Nonequilibrium pattern formation in circularly confined two-dimensional systems with competing interactions.

We numerically investigate the nonequilibrium behaviors of classic particles with competing interactions confined in a two-dimensional logarithmic trap. We reveal a quench-induced surprising dynamics exhibiting rich dynamic patterns depending upon confinement strength and trap size, which is attributed to the time-dependent competition between interparticle repulsions and attractions under a circular confinement. Moreover, in the collectively diffusive motions of the particles, we find that the emergence of dynamic structure transformation coincides with a diffusive mode transition from superdiffusion to subdiffusion. These findings are likely useful in understanding the pattern selection and evolution in various chemical and biological systems in addition to modulated systems, and add a new route to tailoring the morphology of pattern-forming systems.

Pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. / Entrenamiento muscular del suelo pélvico en el tratamiento del prolapso de órganos pélvicos: un metaanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorizados.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the overall effect of pelvic muscle training (PFMT) on patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) based on eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT). METHODS: We searched the following databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase, to identify eligible RCT based on the index words updated to December 2018. We also searched the publications related to the present study. Odds rations (OR), and mean difference (MD) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to analyze the main outcomes. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis, 15 RCTs were included with a total of 1309 patients in the PFMT group and a total of 1275 patients in the control group. The overall results showed no significant difference in the incidence of add 2 POP-Q stages (RR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.19-1.63), add 1 POP-Q stages (RR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.69-1.57), no POP-Q stages change (RR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.81-1.09), reduce 2 POP-Q stages (RR: 1.72, 95%CI: 0.79-3.76), self-reported same symptom change (RR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.45-1.09), and self-reported worse symptom change (RR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.22-2.03) between the 2groups. Besides, the incidence of reduce 1 POP-Q stages was significantly higher in the PFMT group than that of the control group (RR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.20-2.69), and the PFMT significantly changed the self-reported symptoms with better outcomes when compared with the control group (RR: 2.90, 95%CI: 1.72-4.89). However, after the therapy, the PFMT group decreased the POP-SS (SMD: -0.24, 95%CI: -0.71-0.22), POPDI-6 (SMD: -0.14, 95%CI: -0.43-0.15), CRADI-8 (SMD: -0.03, 95%CI: -0.16-0.11), and UDI-6 (SMD: -0.17, 95%CI: -0.43-0.10) versus the control group, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: PMFT showed better effect in reducing 1 POP-Q stages, changing the self-reported symptoms with better outcomes, decreasing the score of POP-SS, POPDI-6, CRADI-8, and UDI-6 in women with POP versus the control group. However, more high-quality multicenter RCTs with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the present conclusions.

Structural transitions for 2D systems with competing interactions in logarithmic traps.

We propose a confinement model and study numerically the structural properties of particles with competing interactions in logarithmic traps (i.e., the confinement potential is a logarithmic function). A rich variety of cluster structures are observed as a function of trap steepness, trap size, and particle density. In addition to the consistent results with previous studies for a harmonic confinement, we observe some new stable structures, including a hybrid cluster structure consisting of clumps surrounded by a circular stripe, parallel stripes, or homogeneous voids surrounded by a ringlike arrangement of clumps, and a gear-like cluster with fringed outer rims evenly arranged along the circumference. Our work reveals that such self-organized structures arise due to the radial density reconfiguration in a finite confined system corresponding to the unconstrained systems, which is controlled by the interplay between the long-range repulsions and the attractions to the minimum of the confinement potential. Such results are likely relevant in understanding the structural properties of confined mermaid systems.

An effective method of anastomosis of the nasolacrimal canal.

An effective method of anastomosis of the nasolacrimal canal is summed up in data derived from 150 cases seen over 20 years at the People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province. This paper describes briefly this experience and analyses the success of this procedure.