Nomogram Predicts Prognostic Factors for Head and Neck Cutaneous Melanoma: A Population-Based Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The head and neck cutaneous melanoma (HNCM) accounts for 20% of newly diagnosed melanoma. Research on prognostic models for their survival yet remains largely unexplored. This study employed a nomogram approach to develop and validate a predictive model for both overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with HNCM. METHODS: This study analyzed the HNCM patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 from SEER database. To identify independent prognostic factors for HNCM, we integrated results from univariate Cox regression analysis, random survival forests, and LASSO regression with cross-validation. A nomogram was designed and validated based on the identified characteristics to predict the 3-, 5-, and 8-year OS and DSS of patients with HNCM. RESULTS: Age, Stage, Ulceration, Thickness, Chemotherapy, LN_Metastasis, Radiation were identified as independent prognostic factors. The nomogram achieved a satisfactory performance with C-indices of 0.824(DSS) and 0.757(OS) in the training cohort and 0.827(DSS) and 0.749(OS) in the validation cohort, respectively. The AUC for the OS at 3-, 5-, and 8- years were 0.789, 0.788, and 0.794 for the training cohort, and 0.778, 0.776, and 0.795 for the validation cohort, respectively. For DSS, the AUC at 3-, 5-, and 8- years were 0.859, 0.842, and 0.828 in the training cohort, and 0.864, 0.844, and 0.834 in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve showed that there was a strong correlation between the observed outcomes and the predicted survival probability. CONCLUSION: This study established and validated predictive nomograms for HNCM patients with robust predictive performance.

Association between duration of antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder and relapse rate after discontinuation: A meta-analysis.

The optimal duration of antidepressant treatment for patients with major depressive disorder to reduce the risk of relapse after discontinuation remains uncertain. Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a discontinuation design. A single-group summary meta-analysis was performed to calculate 6-month relapse rates after discontinuation. Meta-regression with restricted cubic splines was performed to model the non-linear relationship between treatment duration and relapse rate after discontinuation. Thirty-five RCTs were included. The relapse rate after discontinuation was approximately 34.81 % at 6 months and 45.12 % at 12 months. After controlling for covariates, the meta-analysis shows that the duration of treatment is associated with the risk of relapse after discontinuation in a non-linear curve, with a relatively higher risk of relapse observed for a duration of less than three months. There appears to be no further reduction in the risk of relapse when treatment is continued for over six months. Our results indicate the importance of at least three months of treatment to avoid the relatively high risk of relapse after discontinuation. The additional benefit of longer treatment remains to be proven.

An association study of m6A methylation with major depressive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To find the relationship between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) genes and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). METHODS: Differential expression of m6A associated genes between normal and MDD samples was initially identified. Subsequent analysis was conducted on the functions of these genes and the pathways they may affect. A diagnostic model was constructed using the expression matrix of these differential genes, and visualized using a nomogram. Simultaneously, an unsupervised classification method was employed to classify all patients based on the expression of these m6A associated genes. Following this, common differential genes among different clusters were computed. By analyzing the functions of the common differential expressed genes among clusters, the role of m6A-related genes in the pathogenesis of MDD patients was elucidated. RESULTS: Differential expression was observed in ELAVL1 and YTHDC2 between the MDD group and the control group. ELAVL1 was associated with comorbid anxiety in MDD patients. A linear regression model based on these two genes could accurately predict whether patients in the GSE98793 dataset had MDD and could provide a net benefit for clinical decision-making. Based on the expression matrix of ELAVL1 and YTHDC2, MDD patients were classified into three clusters. Among these clusters, there were 937 common differential genes. Enrichment analysis was also performed on these genes. The ssGSEA method was applied to predict the content of 23 immune cells in the GSE98793 dataset samples. The relationship between these immune cells and ELAVL1, YTHDC2, and different clusters was analyzed. CONCLUSION: Among all the m6A genes, ELAVL1 and YTHDC2 are closely associated with MDD, ELAVL1 is related to comorbid anxiety in MDD. ELAVL1 and YTHDC2 have opposite associations with immune cells in MDD.

