Sodium tanshinone â ¡A sulfonate injection as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sodium tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate (STS) injection has been widely used to treat heart failure over the past years in China. However, to the best of our knowledge, neither systematic review nor meta-analysis on the efficacy of STS injection as adjunctive therapy for heart failure has been reported. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to summarize relevant evidence from the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of STS injection as adjunctive therapy for heart failure. METHODS: RCTs on STS injection as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of heart failure were screened from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Sino-Med, PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Cochrane Library, Embase and Chinese Science Citation Database until July 2021. Two authors independently performed the literature searching, data extraction, and quality evaluation. The meta-analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3. Based on the methodological quality, years of publication, and sample size of the included RCTs, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were investigated. RESULTS: Fourteen RCTs with a total of 1368 patients were identified in this study. Results from this meta-analysis showed that STS injection as adjunctive therapy was superior to western medicine alone for the treatment of heart failure in improving the total effective rate (RR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.29; p < 0.00001) and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; MD = 6.34; 95% CI 5.25 to 7.43; p < 0.00001), meanwhile reducing the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD; MD = -4.79; 95% CI, -6.44 to -3.15; p < 0.00001), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD; MD = -3.98; 95% CI, -5.79 to -2.17; p < 0.0001) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP; MD = -118.75; 95% CI, -175.36 to -62.15; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that STS injection as adjunctive therapy seemed to be more effective than western medicine alone in treating heart failure. However, due to the poor methodological quality of the included RCTs, further well-designed RCTs are required to confirm the efficacy of STS injection.

Erratum: Directly converting CO2 into a gasoline fuel.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15174.

Directly converting CO2 into a gasoline fuel.

The direct production of liquid fuels from CO2 hydrogenation has attracted enormous interest for its significant roles in mitigating CO2 emissions and reducing dependence on petrochemicals. Here we report a highly efficient, stable and multifunctional Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5 catalyst, which can directly convert CO2 to gasoline-range (C5-C11) hydrocarbons with selectivity up to 78% of all hydrocarbons while only 4% methane at a CO2 conversion of 22% under industrial relevant conditions. It is achieved by a multifunctional catalyst providing three types of active sites (Fe3O4, Fe5C2 and acid sites), which cooperatively catalyse a tandem reaction. More significantly, the appropriate proximity of three types of active sites plays a crucial role in the successive and synergetic catalytic conversion of CO2 to gasoline. The multifunctional catalyst, exhibiting a remarkable stability for 1,000 h on stream, definitely has the potential to be a promising industrial catalyst for CO2 utilization to liquid fuels.