. pl6.3/18kDa was present at seedling stage in Nongda 3237A and absent in Xiaoyan No. 6A. pI6.8/28kDa protein spot revealed the developmental changes. It was present in leaves at seedling, tillering, shooting stages and absent at flowering stage in Nongda 3237A. No development changes of the protein spot were observed in Xiaoyan No.6A. These experiment results demonstrated that it was possible chloroplast proteome wasn't relative to the cytoplasmic male-sterile characteristics. But nuclear background in male -sterile lines can obviously affect chloroplast protein composition. Distant relative on nuclear-cytoplasmic has larger differences on chloroplast proteome than close relative on nuclear-cytoplasmic in CMS.

Copper deficiency in yaks on pasture in western China.

The clinical signs of a disorder in yaks (Bos grunniens), known locally as "swayback ailment," in the Qing Hai-Tibetan Plateau are described. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility that swayback ailment is iron (Fe)-induced copper (Cu) deficiency. The mean concentrations of Cu in soil and forage from affected areas and unaffected areas are similar and within the normal ranges. The mean concentrations of Cu in blood and hair from the affected yaks was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that in unaffected yaks. The mean concentrations of Fe in soil and forage were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in affected than in unaffected areas. Affected yaks showed a hypochromic microcytic anemia and a low level of ceruloplasmin. Oral administration of copper sulphate prevented and cured the disease. We conclude that "swayback disorder" of yaks is caused by secondary Cu deficiency, mainly due to the high Fe content in forage.

[Comparative studies on proteins of cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat and its maintainer by 2D-PAGE in Triticum aestivum].

By using 2D-PAGE techniques, protein compositions have been studied at different developmental stage leaf (seedling, tillering, shooting and booting stages) and pollen mother cells (PMC) (meiotic, 1-nucleus and 2-3 nuclei stages) in male sterile wheat and its maintainer. The results indicated that a specific protein (33KD/pI6.3) identified at the shooting and booting stage leaves in male-sterile wheat, but this protein species has not been identified in the male fertile wheat. Four protein species, 53KD/PI5.5, 50KD/PI5.7, 48KD/PI5.6, 20KD/PI7.5 were detected at the 2-3 nuclei stages, which was thought key stage of pollen fertility lost in male-sterile wheat, and these protein species were not be seen in male-fertile wheat. According above experiment results, five protein species which detected in leaf and PMC might participate in fertility regulation and related to the male-sterility of male-sterile wheat.