Establishment and validation of a multivariate logistic model for risk factors of thyroid nodules using lasso regression screening.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the association between the occurrence of thyroid nodules and various factors and to establish a risk factor model for thyroid nodules. Methods: The study population was divided into two groups: a group with thyroid nodules and a group without thyroid nodules. Regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) was applied to the complete dataset for variable selection. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between various influencing factors and the prevalence of thyroid nodules. Results: Based on the screening results of Lasso regression and the subsequent establishment of the Binary Logistic Regression Model on the training dataset, it was found that advanced age (OR=1.046, 95% CI: 1.033-1.060), females (OR = 1.709, 95% CI: 1.342-2.181), overweight individuals (OR = 1.546, 95% CI: 1.165-2.058), individuals with impaired fasting glucose (OR = 1.590, 95% CI: 1.193-2.122), and those with dyslipidemia (OR = 1.588, 95% CI: 1.197-2.112) were potential risk factors for thyroid nodule disease (p<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the Binary Logistic Regression Model is 0.68 (95% CI: 0.64-0.72). Conclusions: advanced age, females, overweight individuals, those with impaired fasting glucose, and individuals with dyslipidemia are potential risk factors for thyroid nodule disease.

Impact of caregiving on mental, self-rated, and physical health: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: Given the escalating demand for care services, understanding the impact of informal caregiving, providing unpaid care for family members, on own health is essential. This study longitudinally analyzed the association of caregiving (and different caregiver types) with mental, physical, and self-rated health. Urban-rural, gender, and employment heterogeneity were further investigated. METHOD: Based on three-wave data (2011, 2013, and 2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we used growth curve models to assess the impact of informal caregiving (providing care to family members) and caregiver types (caregivers to grandchildren, parents, spouses, or multiple family members) on three health outcomes (depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and activities of daily living limitations). RESULTS: Our study included 13,377 individuals. Results showed a negative correlation of caregiving with mental, physical, and self-rated health. Compared to noncaregivers, spousal caregivers and multiple caregivers were both associated with worsening mental, self-rated, and physical health. In contrast, adult child caregivers were only negatively associated with mental health, and grandparent caregiving did not significantly affect any health outcomes. Further heterogeneity analysis showed that gender did not moderate the relationship between caregiving and health, whereas the negative association between caregiving and health was more pronounced among the rural population and those employed in agriculture. DISCUSSION: Findings from the present study suggest that caregiving is detrimental to health, and recommend considering caregiver type when examining caregiving and health. These findings have vital implications for policymakers in addressing the challenges of structuring and implementing a sustainable informal care system.

Association Between Iodine Status and Prevalence of Hypothyroidism, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Thyroid Nodule: a Cross-Sectional Study in Shandong Province, China.

In this study, the aim was to investigate the correlation between varying levels of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in adults and the occurrence of thyroid diseases, with the additional objective of determining the optimal iodine status level for adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on adults from six areas with different drinking water iodine concentrations (WIC) without eating iodized salt in Heze and Jining counties, Shandong Province, China. A total of 1336 adults were included in this study, and drinking water samples, blood samples, urine samples, thyroid ultrasound, and a questionnaire were collected. UIC, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were detected. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) among the different median UIC groups (UIC < 100 µg/L, 100-199 µg/L, 200-299 µg/L, ≥ 300 µg/L). However, the detection rates of hypothyroidism were higher in the UIC < 100 µg/L group (16.67%) and the UIC ≥ 300 µg/L group (16.51%) compared to the other groups. The detection rate of TAI increased as UIC levels increased. The detection rate of thyroid nodule (TN) in the UIC < 100 µg/L group was significantly higher than that in the UIC 200-299 µg/L UIC group (χ2 = 10.814, P = 0.001). After adjusting confounding factors, it was found that low UIC (< 100 µg/L) was a risk factor for TN (OR 1.83, 95% CI [1.04-3.22]). Meanwhile, there no statistical difference between UIC 200 and 299 µg/L and UIC 100 and199 µg/L for OR of hypothyroidism, TAI, and TN. This study identified associations between different UIC levels and the prevalence of thyroid disorders, with low UIC (< 100 µg/L) posing a risk for TN, and the detection rate of TN and hypothyroidism was the lowest in UIC (200-299 µg/L) group. Therefore, the acceptable UIC range of 'adequate' iodine intake among adults can be widened from 100-199 µg/L to 100-299 µg/L.

The Impact of Informal Care on Healthcare Utilization of Older Adults with Functional Limitations in China.

