[Rate and characteristics of H-type hypertension in Chinese hypertensive population and comparison with American population].

OBJECTIVE: To study the rate and characteristics of H-type hypertension in Chinese hypertensive population, and to compare them with the relevant data from the United States. METHODS: Observational studies on the prevalence of H-type hypertension in Chinese population published before April 30, 2022 were searched in several Chinese and English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Databases, and Chinese Biome-dical Literature Database). Study selection, date extraction and quality evaluation were conducted. Random effect model was used to estimate the rate of H-type hypertension in hypertensive patients and the pooled prevalence of H-type hypertension. Stratified analysis was used to explore the distribution characteristics of H-type hypertension in China. We made meta-regression to search the source of heterogeneity. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population from 1999 to 2006 in the United States was divided into four stages according to the time of data collection. Basic information of the participants was acquired from the database and the rate and prevalence of H-type hypertension analyzed. RESULTS: This study was finally comprised of 33 studies, involving 78 470 patients with hypertension, among whom 59 842 patients were with H-type hypertension. The rate of H-type hypertension in hypertensive population in China was 73.1% (95%CI: 69.3%-76.9%, I2=99.4%, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of H-type hypertension in general population was 26.9% (95%CI: 21.1%-32.8%, I2=99.8%, P < 0.001). In the stratified analysis, the rate of H-type hypertension was higher among the elderly over 65 years, males, ethnic minorities, and residents in the inland, western, northern, and rural areas. During the decade from 2011 to 2020, the rate of H-type hypertension in China declined slowly (2011-2013: 79.2% vs. 2014-2016: 70.4% vs. 2017-2020: 66.6%, P < 0.001). Meta-regression showed that area was the source of heterogeneity. The rate of H-type hypertension in the United States increased over time, reaching a high value in 2003-2004 and then declining in 2005-2006. The rate of H-type hypertension in hypertensive patients and the prevalence of H-type hypertension in general population in the United States was lower than that in China. CONCLUSION: Although the rate of H-type hypertension in Chinese hypertensive patients has a downtrend, it still far exceeds that in the United States, especially in the elderly, males, ethnic minorities, and residents in the inland, western, northern, and rural areas. Understanding the epidemiology of H-type hypertension provides scientific evidence for further prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

[Association of peripheral and central systolic blood pressure with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in a community-based population in Beijing].

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of both peripheral and central systolic blood pressure (pSBP and cSBP) with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in a community-based population in Beijing. Methods: A total of 3 479 Chinese subjects with questionnaire, UACR, pSBP, and cSBP data available were included from an atherosclerosis cohort of Peking University First Hospital in Shijingshan District, Beijing followed up from April to July in 2014. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the effect of pSBP and cSBP on lnUACR, and further tests for interactions were performed according to associated covariates. Results: Subjects were (59.0±8.6) years old, 36.2% (n=1 260) were male, 46.0% (n=1 595) had hypertension, and 20.2% (n=700) had diabetes. The pSBP and cSBP was (126.9 ± 16.4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and (136.3 ± 16.7) mmHg, respectively. P(50) (P(25)-P(75)) of UACR was 6.2 (4.2-11.1) mg/g. Both pSBP and cSBP were linearly associated with lnUACR adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, fasting glucose, creatinine, history of cardiovascular disease, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic agents (every 10 mmHg increase for pSBP: ß=0.12, 95%CI: 0.10-0.15, P<0.001; for cSBP: ß=0.11, 95%CI: 0.09-0.14, P< 0.001). The relationships were remained in subgroups such as non-hypertension group, non-diabetes group, normal UACR group, and 3-combination group (every 10 mmHg increase for pSBP: ß=0.09, 95%CI: 0.05-0.13; ß=0.12, 95%CI: 0.10-0.15; ß=0.07, 95%CI: 0.06-0.09; ß=0.08, 95%CI: 0.05-0.12. for cSBP: ß=0.07, 95%CI: 0.04-0.11; ß=0.11, 95%CI: 0.08-0.13; ß=0.07, 95%CI: 0.05-0.08; ß=0.06, 95%CI: 0.03-0.09, all P<0.001). Furthermore, analyses for interaction found that both pSBP and cSBP were more strongly associated with lnUACR in males, current smokers and subjects with high serum creatinine level (≥87 µmol/L) when compared with females, non-current smokers and subjects with low serum creatinine level (<87 µmol/L), respectively (all P for interaction<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that both pSBP and cSBP were independently associated with UACR in this Chinese community-based population even in low risk population suggesting well-controlled both peripheral and central blood pressure may reduce urinary albumin. Males, current smokers and subjects with higher serum creatinine should pay more attention to the impacts of pSBP and cSBP on UACR.

