Joseph Bell (1837-1911): Centenario del cirujano que inspiró a Arthur Conan Doyle el personaje de Sherlock Holmes, y que enseñó urología en Edimburgo / Joseph Bell (1837-1911): Centenary of the Surgeon Who Inspired Arthur Conan Doyle for the Character of Sherlock Holmes and Who Taught Urology in Edinburgh

No disponible

Hernia de acceso de laparoscopia / Laparoscopic por site hernia

No disponible

Los estudios sobre el riñón y la circulación renal de Josep Trueta i Raspall (1897-1977) / Studies on the kidney and the renal circulation, by Josep Trueta i Raspall (1897-1977)

Introducción: Josep Trueta i Raspall, nacido en Barcelona en 1897, fue uno de los más destacados cirujanos de su tiempo. Después de iniciada la rebelión militar y la guerra de 1936, se hace cargo de la cirugía en el Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau y pone en práctica un método de cura oclusiva de las fracturas abiertas, que disminuye dramáticamente el número de gangrenas y amputaciones entre civiles y militares. Con el final de la guerra y el exilio, es invitado por el servicio de salud inglés, en Oxford enseña sus conocimientos de cirugía de guerra, es nombrado doctor honoris causa y profesor de ortopedia, y crea una escuela de investigación clínica que genera importantes hallazgos en el desarrollo y patología del hueso y, entre otras áreas, en el conocimiento de la función renal y las lesiones renales inducidas por el shock y la hipertensión arterial. Uno de los frutos más destacados de esta investigación es el libro 'Estudios sobre la circulación renal', publicado en inglés en 1947 (Oxford) y en castellano en 1949 (Barcelona). Material y Método: Estudio de la biografía de Josep Trueta y análisis de sus trabajos sobre la función renal, en especial del texto 'Estudios sobre la circulación renal', relacionándolo con el estado de los estudios nefrológicos en su tiempo. Resultados: Trueta y su grupo fueron pioneros en el estudio de las causas de la oliguria postraumática de los heridos de guerra. Basándose en los primeros estudios sobre el síndrome de aplastamiento, publicados en 1941, en los que se señalaba el fallo renal que seguía a las lesiones extensas de los miembros, demuestran los cambios en la circulación renal consecutivos a diferentes lesiones de los miembros, como isquemia, hemorragia e infecciones. 'Estudios sobre la circulación renal' y otros textos publicados en revistas de gran impacto, exponen la isquemia cortical renal con preservación o aumento de la circulación medular y yuxtamedular que tiene lugar en estos estados patológicos. Aunque sus aportaciones y las hipótesis que aventuró, no fueron definitivas, sirvieron de base para otros estudios realizados años después sobre la insuficiencia renal aguda secundaria al shock, la glomerulonefritis, el rechazo del trasplante y la hipertensión arterial. Comentario: Los trabajos de Trueta son un extraordinario ejemplo de investigaciones dirigidas a responder a preguntas clínicas concretas. Llamala atención el amplio campo de investigación en que se mueve, que hoy día implicaría a diversas especialidades muy ajenas a sus tareas de cirujano ortopeda. Además de su pasión catalanista, que le movió a escribir 'The spirit of Catalonia' (1946), un breve texto sobre la historia de Cataluña para el público de habla inglesa, Trueta fue un intelectual humanista con intereses muy amplios, que dejó reflejados en sus libros de viajes, y en textos sobre la vida de sabios clásicos como Luis Vives, Miguel Servet o Cajal. Regresó a Cataluña en 1966 y falleció en 1977. Su libro 'Estudios sobre la circulación renal', exquisitamente ilustrado y editado, merece un lugar destacado en la historiografía médica de interés urológico (AU)

Introduction: Josep Trueta i Raspall, born in Barcelona in 1897, was one of the most outstanding european surgeons of his time. In 1936, after the military coup and during the subsequent Spanish civil war, he was in charge of the Surgery Service at the Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau and begins to performe a closed method to treat open fractures of the limbs, dramatically lowering the number of gangrenes and amputations between troops and civilians. At the end of the war came the exile, and he was invited by the british Health Service, he teach in Oxford and applies his knowledge on war surgery, was named PhD (Hon) and professor of ortopedics, and creates an school of clinical investigation that generates important findings in bone growing and pathology and, amont other areas, in the knowledge of renal function and kidney injuries induced by shock and blood hypertension. One of the most outstanding fruits of this investigation is the book 'Studies on renal circulation', first published in English in 1947 (Oxford), then in Spanish in 1949 (Barcelona). Material and Method: Study of Josep Trueta’s biography and works on kidney function, especially the book 'Studies on the renal circulation', relating them to the state-of- the- art of nephrologic studies of his time. Results: Trueta and his group were pioneers in the study of the causes of postraumatic oliguria in war wounds. On the basis of the first studies on crush syndrome, published in 1941, were the kidney failure that followed the extended injuries of the limbs was pointed out, they could demonstrated the changes in renal circulation that followed different injuries to the limbs, such as ischemia, haemorrhage and infections'Studies on the renal circulation' and other papers published in journals of high scientific impact, shown the renal cortical ischemia with preservation or increase of the medullar and yuxtamedullar circulation that takes place in those pathological situations (Trueta shunt). Although their contributions and hypothesis were not definitives, they served as the basis to studies performed later on, on acute kidney failure secondary to shock, glomerulonephritis, transplant rejection and blood hypertension. Comment: Trueta’s works are unusual examples of investigations directed to answer clinical questions. What may calls one’s attention is the wide field of investigation he moves on, that today would involved several medical specialities, different to his task as orthopedic surgeon. On the other hand, his love by Catalonia, his country, moves him to write The spirit of Catalonia' (1946), a short text for English-speaking people, on the political and scientific history of Catalonia. Trueta was in the end, an humanistic intellectual with broad interests, reflected on his books on travels or on the life of classic sages such as Luis Vives, Miguel Servet or Cajal. He returned back to Catalonia in 1966 and died in 1977. His book 'Studies on the renal circulation', exquisitely illustrated and edited deserves a distinguished place in the European medical and urological historiography (AU)