Our study examines the impact of informal care on healthcare utilization, focusing on caregiver types, urban-rural, and gender differences. Analyzing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and using fixed effects models, we discovered complementary effects between informal care and healthcare. Specifically, spousal care increased inpatient care use, adult child care boosted both inpatient and outpatient use, and dual care from children and spouses showed the most significant impact on healthcare use. The association between informal care and healthcare use varied across gender or urban-rural residence. Our findings highlight the importance of caregivers in accessing healthcare services.

Influential factors of depression: The impact of harsh parenting, school support, and rumination.

Building on Beck's cognitive model of depression, this study examined the link between harsh parenting and adolescent depression via rumination. In addition, this study examined the moderating effect of school support. A survey of 4991 high school students in China was conducted utilizing the Harsh Parenting Scale, Rumination Responses Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results of this study unveiled a positive association between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. Furthermore, it was observed that rumination partially mediated the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. Notably, the results indicated that school support exerted a negative regulatory influence on the latter part of the mediation model, demonstrating that higher levels of school support effectively mitigated the adverse impact of rumination on depression. These findings highlight the crucial role of interventions targeted at reducing harsh parenting practices and bolstering school support in mitigating adolescent depression. By addressing these factors, we can make noteworthy progress in promoting the overall well-being and mental health of adolescents.

Treatment Effects of Acetazolamide on Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke significantly contributes to high mortality and disability rates. Cerebral edema is a common consequence of ischemic stroke and can lead to aggravation or even death. Current treatment strategies are limited to decompressive craniectomy and the intravascular administration of hypertonic drugs, which have significant side effects. Acetazolamide (ACZ) plays a therapeutic role in cerebral edema by inhibiting aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and improving collateral circulation. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of ACZ therapy for ischemic stroke and evaluate its efficacy in animal models. METHODS: We searched Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database until April 2023 for studies on ACZ in ischemic animal models. The quality of the animal trials was assessed using the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Stroke. RESULTS: After screening 376 articles, only 5 studies were included. We found that ACZ reduced brain edema in cerebral ischemia 24 hours after onset (standard mean difference, -2.00; 95% confidence interval, -3.57 to -0.43, P = 0.01). ACZ also inhibited AQP-4 expression 24 hours after onset (standard mean difference-1.46; 95% confidence interval, -2.01 to -0.91, P < 0.001). Brain edema and AQP-4 expression also showed a declining trend on the third day after onset, although there were not enough data to support this. The effect of ACZ on brain ischemia in animals' neurological function is uncertain because of the limited research data. CONCLUSIONS: ACZ inhibited AQP-4 and alleviated brain edema after ischemic stroke in the early stages but seemingly could not improve the neurological function.

Differential effects of size-specific particulate matter on frailty transitions among middle-aged and older adults in China: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 2015-2018.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of size-specific particulate matter (PM) on frailty transitions in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. METHODS: We included 13 910 participants ≥45 y of age from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for 2015 and 2018 who were classified into three categories in 2015 according to their frailty states: robust, prefrail and frail. Air quality data were obtained from the National Urban Air Quality Real-time Publishing Platform. A two-level logistic regression model was used to examine the association between concentrations of PM and frailty transitions. RESULTS: At baseline, the total number of robust, prefrail and frail participants were 7516 (54.0%), 4324 (31.1%) and 2070 (14.9%), respectively. Significant associations were found between PM concentrations and frailty transitions. For each 10 µg/m3 increase in the 3-y averaged 2.5-µm PM (PM2.5) concentrations, the risk of worsening in frailty increased in robust (odds ratio [OR] 1.06 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.01 to 1.12]) and prefrail (OR 1.07 [95% CI 1.01 to 1.13]) participants, while the probability of improvement in frailty in prefrail (OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.84 to 0.98]) participants decreased. In addition, the associations of PM10 and coarse fraction of PM with frailty transitions showed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM was associated with higher risks of worsening and lower risks of improvement in frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China.

A Cohort Study on the Effects of Maternal High Serum Iodine Status During Pregnancy on Infants in Terms of Iodine Status and Intellectual, Motor, and Physical Development.