Mapping quantitative trait loci for five forage quality traits in a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid.

The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting forage quality traits enables an understanding of the genetic mechanism of these loci. The aim of the present study was to detect QTLs for the whole-plant protein content (WP), whole-plant fat content (WF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and whole-plant ash content (WA) using a population of 184 F2 individuals from a cross between sorghum Tx623A and sudangrass Sa. Correlation analysis was performed between the five forage quality traits. WP was found to be positively correlated with WF, NDF, and ADF. Furthermore, NDF was positively correlated with ADF but negatively correlated with WA. A genetic map with 124 SSR markers was constructed for QTL mapping. A total of 12 QTLs associated with the five forage quality traits were detected. Of these QTLs, qNDF3, qNDF8, and qADF8 explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation. Additionally, although all of the QTLs exhibited additive and dominant effects, they mainly exhibited dominant effects. Our results provide important information for marker-assisted selection breeding of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids.

QTL mapping of forage yield and forage yield component traits in Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense.

The sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense) is an important forage crop. However, little is known about the genetic mechanisms related to forage yield and the 4 forage yield component traits in this forage crop. In this study, a linkage map was constructed with 124 assigned SSR markers using an F2 mapping population derived from the crossing of sorghum Tx623A and sudangrass Sa. Nine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for forage yield and the 4 forage yield component traits using inclusive composite interval mapping. Five fresh weight QTLs were identified and contributed >50% of the total phenotypic variance. Of these QTLs, all showed additive and dominant effects, but most exhibited mainly dominant effects. These results will provide useful information for improvements in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid breeding.

Nodule infection by bean yellow mosaic virus in Phaseolus vulgaris.

Infection of root nodules of beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., by bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and the effect of the disease on the specific activity of the nodule are reported. Infectivity and serological microprecipitin assays with two sources of BYMV antiserum demonstrated that nodules from bean plants whose leaves had been inoculated with BYMV contain BYMV antigen. The disease reduced the fresh weights of tops, roots, and root nodules and induced premature nodule decay and/or nodule drop. The disease also reduced leghemoglobin content, on a plant weight basis, and N2 fixation rate, on an individual plant basis, as measured by the acetylene reduction assay. The increased leghemoglobin content per gram-nodule in BYMV-infected nodules relative to healthy nodules might be associated with multiplication of the virus in the nodule and/or unknown cellular effects derived from the BYMV-Rhizobium interaction.

[Phagocytic function of the macrophages in leukemic animals]. / Fagotsitna funksiia na makrofagite pri levkozni zhivotni

The author carried out studies on 292 mice with transplantation leucosis. It was established that after alogenic transplantated leucosis the phagocytosis and digestion of the phaged objects by the peritoneal macrophages were enhanced. This effect lacked under syngenic conditions. The peritoneal cells of leucemic animals had higher phagocytosis of the purified peritoneal macrophages.

Zinc: a trace element essential in vitamin A metabolism.

Zinc is necessary to maintain normal concentrations of vitamin A in plasma. By using animals deficient in both zinc and vitamin A, it was demonstrated that zinc is necessary for normal mobilization of vitamin A from the liver. These results suggest that cases of depressed vitamin A in plasma, unresponsive to vitamin A therapy, may respond to zinc supplementation.