[Radical laparoscopic nephroureterectomy]. / Nefrectomía radical laparoscópica.

As with the increasingly common presence of laparoscopic surgery in renal adenocarcinoma, the same situation is also occurring with radical management of tumours of the upper urothelium. In this type of clinical condition, it is important to emphasize the different ways to mobilise the distal ureter (with transuretral resection or unroofing, pure laparoscopy, or open), and to take into account that this tumour has the highest risk of implantation at the ports of entry. Here, we conduct a literature review and up-date of the different approaches to the distal urethra.

[Laparoscopic adrenalectomy]. / Adrenalectomía laparoscópica.

Laparoscopic extirpation of the suprarenal gland is considered the 'gold standard' of surgery for benign conditions, but its indication in suprarenal cancer is still controversial. In this article, we review the pros and cons of the laparoscopic approach in the different disorders that affect the adrenal gland, pheochromocytoma, cancer, partial and bilateral adrenalectomy, etc.

[Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy of an iliac ureteral stone forgotten for more than eight years]. / Ureterolitotomia laparoscópica de un cálculo de uréter iliaco olvidado durante más de ocho años.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy recently rises as a new option in the treatment of ureteral calculi, particularly those of the greatest size, hardness or impactation. We describe such an indication to resolve a case of forgotten for more than eight years and severely obstructive ureteral stone. PATIENT AND METHOD: A 64 years-old male received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for a right distal ureteral stone and, simultaneously, a left impacted iliac ureteral calculi was discovered, at the confluence of an incomplete duplication of the ureter, for which treatment was recommended, but deferred by the patient. Eight years after, the same stone caused a massive dilatation with poor function of the upper pole moiety and slightly preserved function of the lower pole moiety of the left kidney. Two intents of retrograde ureteroscopy failed because of impossibility to reach the stone. Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy was performed in lateral decubitus position, with double J in place and three 10 mm ports. After identification of the dilated ureter, an V-shape ureterothomy was made and the stone mobilized and extracted. The ureter was stented and the ureterothomy closed with intracorporeal suture. The patient had a postoperative stage of four days and a mild functional recovery. DISCUSSION: If the usual treatment options (extracorporeal lithotripsy and ureteroscopy with intracorporeal lithotripsy) failed, then laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is less invasive than open ureterolithotomy. However, the indications of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy are restricted because substantial laparoscopic experience is needed to cope with possible technical difficulties.

Nefrectomía radical laparoscópica / Radical laparoscopic nephroureterectomy

Al igual que la cirugía laparoscópica está cada vez más presente en la cirugía del adenocarcinoma renal, lo mismo está ocurriendo en cuanto al tratamiento radical del tumor de urotelio superior. En esta intervención laparoscópica es importante hacer hincapié en las distintas posibilidades para desinsertar el uréter distal (mediante resección transuretral, mediante laparoscopia, o de forma abierta), así como tener en consideración que es el tumor con mayor riesgo de implante en los puertos de entrada. Hacemos en este trabajo una revisión de la bibliografía, así como una puesta al día de las distintas formas de abordar el uréter distal

As with the increasingly common presence of laparoscopic surgery in renal adenocarcinoma, the same situation is also occurring with radical management of tumours of the upper urothelium. In this type of clinical condition, it is important to emphasize the different ways to mobilise the distal ureter (with transuretral resection or unroofing, pure laparoscopy, or open), and to take into account that this tumour has the highest risk of implantation at the ports of entry. Here, we conduct a literature review and up-date of the different approaches to the distal urethra

Adrenalectomía laparoscópica / Laparoscopic adrenalectomy

La extirpación de la glándula suprarrenal por vía laparoscópica se considera la intervención de elección en los tumores benignos, siendo aún discutible su indicación en el cáncer de suprarrenal. Revisamos en este artículo los pro y contras del acceso laparoscópico en los tumores de la glándula adrenal: adenomas funcionantes, feocromocitoma, cáncer, adrenalectomía parcial y bilateral

Laparoscopic extirpation of the suprarenal gland is considered the ‘gold standard’ of surgery for benign conditions, but its indication in suprarenal cancer is still controversial. In this article, we review the pros and cons of the laparoscopic approach in the different disorders that affect the adrenal gland, pheochromocytoma, cancer, partial and bilateral adrenalectomy, etc