The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of maternal iodine excess during pregnancy on infants' neurodevelopment and physical development. A total of 143 mother-child pairs were enrolled in this cohort study. Maternal blood samples were collected during the obstetric examination. A mother-child questionnaire survey was conducted, and infants' blood samples were collected during the newborn physical examination. Infants' single-spot urine samples were collected, and intellectual, motor, and physical development were assessed at 2 months of age. The median (IQR) maternal serum iodine concentrations (SICs) in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy were 91.2 (74.4, 102.2) µg/L, 81.2 (70.6, 94.8) µg/L, and 82.0 (68.9, 100.3) µg/L, respectively. In the first trimester of pregnancy, infants' psychomotor developmental index (PDI), body mass index (BMI) and weight-for-length Z score (WLZ) were higher with maternal suitable SIC (40 ~ 92 µg/L) than with maternal excess SIC (P < 0.05). Infants' PDI, BMI, weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) and WLZ were negatively correlated with maternal SIC (P < 0.05). Maternal excess SIC had a slightly negative effect on infants' MDI (OR = 1.304, P = 0.035, 95% CI = 1.019 ~ 1.668), PDI (OR = 1.124, P = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.052 ~ 1.200) and BMI (OR = 0.790, P = 0.005, 95% CI = 0.669 ~ 0.933). In the third trimester, infants' length-for-age Z score (LAZ) was higher with maternal high SIC (> 92 µg/L) (P = 0.015), and maternal SIC was positively correlated with infants' urine iodine concentration (UIC) (P = 0.026). Maternal iodine excess in the first trimester had a slightly negative effect on infants' intellectual, motor, and physical development. In the third trimester, maternal iodine excess only may have a positive impact on infants' height. Additionally, maternal iodine status was closely related to infants' iodine status.

Impact of long-term care insurance on health inequality in older adults in China based on the concentration index approach.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that social security would reduce health inequalities. However, little was known about the relationship between long-term care insurance and health inequality. We aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term care insurance on health status and health inequality in older adults using a nationally representative cohort. METHODS: Based on four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018), we used the staggered difference in difference (DID) design with the order probit regression models and the concentration index approach as well as decomposition analysis to assess the contribution of long-term care insurance towards residents' health status and health inequality in older adults aged ≥65 y. We further used the semi-parametric DID model for robustness testing. RESULTS: Long-term care insurance demonstrated its role, improving self-assessed health in the study population (ßcoefficient: 0.090, 95% CI 0.087 to 0.092, p<0.001). The estimation results of the semi-parametric DID were consistent with those of the staggered DID. The income-related health concentration index was 0.0005, having a contribution rate of 1.639% to health inequality in older adults. Decomposition analysis revealed that different policies and residential areas were more influential on the observed health inequalities. CONCLUSIONS: The findings implied that long-term care insurance has widened the health inequality while improving health status in older adults. Additional investment in more comprehensive insurance coverage and increased accessibility to enhance implementation of long-term care insurance is warranted to close the gap.

General Self-Efficacy in Association With Insomnia Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Community-Based Population.

Previous studies supported the association between insomnia symptoms and suicidal ideation in patients with mental or psychological diseases. This study aimed to examine the associations between insomnia symptoms, general self-efficacy, and suicidal ideation among community-based adult population. Standardized questionnaire was distributed to 2051 community-dwelling adults in Lishui district of Jiangsu Province in China, to assess their socio-demographics, insomnia symptoms, general self-efficacy, and suicidal ideation. Multiple binary logistic regression or linear regression and mediation analysis with bootstrap resampling method were performed. Results showed that the weighted prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation was 6.38%. Insomnia symptom was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation after adjusting for sociodemographics and mental health status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.85, and the OR of insomnia symptom with suicidal ideation decreased but remained significant after additionally adjusting for general self-efficacy (OR = 2.62). Participants with insomnia symptom were also significantly associated with lower general self-efficacy (ß = -0.96), whereas higher general self-efficacy was associated with a lower odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 0.92). In conclusion, general self-efficacy was associated with both insomnia symptom and suicidal ideation among the community-dwelling adult population.

Associations between tea-drinking habits and health-related quality of life in Chinese adults: a mediation analysis based on sleep quality.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the association between tea-drinking habits and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese adults and the mediating effect of sleep quality in this association. METHODS: Data were derived from the 2020 Survey of Social Factors for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control among adults in Lishui District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Tea-drinking habits were measured by participants' self-report. The HRQoL was measured using the 12-item Short Form Health Survey. Multiple linear regression modelling and mediating effects modelling were used for analyses. RESULTS: Habitual tea drinking, frequent tea drinking (drinking tea 6-7 days per week), tea concentration and <10 g of tea per day were strongly associated with an increase in HRQoL among Chinese adults (all p<0.05). The association between tea-drinking habits and HRQoL among Chinese adults was more pronounced in the male population and in those ≥45 y of age (all p<0.05). Tea drinking habits may improve HRQoL in Chinese adults by enhancing sleep quality (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining the habit of habitual tea drinking (6-7 days per week), in small amounts (<10 g tea per day) was conducive to improving HRQoL of Chinese adults by improving sleep quality.

The effect of biogeochemical redox oscillations on arsenic release from legacy mine tailings.

Exposed and un-remediated metal(loid)-bearing mine tailings are susceptible to wind and water erosion that disperses toxic elements into the surrounding environment. Compost-assisted phytostabilization has been successfully applied to legacy tailings as an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and sustainable landscape rehabilitation that provides vegetative cover and subsurface scaffolding to inhibit offsite transport of contaminant laden particles. The possibility of augmented metal(loid) mobility from subsurface redox reactions driven by irrigation and organic amendments is known and arsenic (As) is of particular concern because of its high affinity for adsorption to reducible ferric (oxyhydr)oxide surface sites. However, the biogeochemical transformation of As in mine tailings during multiple redox oscillations has not yet been addressed. In the present study, a redox-stat reactor was used to control oscillations between 7 d oxic and 7 d anoxic half-cycles over a three-month period in mine tailings with and without amendment of compost-derived organic matter (OM) solution. Aqueous and solid phase analyses during and after redox oscillations by mass spectrometry and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that soluble OM addition stimulated pyrite oxidation, which resulted in accelerated acidification and increased aqueous sulfate activity. Soluble OM in the reactor solution significantly increased mobilization of As under anoxic half-cycles primarily through reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite. Microbially-mediated As reduction was also observed in compost treatments, which increased partitioning to the aqueous phase due to the lower affinity of As(III) for complexation on ferric surface sites, e.g. ferrihydrite. Oxic half-cycles showed As repartitioned to the solid phase concurrent with precipitation of ferrihydrite and jarosite. Multiple redox oscillations increased the crystallinity of Fe minerals in the Treatment reactors with compost solution due to the reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite and precipitation of jarosite. The release of As from tailings gradually decreased after repeated redox oscillations. The high sulfate, ferrous iron, and hydronium activity promoted the precipitation of jarosite, which sequestered arsenic. Our results indicated that redox oscillations under compost-assisted phytostabilization can promote As release that diminishes over time, which should inform remediation assessment and environmental risk assessment of mine site compost-assisted phytostabilization.

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage With or Without Intraventricular Hemorrhage.

Objective: The treatment effect of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) remains controversial. Intracerebral hemorrhage patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) seemingly have a worse prognosis. So we aim to verify the efficacy of MIS for small and medium cerebral hemorrhage (15-30ml) using the propensity score matching (PSM)method which could reduce the heterogeneity, and further analyze the different treatment effects of MIS for sICH with or without IVH. Methods: We collected the data of patients with sICH from January 2016 to March 2021 retrospectively. The propensity score matching method was used to compare the clinical outcomes of surgery and conservative treatments. The primary outcome was neurological prognosis. The second outcomes were the rate of complications, length of stay, and hospitalization expenses. Furthermore, we use the binary logistic regression analysis to explore the influence of MIS on patients' prognosis. Results: For all sICH patients, the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of the surgery group were worse than those of the conservative group. The length of stay (P = .001), hospitalization expenses (P < .01), pneumonia incidence (P < 0.01), and history of tracheotomy (P = .002) of the surgery group were higher than those of the conservative group. For sICH patients without IVH, the GOS and MRS of surgery patients were statistically better than those of conservative patients at 3 months. The length of stay (P = .046), hospitalization expenses (P < .001), and pneumonia incidence (P < .001) of the surgery group were also higher than the conservative group. Binary logistic analysis showed that MIS is the protective factor for patients' neurological function, especially for intracerebral hemorrhage patients without IVH (OR = 66.636). Conclusions: For small and medium cerebral hemorrhage, stereotactic puncture drainage minimally invasive surgery could result in better functional outcomes, especially for the sICH patients without IVH.Nevertheless, surgery cannot reduce the occurrence of complications, hospitalization length, and expenses.

An Analysis of the Association between School Bullying Prevention and Control Measures and Secondary School Students' Bullying Behavior in Jiangsu Province.

(1) Background: China released regulations on school bullying prevention and control in 2017; however, current research on school bullying in China focuses on exploring influencing factors and lacks empirical research on the effectiveness of anti-bullying policies in schools. The objective of this study was to use an empirical model to explore the association between bullying prevention and control measures and secondary school students' bullying victimization and multiple bullying victimization in Chinese schools. (2) Methods: Data were derived from the 2019 Surveillance of Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors among Students in Jiangsu Province. The school's bullying prevention and control measures, which was the independent variable, were obtained in the form of a self-report questionnaire and consisted of five measures: the establishment of bullying governance committees, thematic education for students, thematic training for parents, special investigations on bullying, and a bullying disposal process. Bullying victimization and multiple bullying victimization, which was the dependent variable, were obtained through a modified version of the Olweus bullying victimization questionnaire. In order to better explain the differences in the results, this study constructed multilevel logistic regression models to test the association between school bullying prevention and control measures and the rates of bullying victimization and multiple bullying victimization among secondary school students at both the school level and the student level. Meanwhile, this study constructed five models based on the null model by sequentially incorporating demographic variables, physical and mental health variables, lifestyle variables, and bullying prevention and control measures in schools to verify this association. (3) Results: A total of 25,739 students were included in the analysis. The range of bullying victimization rates for students in the different secondary schools in this study was between 6.8% and 37.3%, and the range of multiple bullying victimization rates was between 0.9% and 14.8%. The establishment of bullying disposal procedures was strongly associated with a reduction in bullying victimization (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.71-0.99, p < 0.05). Establishing bullying disposal procedures was not significantly associated with multiple bullying victimization rates (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.73-1.09, p > 0.05). The establishment of a bullying governance committee, thematic education for students, thematic training for parents, and special surveys on bullying were not significantly associated with bullying victimization rates or multiple bullying victimization rates (all p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Among the current bullying prevention and control measures for secondary school students in China, the establishment of a bullying disposal process was conducive to reducing the rate of bullying victimization, but it was ineffective in reducing the rate of multiple bullying victimization, and the other preventive and control measures did not achieve the purpose of anti-bullying in schools.

Synthesis of DNA-Encoded Macrocyclic Peptides via Nitrile-Aminothiol Click Reaction.

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology holds exciting potential for discovering novel therapeutic macrocyclic peptides (MPs). Herein, we describe the development of a DEL-compatible peptide macrocyclization method that proceeds via intramolecular click-condensation between 3-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-l-alanine (Cpa) and an N-terminal cysteine. Cyclization takes place spontaneously in a buffered aqueous solution and affords the cyclized products in excellent yields. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and can be employed to generate MPs of variable ring size and amino acid composition.

Maternal positive coparenting and adolescent ego-identity: the chain mediating role of fathers' marital satisfaction and adolescent peer relationships.

Introduction: Based on the ecological systems theory and the family systems theory, this study explores the mechanisms underlying the effects of maternal positive coparenting on adolescent ego-identity. Methods: This study employed the Maternal Positive Coparenting Scale to assess mothers, the Father Marital Satisfaction Scale to examine fathers, and the Adolescent Peer Relationship Scale, along with the Ego-Identity Scale, to evaluate adolescents. This comprehensive approach involved investigating 522 families, encompassing both parents and adolescents. Results: The results obtained indicate a significant positive correlation between maternal positive coparenting and adolescent ego-identity. Peer relationships mediated the relationship between maternal positive coparenting and adolescent ego-identity. Father marital satisfaction mediated the relationship between maternal positive coparenting and adolescent ego-identity insignificantly. Paternal marital satisfaction and adolescent peer relationship have a chain mediating role between maternal positive coparenting and adolescent ego-identity. The study contributes by offering insights from the perspectives of family and peer relationships for further enhancing the development of adolescent ego-identity.